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SIMBOLI STATUSA I MOĆI

Author(s): Ivana Grbavac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2015

In multiethnic ecologies the relationship between language and identity is a highly complex issue.. Identity as a multilayered, variabile and dynamic process mirrors itself in the linguistic landscape (LL), the sum of linguistic signs in an urban setting. Our paper aims at measuring the presence and markers of ethnolinguistic identity in the aftermath period in the LL of a divided city, the city of Mostar. Our aim is to analyse linguistic signs from 'in vitro' and 'in vivo' perspective, in other words as set up by government and private acters.Linguistic landscape of the divided city of Mostar is an arena with diverse identities (linguistic, ethnic, cultural etc.) confronted. Different ethnicities are in constant fight endeavouring to leave more 'prints' of their identity. The presence of a language in the LL of a city is a symbol of strength and vitality of the language community. On the other hand the absence of a language in the LL of a city tells us that the language and its speakers do not possess a high status in the public and social life of the community. Therefore, according to the Symbolic Value Principle by Spolsky and Cooper, various ethnicities 'mark their territory'. The results of our research have shown that public signs in the LL of Mostar are indeed symbols of status and power. This speaks for the vitality of different cleveages in the society. Nevertheless, the high percentage of ethnolinguistic identity markers at the same time suggests that the social environment in the city of Mostar is quite tolerant and open for diversity, social and cultural.

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Nadnaturalny horror w Google Street View. Estetyka niepokoju a obrazy ładu w przestrzeni miejskiej

Author(s): Rafał Nahirny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

Images constituting the world of Google Street View most frequently represent order in urban public space. We use this application for directions and trip planning. But we can also look at Street View images differently. The author of the article analyzes creepypasta stories (anonymous short scary online legends posted on various message boards) that are happening in the visual world created by Google. The main objective is to describe elements creating the aesthetics of anxiety and strategies used to construct the experience of the uncanny in the world of Street View.

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Miejska ulica jako przestrzeń życia politycznego — między ładem cenzury a żywiołem buntu

Author(s): Grzegorz Błahut / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

This paper regards the urban street as social space, where different symbolic interactions occur between individuals and groups of people. The established social and political order within this space happens to be disturbed by different forms of protest. An article attempts to compare the course of riots in former times to those at present. The comparison implies that the functional grandness of the urban street belongs to the past. This is mainly caused by new legal regulations restricting freedom of assembly and the new tele-electronic media space, and by a deepening division of the Polish society into different groups of interest, and its consequent inability to consolidate. An indirect cause also is the new order and mentality developed in democratic societies and by a consumeristic lifestyle.

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Prawo do miasta — społeczna konstrukcja idei miejskości w przestrzeni Internetu

Author(s): Barbara Rożałowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2015

The study regards major social associations and individual initiatives in social networks, which carry out the idea of the right to the city. The object of analysis is the multimedia material posted on the Internet, capturing an image of a virtual city created by spontaneous actions of residents. The described visible activity is an expression of an arising reflective approach toward urban space. The change in residents’ mindsets about their role is facilitated by the network connection of participants. The efficacy of these networks creates an influential environment which has a considerable impact on today’s city management.

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Manažment riadenia vzťahu mesto — človek

Author(s): Jana Jaďuďová,Ján Zelený / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 15/2015

The article is focused on analyzing the relationship between the city and the citizen. Currently, the city applies the principle of responsible behaviour, in which the city stands out as a good citizen to respond to the needs of its key partners — citizens. The aim of the article is to analyze, on the example of selected municipal governments of the Slovak Republic and their activities, the readiness of the government for partnership with citizens, and to propose how to manage this relationship. The research was conducted between 2012 and 2013 in selected urban municipalities of the Slovak Republic’s Banska Bystrica region: Banska Bystrica, Zvolen and Žiar Hronom. An analysis of the relationship between the city and citizen was carried out by means of open interviews with the municipal authorities, questioning citizens and own observations. The results of our research showed that, irrespective of the size of the city, selected municipalities showed a low level of preparedness for the creation of partnerships with citizens.

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Tradičné prvky v priestore súčasného mesta

Author(s): Zdena Krišková / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 15/2015

The paper addresses the issue of preservation and transformation of traditional cultural elements in contemporary urban space. Attention is focused on northern Spiš, characterized by a proximity to Slovak-Polish culture, specifically on the town of Poprad. The paper documents preservation and transformation of traditions (based on Christmas) in contemporary urban environment and society. Tourism plays a significant part in the process of social and cultural development. The role of autonomy as a determinant of social and cultural events in urban environment is also not negligible.

