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Jawność działania organów wykonawczych jednostek samorządu terytorialnego – wybrane zagadnienia

Author(s): Stanisław Bułajewski,Dobrochna Ossowska-Salamonowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The article contains a brief discussion of the problem of openness of activities of executive bodies of local and regional government on the commune/municipality, district, and province level. After a brief introduction, the authors analyzed the constitutional and statutory conditions for access to public information and the nature of openness of activities of public authorities. The authors discussed not only on the key constitutional provisions but also selected articles of the Act on access to public information in the context of the openness principle. The next part of the article discusses the problem of public information in the practical activities of district heads, district management boards, and province management boards. Of course, openness of activities of executive bodies is subject to numerous limitations; therefore, the analysis that followed focused on the scope of openness of activities of executive bodies of units of local and regional government. The scope of such activities is regulated in detail in Art. 6 of the Act on access to public information. In the conclusion, the authors mentioned the few publications related to the problem of openness of activities of executive bodies of units of local and regional government and the need for analysis of many other issues related to this subject, which the authors were unable to discuss due to the limited size of the article.

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Young People and Projects for the Future. Case Study Romania

Author(s): Corina Dragan,Sebastian Fitzek,Gabriela Neagu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In recent years, the problem of young people has become a dominant one both in the scientific literature, being analyzed from different perspectives, as well as at the level of leaders from various European and national institutions, being interested in the identification of measures, and policies to support young people. The problems that today's young people face are increasingly complex, and the decisions they make and the solutions they identify have a significant impact not only on their own lives but also on the community and the society they belong to. Our study aims to answer the following questions: what are the expectations of young Romanians vis-a-vis their educational, professional, and family future? What are the actions they undertake to achieve their proposed objectives? From a theoretical point of view, we will use a multiple trajectories perspective. From a methodological point of view, we will use quantitative data collected in 2022-2023 in Romania at the level of the South-West Oltenia region. The results confirm the fact that young people are uncertain about their future mainly because the socio-economic and political situation is unstable; that they have a great capacity for adaptability that allows them to change their strategies to obtain the best result for their future; coherence in the development of plans has a close connection with the level of education and qualification of young people.

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Robert J. Donia - Sarajevo: A Biography

Author(s): Anže Voh Boštic / Language(s): English Issue: 1 (2)/2010

Review of: Robert J. Donia: “Sarajevo: A Biography”, Hurst & Company, London, 2006, 435 pages, ISBN 1-85065-765-3.

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Интегрираните териториални инвестиции като инструмент за постигане на устойчиво градско развитие

Author(s): Yordanka Antonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The absorption of EU funds undoubtedly is among the pillars ensuring sustainable development and economic growth. The present article examines the new tool for funding in the framework of programming period 2021-2027, which is accessible for a wide range of applicants from different spheres of public life, determined as eligible participants in the mutual large-scaled project proposals to contribute for improvement of the regional development.

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Increased soil penetration resistance drives degrees of hemeroby in vegetation of urban parks

Author(s): K. O. Molozhon,O. I. Lisovets,O. M. Kunakh,O. V. Zhukov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Urban parks provide a variety of ecosystem services, and a range of management practices promote their maximisation. The species diversity of plant communities is a factor in the maintenance of ecosystem services. The reconstruction of parks is one of the management practices, but the environmental impact of such activities is not clear. The reconstruction of parks affects vegetation and soil cover, and the interconnection of these components of the urban park ecosystem has not been studied before. The study revealed the features of variability of physical properties of soil and vegetation cover and identified their interconnection in the conditions of urban park reconstruction. The study was conducted in the recreational area of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Ukraine). The park was studied in the area where reconstruction activities had previously been carried out. During the reconstruction process, walkways were restored, shrubs were removed, old or damaged trees were excavated, and tree crowns were trimmed. Young trees were planted in place of the removed old trees. Old outbuildings that significantly impaired the aesthetic impression of the park were also dismantled. The reconstruction involved transport and construction equipment. Samples were collected within transects, two of which were located in the reconstruction area, and two other transects were located in a similar area of the park where no reconstruction was carried out. The plant community was found to consist of 65 species. The mean level of alpha diversity was 11.5 species and beta diversity was 5.7. The alpha diversity was higher in the reconstructed park. The principal component analysis of the variability of soil properties extracted four principal components with eigenvalues greater than one. The principal components 1 and 3 reflect the variability of soil properties induced by the park's reconstruction, while the principal components 2 and 4 reflect variability that may be caused by other anthropogenic factors unrelated to the park's reconstruction, or may be due to natural variability of the soil cover. The principal component 1 indicates a uniform increase in the soil penetration resistance as a result of the application of technological processes during the reconstruction. This effect may be the result of the direct technological impact of the mechanisms employed and the large number of employees involved in the park's reconstruction. The condition of the crown space of the park plantation can explain the variation in soil penetration resistance. The increase in the height and projective cover of the grass vegetation is due to a decrease in the closure of the stand crowns, but the effect of such coordinated stand and grass dynamics on soil penetration resistance is observed only at a depth of 25–55 cm. This effect can be explained by the influence of the plant root system on the physical state of the soil. The root system of herbaceous plants is capable of loosening the soil and reducing its soil penetration resistance. The reconstruction of the park led to an increase in the hemeroby of the plant community. The criterion for the success of the reconstruction may be an increase in the attractiveness of the park for visitors without the risk of increasing hemeroby. The trend of increasing hemeroby clearly coincides with the direction of transformation of soil conditions, which are indicated by the principal component 1. The increase in the soil penetration resistance is a driver of the growth of vegetation cover hemeroby. The physical environment of the soil cover acts as an important environmental filter that affects the structure of the vegetation cover and the species composition of plant species complexes.

