СОВЕТСКОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО: ЛАНДШАФТНЫЙ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

Author(s): Vladimir Kagansky / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2012

Soviet space is an extreme type of cultural landscape. It unified and standardized, highly centralized, highly monocentric at all levels, connected only by the dominant characteristic of the radial direction "center - periphery". The centers have a special status and dominate the area. Fragmented, status and geographically dominated peripherals, significant external and internal barrier boundary. The basis of the Soviet space is in the administrative-territorial division, which organizes the bulk of people's lives.

СОВЕТСКОЕ, ЗНАЧИТ ИВАНОВСКЕ (ЕКСПОЗИЦИЯ «КОММУНИЗМ + КОММУНА= КОММУНАЛКА»В ДОМЕ-МУЗЕЕ ПЕРВОГО СОВЕТА)

Author(s): Mikhail Yur'yevich Timofeev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2016

Заштатный город Иваново (в 1871-1932 годах Иваново Вознесенск) уже к моменту основания представлял собой крупный текстильный центр («русский Манчестер», как назвал его академик В. П. Безобразов), превышавший по числу жителей губернский Владимир. Во время всеобщей заба- стовки в 1905 году в нём был создан Совет уполномоченных от фабрик. Именно это событие стало во многом определяющим для города в течение большей части ХХ столетия: за последние без малого сто лет его позиционирование осуществлялось с помощью таких маркеров как «красный Манче- стер», «кузница пролетарских кадров», «третья пролетарская столица», «родина Первого Совета». К идеологически заряженным репрезентациям следует добавить ещё две — «столица текстильного края» и «город невест».

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МОТИВЫ СЕЛЬСКОГО ЖЕНСКОГО СОЦИАЛЬНОГО АКТИВИЗМА В ЗОНЕ НЕЧЕРНОЗЕМЬЯ

Author(s): Elena Alekseevna Okladnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2019

The article deals with the characteristic features of women’s rural social activism, the result of which is the practice of entrepreneurship. Challenges of the era, marked by a change in the political course of the country in the late 1990’s, gave ideological and psychological impetus to the motivation of rural social activists not only in the organization of production practices, but also in the improvement of the spiritual and cultural life of dying villages in Nechernozemie. Social activism as a form of life activity of social actors is more typical for people living in rural areas, in contrast to civil activism, characteristic of urbanized, mobile educated groups of young and able-bodied population of cities. Rural social activists carry out projects that are more time-consuming and far-reaching in terms of time prospects than urban activists. Rural social activists, especially women, make a positive, future-oriented contribution to the social, spiritual and economic development of depressed rural areas. The motives of women’s activism resulting in entrepreneurial activity in the rural areas of the Russian North (Vologda and Leningrad regions) were: 1) traditionally positive attitude to the phenomenon of women’s extra-family production activity in the population who did not know the serfdom (remote areas of the Vologda region); 2) the difficult economic situation in which women found themselves in post-perestroika Russia; 3) the realities of administrative and legal relations of modern liberal democratic society, in which there continue to be “glass” and “silver ceilings” for socially active women, as well as psychologically motivated desire of women entrepreneurs to overcome these barriers; 4) spiritual guidelines for the combination of production and material activities and work in the field of preservation and development of historical and cultural heritage of rural regions of the North of Russia, based on the clear understanding of the importance of spiritual culture for the reducing rural population.

Сообщество как данность и сообщество как процесс: стратегии изучения малых городов

Author(s): Agnieszka Pasieka / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

This paper discusses the functioning of an industrial museum located in New Britain, Connecticut. In the early twentieth century, New Britain was known as the Hardware Capital of the World. The curtailing and shutting down of factories, which began in the1970s, affected workers’ professional trajectories and social ties and also led to an ethnic reconfiguration of the urban realm. Conceived in the early 1990s, the New Britain Industrial Museum collects and exhibits photos and items that used or continue to beproduced in the city. Documenting the changing landscape of the industry and, through that, of the city itself, the museum emphasizes the city’s and its inhabitants’ potential. In doing so, it strives to serve as a bridge between the city’s past, present, and future. Attending to the employees’ and volunteers’ (ex-factory workers’) narratives and museum exhibits, this essay asks to what extent the museum facilitates the accommodation of postindustrial changes and to what extent it reinforces nostalgia for old times. How does it respond to the new challenges faced by the city? And how does it address new ethnic and class distinctions?