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Gminne instytucje w infrastrukturę edukacyjną w Łódzkim Obszarze Metropolitalnym w latach 2007-2013

Author(s): Tomasz Napierała,Marek Lawin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2015

The main goal of the paper is to analyze municipal investment expenditures for educational infrastructure in Lodz Metropolitan Area. Presented research was conducted for the period between the years 2007 and 2013, the last Multiannual Financial Framework of European Union. The authors identified significance of investments in educational infrastructure for municipal policy in Lodz Metropolitan Area. Moreover, they assessed the quality of strategic and financial municipal planning for development of educational infrastructure in the studied area. The authors used their own, earlier depicted methodology of complex analysis of municipal strategies, budget plans and financial statements (Napierała et al. 2013). Municipal goals of investment expenditures for educational infrastructure were identified. Moreover, the authors verified whether or not the purposes were achieved. Furthermore, specificity of investments were depicted for various types of municipalities: rural, urban and urban-rural.

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Suburbanizacja a sytuacja mieszkaniowa w aglomeracji poznańskiej

Author(s): Anna Jancz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 95/2016

The main purpose of this article is to identify spatial diversifying effects and prospects of suburbanisation in municipalities of the Poznań urbanised area. Current effects of suburbanisation and its possible development are limited to the sphere of the housing industry. The applied research methods are spatial typology and the description and analysis of the housing situation in the Poznań urbanised area. In the article, as an introduction, the definition of suburbanisation is presented and also its evolution, as well as the economic data which describe and show the Poznań agglomeration.

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OBRAZ NOWEJ HUTY W NAJNOWSZEJ PROZIE FABULARNEJ: KOBIETY, ROMANTYZM I PRAGNIENIE NOWEGO POCZĄTKU

Author(s): Anna Wojciechowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

The text undertakes an analysis of representation of Nowa Huta in contemporary ction, in attempt to discover whether a new ways of description have been invented (in the context of strong and in uential myths dating back do 1950’s). It focuses on three texts: Hanna Sokołowska’s thriller Kosa, Jewgienij T. Olejniczak’s fantasy novella Tajemna historia Nowej Huty and Adam Miklasz’s Ostatni mecz, a story of Nowa Huta football team and its fans. A couple of common problems in the discussed texts are observed and examined, such as: rep- resentation of feminity (attribution of creative force to women), romantic paradigm, relation between private and public and rewriting of Nowa Huta genesis.What seems to be a major problem is crisis of community, distrust of common values and shift towards indi- vidualism (in Miklasz’s book the case is more complicated).

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Estetyka współczesnego miasta – problem visual i light pollution

Author(s): Maria Michniowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XIII/2015

Pollution of the urban space, both visual and light, is a growing problem and appears in practically every city. It poses both an aesthetic and ecological threat. There is a lack of legal measures that would regulate the question of intervention in the urban space. Thus, the layout of advertising signs is extremely important because our cities are cluttered with various hoardings and billboards. We can observe it especially in city centers but also on the outskirts where advertising is even less ordered and more chaotic. The problem of visual and light pollution is becoming omnipresent, and the latter one is a matter of concern not only for environmentalists and astronomers but also for all the people who want their cities to be aesthetic and safe.

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Aesthetic Dimension of Urban Revitalisation in Polish and Bulgarian Cities

Author(s): Slawomir PALICKI,Izabela RACKA,Ivo KOSTOV / Language(s): English Issue: 94/2015

Culture is an important factor in the process of revitalisation, as it creates a new identity of the place and builds the image of the city. Artistic aestheticization of deteriorated areas is associated with the concept of ‘beauty’, which is relative and interpreted by people in different, individual ways. The ‘beautification’ of cities, which has become a widespread phenomenon, involves investing in the architectural fabric, street furniture, public green spaces or public art. Artists ennoble space, making it unique. The aim of the paper is to admit and analyse a new phenomenon of a conscious use of artistic aestheticization in the processes of revitalisation. The authors have collated the knowledge of these forms in Polish and Bulgarian cities. Based on the research carried out in 2015, artistic aestheticization has a positive effect on the image of revitalised space in the perception of its users.

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VODE IN RUDE KOT ODLOČILNI DEJAVNIKI ZA NASTANEK IN GOSPODARSKI VZPON MEŠČANSKIH NASELIJ NA SLOVENSKEM V PREDINDUSTRIJSKI DOBI

Author(s): Boris Golec / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 10/2014

The creation and economic rise of certain civil settlements in Slovenia in the pre-industrial era is inextricably related to the exploitation of water resources and mineral wealth. Two villages became marketplaces thanks to water resources: in the 16th century, Vrhnika mostly because of Ljubljanica river navigation and river traffic; at the turn of the 17th and 18th century Dolenjske Toplice acquired the position of a marketplace, soon to lose it. River transport on Sava in the 18th and early 19th century significantly changed the economic and social profile of the medieval market called Litija; after it ceased due to the railway, a reversal occurred again. However, the exploitation of mineral wealth had even greater impact on formation of urban settlements than river transport. At the end of the Middle Ages, there was a marketplace Bela Peč (now in Italy), the only mining settlement that managed to acquire all the attributes of a marketplace with a developed autonomy. The place Idrija is certainly the biggest phenomenon of them all, with its mercury mining. Getting its marketplace status in late 17th century, Idrija was referred to as a mining town from mid-18th century onwards, and later a city (the second biggest one in Carniola); although on an overall level it lacked institutions of a city administration.

