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Прчањ

Author(s): Niko Luković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 04+05/1934

Протеже се на поданку шумовитог Врмца у дужини од четири километра уз морску обалу насупрот Доброти, с којом је у прошлости дијелио једнаку судбину.Складни домови, саграђени са много укуса, на први поглед одавају раније благостање и културу становника, коју је запазио и Лати (Pierre Loti) и многи други страни и домаhи путописци. Варошица се спомиње у которским исправама почевши од ХIII вијека, и то под овим именима: Perzano, Percana, Parcana, Parsiana, Percagna.)

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Доброта, и њене знаменитости.

Author(s): A. Milošević,Gracija Ivanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 04+05/1934

Poznato je, da je Boka Kotorska krasan morski zaliv, - nije lako opisati njegove krasote. Utisak koji prvi put na stranca putnika učini ulazak u ovu našu divnu Boku neizbrisiv je; a za pogled sa Lovćena na zaliv, razne uvale i otvoreno more, kažu ljudi koji su obašli cijeli svijet, da ovakovu panoramu nisu nigdje vidjeli, pa iz obog čarobnog kraja - gdje se je zbilja, kako lijepo reče naš Ljubiša, priroda igrala kad je svoje čudesno djelo na mahove stvarala, - nose sobom u daleki zavičaja najbolju i najljepšu uspomenu.

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Rumänien - Stadtsanierung a la Ceausescu. Ein Bildbericht

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 23/1986

Die Bauarbeiten für das Bukarester „Bürgerzentrum“, in Wahrheit ein megalomanisches Bonzenzentrum, schreiten im selben Takt voran, in dem ansonsten die rumänische Wirtschaft hinter die Planziele fällt. Aber für Ceausescus Größenwahnprojekt wird eben alles an Ressourcen, was so dringend etwa im Wohnungsbau benötigt würde, zur Verfügung gestellt. Wie wir bereits in gegenstimmen 17/1984 berichteten, soll rund ein Sechstel der Bukarester Altstadt zugunsten eines „grandiosen und schillernden Bauvorhabens“ der Spitzhacke zum Opfer fallen: Um ein "Haus der Republik", das - laut Agerpres, der rumanischen Presseagentur — „ein monumentaler Bau (ist), der das Ganze überragen und den Sitz des Zentralkomitees der rumänischen KP, des Staatsrates und der Regierung beherbergen wird“, wird ein riesiger halbrunder Platz angelegt; die Einrahmung an den anderen Seiten bilden dann die Nationalbibliothek, die Ministerien und andere Zentralbehörden.

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СЪВРЕМЕННИЯТ ГРАД КАТО СРЕДИЩЕ НА ФЕСТИВАЛИЗАЦИЯТА

Author(s): Maya Keliyan / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article examines the process of festivalization of the contemporary city, which leads not only to a reconstruction of the lifestyle, but also to a change of basic characteristics of the festivals themselves both their own nature and the understanding of them. In the postmodern city, due to significant structural changes in its economy, services are becoming a leading industry. This directs the efforts of local authorities and businesses towards the development of tourism and the stimulation of leisure industries. The phenomenon of „new urban festivals“, understood as part of the creative economy, is emerging. „Urban marketing“ turns the city into an event center where festivals are a daily occurrence. Gradually, not only leisure, which has been transformed into a kind of „festival consumption“, but also the lifestyle, which is captive to consumer culture, commercialization and endless events, are becoming festivalized. The understanding of a festival is also being rethought, as the latter loses the „exclusivity“ and festivity attributed to it as essential characteristics: it becomes an everyday and mass event, an „endless series of events“. Local festivals, as expressions of the activity of the local community, of its identity and solidarity between local people, become an arena of business initiatives and interests. Thus, they lose their socially significant role both in the lifestyle of individuals and for the community. Often, in order to justify or disguise the business orientation of local festivals, emphasis is placed on their role in the development of local culture, on their supposed educational functions or charitable activities. The text examines the festivalization of Plovdiv, the second largest city in Bulgaria. The city has all the features to become a center of festival industries: a rich history since ancient times, preserved archaeological monuments, important cultural sites from the Renaissance, museums, galleries, traditions in fine arts, music, theater, etc. In 2019, the city was the European Capital of Culture and since then it has become a center of festivalization and a typical example of the development of this process in Bulgarian society. In the article are analyzed some of the results of an empirical sociological survey carried out with qualitative methods within the project „Local festivals: a resource of local communities to deal with crises“ financed by the Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Education and Science (KP 06 H45/5 of 30.11.2020). It is about in depth interviews with festival organizers, representatives of local government, local business and NGOs conducted in the period June October 2021 and during the summer of 2023, as well as participated observations of festivals. A number of documents were also studied, such as cultural programs of the municipality, programs of local festivals, interviews of festival organizers and local administrators in the media, and other sources.