Сообщество как данность и сообщество как процесс: стратегии изучения малых городов

Author(s): Greg Yudin,Ivan Pavlyutkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

Community studies in social sciences tend to treat community as a given object with structural characteristics to be revealed. This approach is particularly adopted by researchers of local communities, including small towns. However, it is questionable whether all spatially localized social aggregates can be rightfully called communities.This paper argues that even though this approach has a long tradition in social sciences, it cannot deal adequately with the key issue of integration and disintegration of communities. The authors rely on classical sociological theory to suggest a strategy of analysis that pays attention to the dynamics of social cohesion and considers communities from the standpoint of unification processes. Building on empirical data gathered during ourstudies of Russian small towns, the authors indicate several mechanisms of consolidation that support the cohesion of communities.

Софийското градско пространство : власт и преживяване за власт

Author(s): Dobrinka Valkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2001

Социална динамика на конструирането на Другия. Възприятията на младите хора за младежките субкултури и културното многообразие

Author(s): Ireri Armenta,Vihra Barova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

This paper discusses the dynamics of the construction of culture from the viewpoint ofyoung adults. These dynamics can be identified both at a macro level, across cultures,and at a micro level, within cultures. Essentialist view of culture as monolithic entitywith fixed values, beliefs and behaviors is a construct that seems to reproduce inthe formation of the image of the Other. Subcultures are contrasted with the socalled norms of mainstream culture, a view which denies the fluidity of culture asa dynamic social construct which can lead to stereotyping and prejudice againstpersons (Holliday 2011). In the fields of sociology and cultural studies, Othernessis related to the construction of identities. It rests on social and cultural hierarchiesand relations of power. “Strangers” are socially produced (Bauman 1998) and theirOtherness reflects the established categories of race, gender and class.The presented study allowed us to unravel the tensions arising from the Us-Them divide, which often leads to discrimination and prejudice. This qualitativeinvestigation explores young adults’ perceptions of subcultures and cultural diversitywith the use of interviews and critical incidents to approach the interviews. In thediscussion of critical incidents, or short stories (Arthur 2001), Bulgarian and Mexicanstudents were seen to relate their own stories to those of the subcultural and foreignOther, thus creating a reflective vision about the cultural difference. The discussionsdemonstrate the invention of successful strategies for avoiding stigmatization,stereotyping and discrimination. On the contrary, their discussions were conduciveto acceptance of differences regarding cultural formation and cultural display(Delanty 2009). The participants raised their voices against discourses that deny thecosmopolitan value of openness and respect, and equal rights of freedom of persons.

Социалната отговорност като политика на устойчиво потребление

Author(s): Nadia Mironova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Social responsibility as a policy of matching stakeholder interests has many dimensions. On the one hand, it is the social responsibility of the business. On the other hand, it is the policy of the government to promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption. A third party is the individual consumer behavior predetermined by the above two in addition to psychological, cultural and behavioral factors. The purpose of this report is to support the development of policies that promote sustainable consumer behavior.

Социалната отговорност на бизнеса като атестат за добро корпоративно управление

Author(s): Galina Kurteva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The social responsibility of small and medium-sized enterprises, regarded as the implementation of activities that benefit both business and society and help to maximize the positive impact of business on society, is a current and less explored topic. The article presents the results of the study of three aspects of the manifestation of corporate social responsibility in Bulgaria – the employment of young people and disabled persons and the training of employees. The author’s views of the impact of the social activities of companies on their competitiveness are revealed.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ РЕАЛЬНОСТЬ СЕЛЬСКОЙ СЕМЬИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН: МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ ИЗМЕРЕНИЕ

Author(s): Ch. I. Ildarkhanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2014

The article considers the results of the sociological research of the Centre for Family and Demography of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, reflecting the state of household and socio-demographic resources of a country family, and cooperation of villagers of Drozhzhanovskiy municipal region of the Republic of Tatarstan. The author presents life and agricultural strategies of active rural population. A country family is considered in the light of the achievement of its sustainability by means of various social practices, including the risky ones, like commutation. Modeling of social reality on the example of a municipal region of the Republic of Tatarstan reflects the integration of innovative approaches of housing and agriculture. Centering of all existing and appearing networks of a country family fundamentally changes the logic and the value component of the place of territorial units of the region. Contrary to the logic that presupposes the assessment of the value of an object according to its scale, the author supposes that a village modernization assessment should start with the lowerest part, not on the macro- but on the micro-level.