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Die Stadtpfarrer und die Kunst im spätmittelalterlichen Bistritz

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Die Stadtpfarrer und die Kunst im spätmittelalterlichen Bistritz

Author(s): Ciprian Firea / Language(s): German Issue: _/2014

Die Stadtansicht von Bistritz wird von der Monumentalität der evangelischen Kirche und der ihr eigenen Silhouette geprägt. Ihr derzeitiges Äußeres ist größtenteils das Ergebnis der weitreichenden Bauarbeiten aus der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts unter der Leitung des Architekten Petrus Italus von Lugano; sie wurden 1563, vor 450 Jahren, abgeschlossen. Freilich hat das Bauwerk bis zu seiner (natürlich relativ) endgültigen Form verschiedene Bauphasen durchlaufen, die sich in seiner Bausubstanz wiederfinden. Die vorliegende Studie1 bezieht sich auf die Zeit vor dem Jahr 1563 und versucht, zwei künstlerische Momente aus der Perspektive des Stifters, in diesem Fall des Stadtpfarrers, zu klären. Im Mittelpunkt steht der bislang nicht vermerkte oder unzureichend untersuchte Beitrag zweier vorreformatorischer Stadtpfarrer der Stadt, verbunden mit ihrer Identifikation und damit der Ergänzung der Pfarrerliste der Stadt, die immer noch zahlreiche Lücken aufweist2.

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Modernaus būsto idėja tarpukario Lietuvoje: tarp funkcionalizmo ir tautinio romantizmo

Author(s): Lijana Šatavičiūtė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 4/2011

In the current article, the living interiors of interwar Lithuania are discussed from the aspect of the relation between modern and conservative tendencies. The author seeks to reveal the discourse of the modernistic thought and find out how the new aesthetics was put into practice in a living space. Modernist propaganda in interior furnishing began to manifest itself in the 1920s and gained momentum in the 1930s, with the acceleration of the processes of the society’s modernization, the growth of cities, and the merging of traditional lifestyle with new forms of daily life. Modern culture in Lithuania was associated with progress and renewal. It was directed not only to introducing innovatory aesthetics, but also to overcoming backwardness. Lithuanian citizens were acquainted with the main features of modern architecture on the popular level. The authors of the articles ( Juozas Valentukonis, Mikalojus Vorobjovas, Halina Kairiūkštytė-Jacinienė) that appeared at that time were advanced specialists in their fields, well aware of the importance of the culture of daily life in forming a conscious society. However, the publications lacked deeper theoretical insights, and methodical advice based on practical logic – how to build and furnish a house in a more economical, simple and sanitary way – prevailed. With the aim to consolidate the professionalism of craftsmen, schools and courses of fine crafts were established. One of the important centres of training was the Evening Courses for Decorators established by the Ministry of Education in Kaunas in 1932, in which the creative abilities of apartment decorators were trained, their interests were expanded, and their taste was developed. An innovatory environment took root in Lithuania under the impact of local needs and traditions. Although the tendencies of functionalism and rationalism were reflected in interior furnishing, the conservativeness of the citizens, the limited financial possibilities of the state and individuals, the restrained attitude to the new aesthetics, and possibly the ideal of a cosy home became a hindrance to the radical development of innovations. The understanding of contemporariness did not clash with the traditional aesthetic norms and national features, which were adapted in the conditions of a new era.

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Uždaros gyvenvietės kaip teritorinės segregacijos veiksnys

Author(s): Gintare Pociute-Sereikiene,Dovile Krupickaite / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2016

CEE countries are experiencing post-socialist transformations. The new ideas that are coming from the Western part of Europe or USA are kindly welcomed in the former socialist countries. With these new ideas, in the CEE countries has appeared a new phenomenon – gated communities (GC) – as the new-style residential settlements that become the symbols of territorial segregation. This phenomenon in Lithuania is not so often, but during the last years the number of such neighbourhoods has increased and currently we count around 30 GCs in our country. In public and academic literature that is analysed and presented in this article, the appearance of such territorial structures in the cities and their regions is considered controversially. On the one hand, it is pointed out that these settlements create a positive atmosphere, economic value, social infrastructure for both: settlement residents and also for the neighbourhoods where they are located. On the other side stand the opponents of GCs who underline that these settlements segregate the society and they provide with the list of negative effects of these gated settlements again for both: GC residents and the ones who are left “outside the wall”. The main questions that are raised in our research are the following: does the emergence of gated communities influence the segregation in the cities/city regions? How do the GCs affect the residents of these settlements and the society that is left “beyond the wall”?