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Politikat e zhvillimit të zonave rurale dhe të defavorizuara – nevoja për konceptime bashkëkohore

Author(s): Shkelzen Marku,Tomi Treska / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1/2009

Albania has a population of 3.13 million inhabitants, 54% of which lives in rural areas. The development of Albanian economy has had a relatively good progress the recent years with a growth of 5-7% annually. Among the main factors that brought and preserved this relatively high level of growth are the reforms in privatisation, liberalisation of trade, a high fiscal discipline, a relatively educated work force that is capable of utilising market opportunities as well as the rapid growth of a sustainable financial sector. Rural areas cover 2/3 of the territory, while the disfavoured areas (even though there is not an official definition yet), are estimated to cover about 65% of the territory of the country. In these areas live about 1/3 of the population with almost 50% of farmland (compared to 56% of the total farmland in EU countries). Based on the outcomes of policies implemented so far, a new development approach is necessary for these areas, which will offer more efficient solutions with quicker balancing and integrating effects. The challenges this areas face require more “holistic” and integrated methods for a sustainable and socio-economically balanced development, based on the experience of approaches adopted by many developed EU countries, based on the contemporary concept of territorial development.

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Loïc Wacquant, Misère de l’ethnographie de la misère. Raisons d’agir, coll. Bourdieu in the City: Challenging Urban Theory

Author(s): Mihai-Dinu Gheorghiu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 52/2023

Review of: Loïc Wacquant, Misère de l’ethnographie de la misère. Raisons d’agir, coll. Cours et travaux, Paris, 20231 ; Bourdieu in the City: Challenging Urban Theory, Polity Press, Cambridge, 2023.

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La graniţa dintre periferie şi centru Metodă de intervenție într-o zonă hibridă de tip fringe-belt, în Bucureşti

Author(s): Silvia-Georgiana Puşcaşu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 15/2023

Contemporary architectural projects respond to contemporary requirements and address new types of users, but, above all, they fit into the context of the city undergoing transformation. In particular, metropolitan areas are progressively adopting an institutional role, of economic power and cultural attractiveness. The development processes to which the urban organism is subjected can create problems of continuity and coherence from an architectural-urbanistic point of view. A result of these transformations is the periphery of the center, an area of peripheral tissue initially located on the edge that was integrated, over time, in the central area and which, by increasing the value of the large land located in the new configuration, attracts pressures of urban intervention. For a coherent intervention, a good understanding of this process and the physical context under discussion is necessary. In this sense, urban morphology provides a language and a repertoire of elements that become working tools for specialists. Contemporary urban restructuring follows the principles of porosity on a polycentric model, a context in which these centers are interpreted as urban nodes that can acquire a polar character, respectively of attractiveness at the city level. More than a possible process, in the case of the central periphery, a phenomenon of integration, assimilation and intensification will be observed based on the principles of nodality and, subsequently, polarity, a phenomenon associated with an urban form of border belt and defined by the fringe-belt concept. In this paper, I will review and verify the applicability of these concepts through the analysis of the urban model of the city of Bucharest, complementary methods of addressing contemporary challenges will be correlated and this approach will be applied in a site located in the central area, a fringe-type hybrid area - belt with development opportunities. The presented project is the result of the study for the diploma project, Forum Haşdeu: academic platform in a hybrid fringe-belt area, in Bucharest.