Социальное настроение сельских жителей в условиях пандемии COVID-19: гендерные аспекты

Author(s): Marina Yurievna Milovanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2022

The growing territorial and regional inequality, depopulation of Russia and the gender imbalance are defined in the article as an environment for social sentiment in rural areas. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, uncontrolled information flows, its inclusivity and media construction acted as a catalyst for changing social sentiment, taking the form of new fears, stress, and depression. The author’s hypothesis about the shock period of 2020, which modified social interactions and everyday practices of not rural people but big-city residents first of all, was confirmed and laid out in the content of the article. Sociological studies of the Eurobarometer and VCIOM, their methods of social sentiment indices as an integral indicator, current legal and statistical sources were the empirical base of assessment of rural people social mood. The author conducted a gender analysis of the data obtained under the project of RSF “Precariat: a new phenomenon in the socio-economic structure of society”. The conclusion is made about the qualitative characteristics of the social mood, represented by the growth of the life dissatisfaction level, more radical socio-political assessments of rural residents, their insufficient “rainy-day fund”, emotional anxiety and fragility of the personal and family future as a possible scenario. Talking about social security, a gender specificity in favor of women and a higher degree of social optimism among women than men as rural residents were revealed.

СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ САМОЧУВСТВИЕ РАБОТАЮ Щ ИХ МАТЕРЕЙ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ

Author(s): T. V. Blinova,A. A. Vyal’shina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

The article investigates problems of combining paid employment and maternity. The theoretical approaches presented in the economic and sociological literature explaining the conflict of social roles of women’s “work and maternity” are analyzed. The differences in the positions of rural and urban mothers with children in the labor market are estimated. The empirical base of the study is the data of 26 waves (2017) of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey RLMS-HSE. The article discusses the socio-demographic and economic factors that promote and hinder the effective combination of work and motherhood. It is noted that discrimination of working mothers in the labor market is not a new form of social inequality. It is shown that the risk of unemployment increases with the increase in the number of children in the family. It is concluded that rural women are highly concerned about the risks of job loss, difficulties in employment and low material well-being of families. At the same time, working mothers living in rural areas are more satisfied with life than urban women. It is concluded that it is necessary to strengthen the social protection of women with children, increase their employment opportunities and develop the social services market in rural areas.

Социально-культурный потенциал города в оценках его жителей (на примере города Махачкалы)

Author(s): Èlʹdar Magomedovich Èlʹdarov,Zoja Alekseevna Trifonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 10/2013

The sociocultural potential of the capital of the Republic of Dagestan (Russia) - the city of Makhachkala is estimated. The evaluation was based on revealing the degree of satisfaction of Makhachkala residents with the level of development of the institutes of the sociocultural sphere of their city and analysis of statistical indicators of the functioning of its institutions of culture, education, media and religion. A number of experts were interviewed and the questionnaire was polled by 500 Makhachkala residents in 2008 and 2010. It is concluded that the use of cultural institutions in this city is not effective and requires adjustments, taking into account the development trends of modern urban communities.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ КОНСТРУКТИВИЗМ И ЗНАЧЕНИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЬНОГО В ЭКСПЛИКАЦИИ ПОНЯТИЯ «РЕГИОН»

Author(s): Elena Valentinova Golovneva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

This paper considers the main approaches to the definition of the concept “region”. The scientific research of this term is supposed to reveal the tendency to sophistication of the concept “region” due to the emphasizing the subjective elements in it`s structure. The author concludes about the importance of the ideas of constructivism in the ontological status of region as well as the relevancy of the material factor in the conceptualization of the region.