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Exploring the Drivers of Under-5 Mortality in Low-Income Countries: An Econometric Analysis of Health, Energy, and Urbanization Factors

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Exploring the Drivers of Under-5 Mortality in Low-Income Countries: An Econometric Analysis of Health, Energy, and Urbanization Factors

Author(s): Elvira Nica,Felix Puime-Guillén,Joanna Szydło,Oana Matilda Sabie,Danijela Pantović,Alina Samoilă / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2024

Due to some social, economic, and environmental factors, the under-5 mortality rates in low-income countries (LICs) are usually high. The primary purpose of this study is to determine the impact of health expenditures, electricity consumption, economic growth, renewable energy, urbanization, and fertility rates on the under-5 mortality rates in low-income countries. For the theoretical framework, the Grossman health production theory is conducted. Due to the existence of the cross-sectional dependency problem and the unit-roots problem, the static and dynamic models are employed to evaluate the long-run estimation findings. The static and dynamic models of the fixed effect, random effect, system generalized method of moments, and dynamic generalized method of moments illustrated that health expenditure, electricity, GDP, and urbanization significantly alleviated the infants’ mortality rates under-5 in the low-income countries, by contrast, renewable energy, and fertility rates contributed to the increase of the mortality rates under-5. The quantile regression evaluates the validity and robustness of the results. The robust outcomes narrated that health expenditure, electricity, GDP, and urbanization declined the mortality rates whenever the fertility rate increased the mortality rates. The research suggests important policy recommendations for low-income countries.

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Economic, Social, Cultural Capital of the Region of Puno, Peru

Author(s): David Eleazar Barra-Quispe,Adderly Mamani-Flores,José Luis Ticona-Yanqui,Francis Walter Ferro-Supo,Juan Carlos Chura-Flores,Tony Henry Huanacuni-Zapana,Dimaz Ccori Valdivia / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

The present research had the need to contribute through a social anthropological proposal on urban behavior today in vogue, and the economic, social, cultural capital in the Puno region. The purpose was to analyze the elements that make up the urban behavior of the inhabitants and the Economic, Social, Cultural capital today. To this end, the documentary design and the qualitative method were used, documents related to the topic of the research and selected at the discretion of the researcher were analyzed, and semi-structured interviews were also applied to 13 representatives of the same number of provinces in the Puno region. The results revealed that in the Puno region the population dynamics tend towards the growth of the city and the abandonment of the countryside, which is caused by bad government policies in relation to rural spaces, also the authorities differentiate rural areas and city areas through the recognition of the population in terms of access to education, to economic participation. Pollution and the lack of economic diversification are the reasons that have ended up shaping the urban image of the Puno region, the response to these problems, being a region with centralized services and that redefined human development, both epistemologically and geographically, and as a consequence the reinterpretation of coexistence. of social groups and the perception of traditions and customs.