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Culoarea în arhitectură de la însușire materială la concept cromatic

Author(s): Adrian Petre-Spiru / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 15/2023

In an overview of color, in its various forms of appropriation or expression, this is an integral element of the environment, represented by the living organisms of the natural environment and by different man-made creations. Color has always been a key of importance in the evolutionary processes of the human habitat, influencing people’s emotional states from the first forms of shelters to the huge urban concepts. The environment and its diverse colors, with which it naturally appears to us, are perceived by human intelligence through objective or subjective processing and judgment of visual information. This information, complemented by communication, can influence the psyche in the processes of analysis, presentation and objective materialization. The effects are substantially generated by the external appearance of the volume, expressed by colors, with a decisive role for the context of which it is part. This paper studies color as an attribute of the natural environment, but also as an intervention of human activity, truly important to achieve aesthetic or decorative values, but especially to satisfy the needs on whose existence human evolution may depend on. Part of the color study will be approached in a comparative manner, between the natural and urban environment, on various important directions of specific fields, where human decision can improve, alter or destroy the image of the architectural object or the urban one. The relationship between the two environments will also be touched upon, through which the building can achieve a visual and functional connection, integrating sustainably through form, adapted materials and associated colors. This research starts with the study of the psychological effects of colors in the field of architecture, with a focus on the role of the creator to influence the viewer’s perception through the organized and coherent use of a chromatic palette, the ultimate goal being the acquisition of studied ways of applying shades indifferent contexts, through various textures.

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Proiecte transnaționale de circularitate urbană, tranziție verde și dezvoltarea inovativă a orașelor, finanțate prin instrumentele jpi urban europe și parteneriatul dut

Author(s): Adrian Ibric / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 15/2023

The applied research for the development of the quality of urban life around Europe has been and continues to be a priority funding area of the European Commission. JPI Urban Europe is one of the instruments through which financial support has been granted in urban innovation, in order to ensure the green transition of city components from polluting elements to ecological ones, respectively from linear models of consumption, exploitation and operation to circular urban systems. A particularity of this programme is the transnational approach to the projects, which is reflected both in the diversity of the location of the study cases, the types of partners involved (private, institutional, non-governmental) but also in the way in which the funding is granted, through common budgets of the national development funding agencies, which are sometimes doubled by non-reimbursable monetary assistance from the European Union. The article chronologically summarizes the JPI Urban Europe calls, from the first competition (2012) upto 2023, namely the launch of a new and successor funding formula, integrated in Horizon Europe – the DUT Partnership (Driving Urban Transitions) and the relevant funded projects. The winning applications covered the topics imposed by the programme, from circularity and urban transition, to climate neutrality, energy-positive neighborhoods, sustainable urban accessibility and sustainable cities in general, examples of how cities face current challenges such as increasing the density of housing in the urban environment, increasing costs of execution and operation of infrastructure, including construction, mitigating the effects of climate change, migration, etc. Among the conclusions and innovations resulting from the implemented projects, the following are standing out: the increase in the understanding and capacity of citizens to support the transition to a more resilient and efficient urban environment in terms of consumption, in participatory, innovative ways and through transnational communities, but also the synergies between specialists, urban users, administration and investors. All these have led to new concepts such as the 15-minute cities or novel solutions for circular urban economies.

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КУЛТУРА ДРУШТВЕНИХ ОДНОСА РУРАЛНОГ СТАНОВНИШТВА ТАРЕ

Author(s): Miloš Matić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 82/2018

The culture of social relations and social organization in developed societies, although traditional, represents a very wide complex of separate topics. Therefore, in this paper, I focus on key social relations and organizations, such as family and family relations, village organization, neighborhoods, and so on. The aim of the paper is to provide enough ethnographic data on the culture of the social organization in order to make an insight into the basic structural relations of the rural population of Tara. As a framework for systemic foundation of this work, the structure of a traditional rural society was taken into account, considering the processes of transformation during the second half of the 20th century. The work also included a cultural unification inherent in modern society, with an attempt to understand the specific integration of peasantry into the wider modern society of Serbia. Ethnographic data were derived from targeted ethnographic research, primarily carried out in villages within Tara National Park, as well as surrounding villages for comparison. Various data were cited from the literature.