Социальный состав учеников уездных училищ Казанской губернии в первой половине XIX века

Author(s): Guzel Vazykhovna Ibneyeva,Aisylu Ilgizovna Shakirova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

In this paper, changes that took place in the social structure of district school students in the Kazan governorate during the first half of the 19th century were analyzed. It was shown that the social representation of district school students in the region under consideration changed under the influence of the government policy on education. With the help of numerous archival clerical documents, a complex study was performed to reconstruct the social image of a typical student attending any of the district schools in the Kazan governorate of that time. Based on the results of the comparative analysis of the available archival sources, a percentage ratio of students from different social classes was determined. Changes in the size of each social class were determined using mathematical methods. It was concluded that district schools of the Kazan governorate during the first half of the 19th century saw a gradual increase in the number of students representing various social classes (lower middle class, merchants, and peasants) from both urban and rural areas. At the same time, a rise in the number of students coming from the privileged social classes was also detected.

СОЦИЈАЛНА ВИТАЛНОСТ У ИСТРАЖИВАЊУ РУРАЛНОГ РАЗВОЈА

Author(s): Jovana M. Čikić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 143/2013

Rural community development is one of the central rural sociological concepts. The idea itself deserves double attention: from the point of its theoretical foundation and from the perspective of the need to be operationalized because of research and rural development planning. In this paper, the idea of rural development is being approached from the aspect of social vitality as a new/old concept. The concept of social vitality is being defined and operationalized in order to indicate the possibilities of this concept as an analytical tool for researching rural development.

СОЦИЈАЛНОЕКОЛОШКИ ОКВИРИ СОЦИЈАЛНОГ КАПИТАЛА У ВОЈВОДИНИ

Author(s): Ljubinko Pušić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2006

This paper discusses the general problem of territorialization and the special problems of cultural-genetical conditions in the sociological construction of social capital. The starting base is presented by the fact that a connection between the social-ecological conditions of an environment and social capital is historical, permanent and crucial. High and continuous growing level of urbanization in Vojvodina shows the prevailing of urban society inside of which the social capital is being formed. However, in the conditions of social transition also appear controversial relations which exert influence on the creation and functioning of social capital. Social-economical structure of the urban population in Vojvodina and the governing systems of values do not necessary product also the urban way of life, which therefore exerts influence on the quality of social capital.

СОЦИОЛОГИЈА СЕЉАЧКОГ ДРУШТВА СРЕТЕНА ВУКОСАВЉЕВИЋА: ЗНАЧАЈ ПРИМАРНОГ ИСКУСТВА ЗА РАЗУМЕВАЊЕ СЕЛА И СЕЉАКА

Author(s): Božo Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: Sp. Iss/2012

In this paper it is explained the significance of Sreten Vukosavljevic for establishment of rural sociology among Serbs, as well as his endowment for sociological understanding of specificities of the “peasant society“. Given that he is a sociologist who has collected and analyzed extensive empirical material about Serbian village, in this paper we explain the actuality of Vukosavljevic’s specific approach to gathering of scientific data about village and their valid theoretical systematization.

Социолошки аспект дјела Вука Стефановића Караџића

Author(s): Vladimir Ostojić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2020

In this paper, the author points to the sociological aspect of the work of Vuk Karadžić. He considers Vuk's attitude towards sociology and his contribution to the sociology of the Serbian people through disciplines: a) social morphology and b) rural sociology. The author devoted special attention to Vuk's research method and research technique. The author will also try to answer the question: How much is Vuk's influence on contemporary Serbian sociology?

СОЦИОПСИХОЛОШКЕ КАРАКТЕРИСТИКЕ И СИСТЕМ ВРЕДНОСТИ МЛАДИХ HA СЕЛУ

Author(s): Zorica Kuburić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1998

In the present paper the author reports the results of investigations of some sociopsychological characteristics of rural youngs, with special reference to empathy and religiousness, as well as the system of values of the young and their parents. To asses emotional sensitivity SEE scale (Mehrabian & Epstein. 1972) was used, while for the assessment of religiousness and lifestyle a special scale was constructed to be used form the investigations. as well as open-type questions that allowed for qualitative analysis of responses. The investigations were carried out on the sample of young people 14-30 years old who live in the villages of Dvorane. Petina, Poljaci and Lovci, at the foot of Mt. Jastrebac. not far from Kruševac. The sample included 150 young persons who answered the questions from questionnaire individually during the summer of 1997.