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Bieszczady – toponim w przestrzeni popkultury internetowe

Author(s): Aneta Wysocka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article concerns the historical, cultural and discursive determinants of the appellative interpretation of proper names in the context of online communication. The research material consists of contexts documenting the creative, usually humorous, use of the Bieszczady toponym, rich in connotations, evoking the cultural script of escape from civilization, recorded in the common phrase: Drop everything and go to Bieszczady. The research has shown that in the global space of information and emotion exchange, a specifically Polish concretization of the escapist myth is powerful and attractive, and the messages based on it testify to the continuity between the literary tradition and popular culture, both analog and digital.

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Između urbanističke vizije i revizije Petogodišnjega plana: planiranje i gradnja naselja u Zagrebu za zaposlenike državnih poduzeća teške industrije (1949. – 1956.)

Author(s): Goran Arčabić / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 1/2024

The consequences of the economic blockade and the new political and security situation after the Cominform resolution of June 1948 had threatened the goals and dynamics of implementation of the first Yugoslav Five-Year Plan. Therefore, in 1949, state investments in the economy and housing were reduced as part of a broader revision process of the Five-Year Plan. In part, savings were made achieved by the cancellation of reduction of funds and resources previously intended for the construction of housing estates for employees of state-owned enterprises. In Croatian historiography, there are no comprehensive studies on this topic.This paper advances the hypothesis that the economic blockade of the FPRY and the political decisions of the Yugoslav leadership to reduce funds and resources previously intended improvement of the standard of living had a decisive influence on the realization of three settlements in Zagreb. In 1949 the Urban Planning Institute of Croatia drew up the plans for three new workers' neighborhoods for employees of companies in the Federal Ministry of Heavy Industry and planned for completion of the construction by the end of the Five-Year Plan (1951).However, the "cutting" of amounts intended for the construction of residential and public buildings, the "deletion" of certain buildings from the investment plans, revisions of architectural projects with the aim of savings, and other administrative procedures resulting from the federal administration decisions had a direct impact on the reduction of the contents in the settlement and the change of construction dynamics. The dynamics slowed down significantly. In the mid-1950s, only some of the residential buildings in the cores of the new settlements were built according to the original plans of 1949, while a significant part of the residential and public facilities still needed to be accomplished. Ultimately, the settlements were only partially constructed according to the original planning documentation and remained unfinished. The paper also tries to confirm that the reduction of investment in the construction of workers' settlements since 1949 contributed to the fluctuation and shortage of qualified workers in heavy industry companies. The post-war visions of modern housing were realized only in the following decade, when the foreign political and economic situation stabilized and the strengthened construction industry began using prefabricated elements in housing construction.

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YOUTH POLICY ADAPTATION IN THE SPANISH RURAL CONTEXT: A CASE OF STUDY OF YOUTH POLICY PROGRAMS

Author(s): VICENT A. QUEROL,EMMA GÓMEZ NICOLAU,XAVIER GINÉS SÁNCHEZ / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

This article aims to describe a series of policies concerning Spanish youth and their degree of adaptation to Spanish rural areas in terms of the key elements of social dynamics in Spain's rural areas. It considers some of the general youth policies being implemented, and identifies those which appear to be closer to these specific territories. After discussing these policies, it is clear that, on the one hand, there is a lack of flexibility and adaptation to the particular circumstances of rural areas. However, on the other hand, it is also possible to cautiously point out some policies which do indeed propose more appropriate actions for rural areas, as well as observe pilot experiences and partnerships between NGOs and the administration that not only have some outstanding elements, but also the potential to stretch into the future.

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE YOUTH GUARANTE PROGRAM IN ROMANIA

Author(s): Claudia Petrescu,Adriana Neguț,Flavius Mihalache / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

In 2014, European countries began implementing the Youth Guarantee Programe (YGP), one of the European Commission’s most important initiatives designed to combat the issue of youth unemployment. This led to a decrease in the number of young NEETs over the subsequent 6 years. Based on data concerning the extent and size of the NEETs phenomenon at the European level, the number of NEETs who benefit from various measures, and data regarding programmes for NEETs financed by ESF, this paper presents an overview of the YGP implementation in Romania during the 2014−2020 period. It does so by identifying the main challenges and barriers that prevented the achievement of the proposed results. In that regard, the main barriers in the implementation of YGP in Romania are related to the lack of coordination of measures between institutions; a lack of flexibility in registering young NEETs; low levels of partnership with local authorities, companies, and NGOs; delays in funding measures; and a lack of centralised monitoring data in order to provide a picture of progress and thus necessary improvement measures.