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ДЕЛО В ШЛЯПЕ: РОЛЬ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ ЭМАНСИПАЦИИ В ГЕНДЕРНОЙ ДЕМОКРАТИЗАЦИИ ТЕЛЕСНО-ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ИМИДЖА УКРАИНСКОЙ ГО- РОДСКОЙ ЖЕНЩИНЫ (КОНЕЦ XIX – НАЧАЛО XX В.)

Author(s): Alissa Tolstokorova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2012

The paper scrutinizes the process of spatial emancipation of Ukrainian women. It analyses the role of fashion in spatial deprivation of women and their exclusion from the public sphere as well as the role of fiction in the formation of the image of a specially emancipated female. It traces the impact of spatial freedom and geographic mobility on gender identities of Ukrainian women.

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ЭКОЛОГИЯ И КУЛЬТУРА: МЫСЛИ О БУДУЩЕМ «ЭКСЦЕНТРИЧЕСКИХ» ГОРОДОВ ЮГА УКРАИНЫ

Author(s): Farida Tikhomirova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2013

The article deals with environmental future of cities founded in the late XVIII century, on the outskirts of the Russian Empire - Odessa, Sevastopol, Simferopol, Yalta. The author uses the semiotic definition of “excentric” city in the treatment of Y.Lotman and V.Benyamin. The city is considered as the antithesis of nature, the negative consequences of the struggle between nature and artifice are shown. The perspectives of forming environmental culture and environmental awareness of citizens through new interdisciplinary areas - urboekology, architectural ecology, cultural geography are investigated.

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«ИНДИВИД ГЛАЗЕЮЩИЙ» В ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ ПОСТСОВЕТСКОГО ГОРОДА

Author(s): O.L. Lejbovich,N.V. Shushkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

In the form of a dialogue between a sociologist and a culture expert the issue of a man in a large modern Russian city is being discussed in the article. The sociological tradition which has raised the problem of the individual in the urbanized space is being reconstructed. The modern Russian city is considered as a conflict field between the Soviet object area, and the new human relations bourgeois by their nature. The question of a social nature of a city dweller is being raised: whether he is a special anthropological type, or it is only about some extra cultural features of a businessman, fabric worker, office manager? The authors find in the city dweller the typological features emerging in the different epochs. The modern city dweller is considered first of all as the individual consuming, living in the space of the myth.

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СОВЕТСКОЕ, ЗНАЧИТ ИВАНОВСКЕ (ЕКСПОЗИЦИЯ «КОММУНИЗМ + КОММУНА= КОММУНАЛКА»В ДОМЕ-МУЗЕЕ ПЕРВОГО СОВЕТА)

Author(s): Mikhail Yur'yevich Timofeev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2016

Заштатный город Иваново (в 1871-1932 годах Иваново Вознесенск) уже к моменту основания представлял собой крупный текстильный центр («русский Манчестер», как назвал его академик В. П. Безобразов), превышавший по числу жителей губернский Владимир. Во время всеобщей заба- стовки в 1905 году в нём был создан Совет уполномоченных от фабрик. Именно это событие стало во многом определяющим для города в течение большей части ХХ столетия: за последние без малого сто лет его позиционирование осуществлялось с помощью таких маркеров как «красный Манче- стер», «кузница пролетарских кадров», «третья пролетарская столица», «родина Первого Совета». К идеологически заряженным репрезентациям следует добавить ещё две — «столица текстильного края» и «город невест».

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ПРО “НЕУСПЕШНЫХ” УЧИТЕЛЕЙ: СУЩЕСТВУЕТ ЛИ “ДВОЙНОЙ НЕГАТИВНЫЙ ОТБОР” В ПЕДАГОГИКЕ?

Author(s): O.V. Lysenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2016

The article provides a new interpretation of the phenomenon of "double negative selection" in teacher’s training. The author shows that large numbers of students from social groups with low status in pedagogical universities can be explained not only by the low prestige of the teaching profession, but also by regional migration processes. This thesis is based on the results of the empirical sociological research held in Perm. From this point of view, pedagogical universities have important social functions, such as the integration of the regional community, the adaptation of youth to the urban culture, the leveling of social inequalities.

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