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Upotreba foto-elicitacije u sociologiji: kontekstualizacija siromaštva i društvene isključenosti

Author(s): Sanja Bojanić,Jelena Ćeriman,Sara Nikolić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2023

In sociological research, photography is most commonly used to supplement presented data and less frequently as a data collection technique. This paper focuses on using photography to examine the gender aspect of poverty in rural areas of Serbia. Through the application of photo-elicitation, data were collected in field research during 2015 in Serbia. The data include photographs taken by girls and women beneficiaries of social services. Additionally, they incorporate the notes on the motives and interpretation of the photographs taken, along with transcripts of interviews conducted with the photographers a month after the photography sessions. The research has shown that photography, as a medium, connects the emotional experiences of poverty among research participants with the factual conditions of their lives in material deprivation and isolation. Consequently, it offers the possibility of articulating diverse meanings of poverty. The diversity of meanings of poverty is evident in the specific social categories to which the interviewees in this study belong, such as persons with disabilities, for example. Based on the findings of this research, the use of photo-elicitation emerges as particularly significant in sociological studies that involve the exploration of subjective meanings and experiences of specific population groups, such as girls and women living in poverty in rural areas of Serbia.

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Sotsiaalsed bandiidid linnaruumis - Tänavakunst ja aastatuhandevahetuse kommunikatiivne pööre protestikultuuris

Author(s): Margus Tamm / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 01+02/2024

The article discusses the politics of contemporary street art. The analysis builds on the characteristic contradiction in the core of street art: it is both illegal and popular. It can be considered both vandalism and institutionally celebrated art. In the popular media, the legitimacy of street art is often reduced to the question: ‘Is it art?’ I argue that such a question is of secondary importance and limits the discussion. To delve deeper into the public stance of street art, I offer the theoretical framework of deliberative democracy, supplemented by the legal philosopher Daniel Markovits’s notion of democratic disobedience and the social historian Eric Hobsbawm’s concept of social banditry. For more precise analysis, I distinguish between street art and graffiti. By graffiti I refer to the subculturally coded visual practice that emerged from the 1970s hip-hop scene; by street art, I am referring to unsanctioned public art that emerged a couple of decades later and is characterised by wider popular appeal, accessible visual language and inclusive humour.

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A New York of Their Own: A Romanian Sacred Space in the City

Author(s): Mona Momescu / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2023

Based on an archive unexplored so far, namely that of the St.Dumitru Romanian Orthodox Church in Manhattan (Romanian Orthodox Parish “St. Dumitru”), the paper reflects on the complicated history of the Romanian-American community shaped its modern identity, and its relations to New York City, the official, other communities, and with the “old country” (Romania), within a decade (1939-1949).It also examines how the new identity of the community was supported by the Romanian-American sacred space, and how this became a matrix of language and culture preservation and transformation, of political and social consciousness, and of post-WW II engagement with ethnic and political injustice.

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Istraživanje grada hodanjem

Author(s): Valentina Gulin Zrnić,Mirna Tkalčić Simetić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2024

This paper deals with walking as an ethnographic technique, a way of knowing and being in the world, and as an entry point into understanding the rhythms and ways of moving through transit public spaces (streets and sidewalks). In our long-term cultural anthropological research of Zagreb, we rely, among other methods, on a walking ethnography of the city. In this paper, we present several of its constituents: co-walking interviews, solitary walks, and co-researcher co-walking conversations. The focus on walking expands the domain of the epistemological position, fundamentally grounded in the possibilities of the walking thinking body to know through (multi)perception with co-creation. The discussion relies on insights gained from walking through the center of Zagreb in the post-earthquake period, where encounters with the transformed materiality of the city and the necessary adjustments in movement and rhythm of walking are intertwined with changes in experiencing the city, the possibilities of imagining its future and the transformation of political subjectivity.