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IULIAN STĂNESCU, FLAVIUS MIHALACHE „ROMÂNIA RURALĂ ÎN NOUL CAPITALISM”: 1990−2020”

Author(s): Alina Pop / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

România rurală în noul capitalism [Rural Romania under the new capitalism], edited by Iulian Stănescu and Flavius Mihalache, is a collection of studies that address the multiple transformations affecting Romania’s rural areas in the three decades after the fall of communism. The “new capitalism” of contemporary Romania designates a new stage in the country’s social and economic development and is set in contrast with the old capitalism of the interwar period. The volume is divided into four sections that analyse different aspects of rural life, such as demography and legal status of rural municipalities, rural economy, quality of life, and social processes.

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THE IMPACT OF MULTI-LEVEL GOVERNMENTAL POLICY ON EMPLOYMENT AND EDUCATIONAL TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES IN RURAL CATALONIA

Author(s): OMEED AGAHI,MARIA ISABEL PELL-DEMPERE,ÒSCAR PRIETO-FLORES / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Despite numerous policy interventions to improve education and employment outcomes across the European Union in the last decade, youth unemployment rates continue to be elevated in many EU countries. As rural rates are among the highest, the rural−urban divide is receiving ever-increasing attention, and the various dimensions of rural youth unemployment are becoming increasingly prevalent in the discourses of education and employment across Europe, not least in Spain, one of the European countries with the most significant degree of rurality. The objective of this paper is to analyse the differences in Youth-based Active Labour Market policies between rural and urban areas in the Spanish region of Catalonia, using a mix of longitudinal data collection and analysis, along with an examination of the relevant policy framework at all levels of government. Our findings reveal key differences between urban and rural opportunities, and shed light on how multilevel governance may play a role in expanding or reducing these gaps.

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Dziedzictwo kulturowe w procesie rozwoju lokalnego na obszarach niezurbanizowanych: Studium przypadku gminy Stegna

Author(s): Piotr Zbieranek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2024

The aim of this article is to show how cultural heritage can be used for local development. The article takes the form of a case study, focusing on the rural commune of Stegna located in the Pomeranian Voivodship. The empirical material was provided by ethnographic research carried out in 2019, its subject-matter being cultural heritage understood according to the constructivist approach. The ethnographic study included desk research, observations of local initiatives, and individual interviews with representatives of the local community. The material thus gathered was interpreted using Gregory Ashworth’s concept of heritage planning. The article emphasised the fluid nature of heritage as a resource that can be used to initiate processes of local development. A particular situation is the presence of so-called “dissonant heritage”, the specific nature of which has a significant impact on its use in development processes.

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POLITICAL CULTURE IN THE DOBROGEAN COUNTRYSIDE

Author(s): Enache Tușa,Laura Maria Vasilache / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

In the Romanian countryside, especially the communities that are at a significant distance from the nearest city, they struggle day by day to survive, the main concern of the families living in these areas being that of finding resources for the next day. This continuous struggle to find resources narrows their perspective on life, they are not interested in other areas such as education, culture, politics. In Romania, approximately 43% of the country's population lives in the countryside, a particularly important percentage. Also, in Romania there is also a marked inequality between the rural and the urban environment, the villages in Romania remain far behind in terms of modernization, and many of them face significant category. These shortages are related to poor infrastructure, poor education, lack of sewage, lack of jobs. The passage of time aggravates the things that have accentuated the problems due to the fact that there is no involvement of the authorities, social policies, educational policies. The optimal functioning of a democratic society, namely its stability and efficiency depend on the existence and active affirmation of the community and citizens.

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O nieoficjalnych urbanonimach Łodzi. Nostalgia i dzień dzisiejszy

Author(s): Jan Sosnowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

This article is a kind of extension of the list of urbanonyms contained in the book by J. Groblińska Unofficial city names of Łódź. A dictionary, Łódź 2020. The collected research materials comprise 67 unofficial names from Lodz referring not only to modern times, but also to the 20th century. The author characterizes locations designated by names from a cultural or historical point of view, cf. e.g. Aleja Gwiazd (“Avenue of Stars”) or Ratusz (“Town hall”). He remembers with a hint of nostalgia the places related to his childhood and youth, cf. Bloki ZUS-u (“ZUS blocks of flats”; ZUS – Zakład Ubezpieczeń Społecznych [Social Insurance Institution]), Park Leonarda (“Leonhardt's park”). The discussed set of unofficial Lodz urbanonyms is probably not the final supplement to the material presented in the book by Groblińska.