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Dziedzictwo kulturowe w programach edukacyjnych pomorskich gospodarstw agroturystycznych należących do Sieci Zagród Edukacyjnych

Author(s): Anna Wiśniewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 67/2023

Due to its seaside location and unique natural and cultural qualities, the Pomeranian Voivodeship has excellent conditions for the development of agritourism – for many years it has been one of the top agricultural regions in Poland. In the face of stiff competition, Pomeranian farmers noticed the opportunity of developing their farms through educational activities. Some of them, 26 entities, joined the National Network of Educational Farms (operating since 2011) and offer, among others, 72 individualized educational programs related to cultural heritage. The research covered all farms offering the above-mentioned programs. The analysis was conducted in five categories, ie: customs and rituals, regional education, vanishing professions, traditional cuisine and handicrafts. For 31% of farms, cultural education was the basis of the educational offer and was treated as a pil-lar of building competitive advantage, for the remaining farms cultural heritage was just one of the elements of the offer. The material heritage of the Pomeranian countryside is present mainly in programs classified as regional education. During the classes, the participants were familiarized with local architecture, monuments, memorials, museum exhibits, but also with local natural heritage and cultural landscape. In the programs presenting customs, rituals and handicrafts, Kashubian, Kociewie and Żuławy patterns were the most popular and featured in offered schemes for learning Kashubian language, embroidery, weaving, pottery, wickerwork, folk art, dance, singing and regional cuisine. Folklore activity of folk bands and artists could be also noticed in the offer of the farms. Culinary education classes based on regional traditions have been run in some farms. Organizing Kashubian culinary feasts with local folklore has become a very popular element of the offer. In nine farms, pro-grams have been developed to familiarize people with traditional crafts and so-called professions that are disappearing, i.e. miller, fisherman, potter, milkmaid, wicker worker or beekeeper. A wide range of educational facilities of farms, i.e. stables, barns, cowsheds, granaries, sheds, cheese factories, back-yard bakeries, beekeeping and craft workshops has been useful in organizing these activities. Most of the farms offered several educational programs organized in the form of one-day workshops, shows, talks and open-air events addressed mainly to organized groups of children and school youth. Classes have been conducted not only by the farmers but also by folk artists and local animators of culture

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A BABY BOOM IN BRATISLAVA: EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND CITIZENS’ QUALITY OF LIFE IN A SMART CITY

Author(s): Tomáš Ruc,Andrea Čajková / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This article critically examines the possibilities and limits of self-government in the field of primary education. The theoretical basis consists of the analysis of relevant legal regulations, thanks to which a logical legal framework is created. Subsequent research involves a practical comparison of the possibilities of self-government in the case of statutory rules of primary education. The aim of the article is to provide a case study of the implementation of school policy from the point of view of the selected self-government of the municipalities of the Bratislava region.

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Integrated management of development in Functional Urban Areas. The case of metropolitan areas in Slovenia

Author(s): Justyna Danielewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2024

Metropolisation and globalisation have had a significant influence on space and development, both in terms of the physical and social aspects of the environment. Metropolitan areas have become engines of development, centres of economic activity, innovation, and culture, attracting people and businesses from all over the world. How-ever, this concentration of people and activities has also resulted in significant challenges concerning management of their sustainable development. Most of today’s challenges are spread across administrative borders and working at the level of the metropolitan area can help develop innovative solutions that benefit the wider functional urban are-as. Many of the problems faced by territories cut across sectors and effective solutions require an integrated approach to managing the development of functional urban areas (FUAs) and cooperation between the various authorities and stakeholders involved. The aim of this study is to evaluate the degree to which an integrated approach to develop-ment management is used in the management of metropolitan areas in Slovenia. The research focuses on FUAs of Ljubljana and Maribor. The results show that policy makers understand the need for integrated planning and management on a supralocal level. Local authorities commonly cooperate with each other using legitimate forms of institutional-ising inter-municipal cooperation.