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Деколониален поглед към публичния транспорт в София: „източни“ тролейбуси и/или „западни“ електробуси

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Деколониален поглед към публичния транспорт в София: „източни“ тролейбуси и/или „западни“ електробуси

Author(s): Lyubomir Pozharliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The battery industry, i.e. battery-powered electric cars and buses, has been on the rise for the past decade or so. Several municipalities in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and elsewhere in the world are promoting and advertising their progressiveness by being ready to introduce (or have already introduced) the new battery-electric buses wherever and whenever possible. On the other hand, trolleybus technology is still widespread in post-socialist countries and offers an electric alternative to the battery-powered bus. This paper attempts to address the introduction of the new technology from the perspective of the older technology – the trolleybus one. Based on interviews with local experts and data from the Bulgarian capital, the paper will explore the potential of the decolonial perspective in addressing public transport developments in a post-socialist, Eastern European context.

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Влияние на демографската криза върху устойчивото развитие на регионите

Author(s): Mariyan Aleksandrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2024

The report aims to present the demographic crisis in the Republic of Bulgaria and its impact on the development of the regions. It will give answers to the questions: What are the problems? What are the approaches and methods for decision-making? He will present foreign experience and good European practices for dealing with demographic problems and striving for sustainability of the regions. It is the importance of the interconnection between demographic and economic development that determines the relevance of the problem and its multilateral aspects

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USE OF AN AI-BASED DIGITAL PREDICTION MODEL FOR THE EVALUATION OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IN TERMS OF ACCESSIBILITY AND EFFICIENT URBAN MOVEMENT FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

Author(s): Dimitrios Sfounis,Dimitrios Kolovos,Antonios Kostas,Ioannis Tsoukalidis,Anastasios Karasavvoglou / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Purpose: Ensuring accessible urban infrastructure remains a challenge to inclusive societies and equal participation of people with disabilities in economic, cultural & social life and is thus a stunting factor in economic development. This paper proposes using an Artificial Intelligence-based model for evaluating accessibility in urban infrastructure towards identifying & predicting problematic areas in the existing or future built environment. The objective is to describe a reliable and extensible model capable of detecting mobility-problematic areas, evaluating the quality of urban infrastructure, proposing alternative routes and creating the base of a holistic detection and evaluation digital tool for better urban planning and efficient application of European Social Policies. Methodology: The research identifies obstacle and difficulty components useful within a Digital AI system via structured interviews performed with members of 2 key organizations in social development and inclusion in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Findings: The set of obstacles and difficulties is aggregated in a vector of solvable difficulties suitable for an AI system. Additionally, we propose methodologies for collecting and comparing data from predefined pilot routes between people with disabilities and the general population to build an initial training dataset for a continuous decision-making and evaluation AI system. Originality: Research originality is derived from combining Artificial Intelligence with the sector of computational evaluation of material infrastructure, as perceived by humans with disabilities, and as a tool of increased economic activity. It additionally defines key obstacles perceived by PwDs that are sufficiently measurable and subsequently solvable by AI.

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Policy Intervention Strategies in Waterfront Areas and Their Promotion of Economic Growth in Tangshan

Author(s): Chen MA,Norhafizah Abdul RAHMAN,Zulkefle AYOB / Language(s): English Issue: 87/2024

This article takes Tangshan, Hebei Province as an example to explore in depth the strategy of promoting urban economic growth through waterfront development, and focuses on analyzing the important role of social policy intervention in this process. In order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the current situation and development potential of the waterfront area, we conducted qualitative and case studies, and conducted in-depth research on 211 residents living near the waterfront. The article proposes four important strategies to promote the economic development of waterfront areas and emphasizes the key role of social policy intervention. Firstly, based on the living habits and development needs of residents, targeted commercial and retail development policies should be formulated to improve the utilization rate and economic vitality of waterfront areas; Secondly, by setting waterfront activity spaces suitable for different age groups, the social function and attractiveness of the waterfront area can be enhanced; Thirdly, optimize infrastructure construction, enhance the overall environment and public service level of waterfront areas, thereby enhancing their attractiveness and competitiveness; The fourth is to deeply integrate regional culture into the construction of waterfront areas, further promoting the economic and social development of waterfront areas.

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