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Soviet Utopia vs. systemic transformation: Development paths of mono-functional industrial towns in Georgia

Author(s): Julia Kaczmarek-Khubnaia / Language(s): English Issue: 68/2024

The article aims to compare the development paths of selected industrial mo-no-functional towns of Georgia, considering, in particular, the changes that occurred af-ter the country regained independence. The spatial scope includes four monotowns of Georgia: Chiatura, Kaspi, Tkibuli and Rustavi. The time frame of the detailed analysis, based on population data, covers the period 1922–2021 (in examining the changes that occurred in Chiatura and Tkibuli, reference was also made to the period prior to Georgia’s incorporation into the Soviet Union). Based on the research conducted using the case study and desk research methods, the article presents the possible directions of develop-ment of the monotowns in Georgia, which were identified based on the assumptions of path dependency theory. In the detailed results, the characteristic features of the units were indicated, and their development paths were presented (both in the Soviet period and after 1991). The study was concluded by assigning the towns to the priorly extracted variants of the development paths after 1991 (variants A and B).

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Atrakcyjność do zamieszkania miast na prawach powiatu w Polsce przed pandemią COVID-19 i po – perspektywa lokalnych rynków pracy i rynków nieruchomości mieszkaniowych

Author(s): Alicja Zakrzewska-Półtorak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 70/2024

The article presents changes in housing attractiveness in 66 cities with district rights in Poland as at the end of 2022 compared to the end of 2019. Using the method of comparative anal-ysis, simple statistical methods (the method of indicators, the ranking method) and the descriptive method, changes in the values of selected variables regarding local labor markets and residential real estate were examined against the background of population changes. The COVID-19 pandemic and its consequences, including: remote work, searching for places to live with a high quality of life or cheaper housing properties has resulted in an increase in interest in some cities, which provides a chance for population growth. During the period under study, this had an impact on the results for some groups of cities divided into quartiles in terms of population changes, while in the case of others, certain symptoms were noticed that may develop in the future. The determinants of the increase in the housing attractiveness of cities may be expansive local housing policy and friendly policy towards investors.The observed changes were also influenced by the inflow of people from Ukraine, especially present in the largest cities and those located close to the eastern border of Poland. Among the cities with district rights, 29 are medium-sized cities (approx. 44% of the surveyed cities), in the 3rd quartile (low population decline), there are 8 medium-sized cities (mainly with a developed tourist function or being part of the Upper Silesian Agglomeration), in the 4th quartile (very low population decline or increase) there were 2 medium-sized cities. Cities, in order to stop the depopulation trend and the loss of functions, must attract people. An opportunity, among others, cities located in the east of the country experienced an influx of immigrants from Ukraine. However, in order to maintain this tendency, it is necessary to pursue a local housing policy and have a clear strategy towards investors. Students and graduates can also be a stimulant, provided that attractive conditions for living (staying) in the city are created, related to the potential of the local labor market and the local housing real estate market.

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Planowanie rozwoju systemu transportowego Kopenhagi w ramach Kommuneplan 2019 w świetle koncepcji zrównoważonej mobilności

Author(s): Jakub Sokołowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 70/2024

One of the key challenges of the 21st century is the increasing level of urbanisation, which, combined with the growth of the urban population, creates difficulties in urban management, espe-cially in the field of transport use and organisation. The answer to this is the concept of sustainable mobility, which aims to optimise the management and planning of the development of a city’s trans-port system while moving away from a sectoral approach, i.e. considering issues on only one level (in this case, the economic aspects). Instead, a holistic approach is proposed, focusing on multifaceted measures that include environmental and social issues in addition to economic ones. One example of the application of such an approach is Kommuneplan 2019, defining Copenhagen’s development plans for the period 2019–2031. The subject of this article is an analysis of Kommuneplan 2019, a document outlining Copenhagen’s development plans, focusing on transport issues in relation to the concept of sustainable mobility. The aim of the article is to present the guidelines of Kommune-plan 2019 on the issues of shaping the urban transport system in Copenhagen and to assess them in terms of the implementation of the sustainable mobility concept. The following research methods were used: desk research, critical document review, expert method and inference. The time horizon of the research is for the years 2019–2023.The work is divided into two parts. In the first, a literature re-view and an analysis of available documents regulating spatial planning in Copenhagen is carried out. In the second, the individual actions planned by the authors of Kommuneplan 2019 are presented and considered with a breakdown of their economic, environmental and social aspects. The conclusions of the paper focus on the use of a holistic approach taking into account non-economic issues (e.g. environmental and social) and focusing on the diversification of transport modes as necessary when aiming to put the concept of sustainable mobility into practice.

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