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HOW INDUSTRY REACTS TO SHOCKS: CASE OUT OF RUSSIAN CITIES

Author(s): Galina Khmeleva,Nicholay Tyukavkin,Liliya Kyabirovna Agaeva,Elena Alexandrovna Kurnosova,Svetlana Viktorovna Sviridova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Research of reactions of the city economics has always been of great interest to scientists. Firstly, the analysis helps the policy developers to take efficient measures to solve managerial problems. Secondly, in the era of globalization cities are by right considered centres of concentration of the industrial and labour potential of the country. This research makes an attempt to analyze the employment pattern in the manufacturing and extractive industry sectors in the period of economic shocks, assess the influencing factors in the Russian cities varying in size and geographical location, using the shift share analysis. The received results show that the sector of extraction and processing of natural resources is growing notwithstanding low oil prices and the sanction policy, but the number of employed in the manufacturing industry is decreasing. An important conclusion for management is considerable impact of the local government on ensuring a favourable economic structure. This research may become a basis for a discussion on the scope of powers of the local government in municipalities varying in size and geographical locations. Research of the issue of leadership and responsibility for prosperity of cities as national activity centres arouses particular interest in the time of crists or external impacts such as sanctions. Developing countries with authoritarian regime place the main emphasis on the state policy measures while the role of local government is often limited to development of territory infrastructure, local handcrafts, service industry. May be there is a need to deploy a “two-gear model” of local government powers and give the leading cities a possibility to take over solution of issues relating to the change of economic structure, industrial sector development for future prosperity.

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Trans-mountain Moonshine: Liquor, Identity, and Resistance in the Appalachian and Carpathian Mountains

Author(s): Emilie Peine / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl/2023

This paper discusses the role of the local production of liquor – or hooch – as a means of cultural reproduction and participation in the informal economy within rural areas, and what this has implied for both state control and local resistance. I examine these issues comparatively, looking at the informal production of moonshine in Appalachia, and ţuica in Carpathian Romania. A global comparative lens helps to illuminate the changing nature of state-society relations in the context of rural peripheries and the increasing globalization of local culture and lifeways.

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Valuing Women Entrepreneurship in the Informal Economy in Bangladesh

Author(s): Mohammad Mushfiqul Haque Mukit,Nusrat Jahan Nabila,Mohammad Safiqul Islam,Assim Ibrahim Abdel-Razzaq / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

The study aims to address issues related to valuing women entrepreneurship in the informal economy in Bangladesh. To achieve the above objective, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. The author reviewed several articles, research reports, and included face to face in-depth interviews of fifteen entrepreneurs. Moreover, the applied five-point Likert scale questionnaire responded 100 random entrepreneurs from the rural areas of Bangladesh to recognize the barriers in accessing financial institutions and figure out how financial inclusions can contribute more in the informal economy. The results of this study suggest that complicated loans process, high-interest rates, absence of a life skills program, lack of financial freedom for women and property rights, entrepreneurial paradox, absence of collaterals, financial institutions negligence, mismanagement of loans, lack of interactions with local successful entrepreneur and imbalance of family and professional promise are the major barriers in accessing financial institutions in Bangladesh. In addition, financial inclusions are required to bring about changes in their lives. The results of the study will help Bangladesh and other developing countries break down the barriers for women entrepreneurs and develop the business opportunities created by women. In this regard, future research will anticipate both urban and rural areas, with a larger sample and quantitative studies will be conducted.

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Digital Village Transformation: A Model for Relativizing Regional Disparities in the Republic of Serbia

Author(s): Aleksandar Manasijević,Marko Milojković,Dejan Mastilo / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The regional reality of the Republic of Serbia is characterized by strong regional disparities and adverse demographic trends. This situation is the result not only of inadequate actions of makers of macroeconomic policy and implementation of inefficient models of regional development in modern conditions, but of a long-term process of inheritance and deepening of regional disparities. The consequences of uneven regional development are numerous, and despite the economic ones, it is very important to emphasize the importance of non-economic consequences of uneven regional development. This primarily refers to the unfavorable demographic flows caused by the bipolarization of the state to the developed north and undeveloped south. Migratory trends in the Republic of Serbia can be observed in three different, however, interrelated processes. The first relates to migration from villages to cities, the second to migration from south to north and the third to migration directed beyond the borders of our country. These processes led to the extinction of the Serbian village and to the demographic emptying of the periphery of the Republic of Serbia. This is best supported by the fact that every fourth village is in the process of demographic disappearance, while every fourth agricultural resident of the Republic of Serbia is at risk of poverty. However, in the Zajecar district, the municipality of Sokobanja, one can notice the digital transformation of Vrmdža village, similar to the digital transformation of villages in developed countries. This transformation has attracted a large number of young families from this village doing business activities through the internet and modern digital technologies. The aim of this paper is to investigate the digital transformation of the village of Vrmdža by presenting a specific model of village transformation that can significantly contribute to the relativization of regional disparities in the Republic of Serbia.

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Město Most - laboratoř přešlapů v sociálním začleňování

Author(s): Martin Šimáček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2019

Most is one of a number of Czech cities particularly affected by social exclusion. Over the last 20 years or so, the number of socially excluded districts in the city has increased to six, with a combined population of over 5,000 persons. The increase is due principally to the immigration of poor people to the city, the numbers of whom increased significantly following the completion of the privatisation of the city's public housing stock. In order to successfully address the high level of social exclusion in the city, the local authority will have to start purchasing and managing apartments while, at the same time, adopting a more ambitious inclusion plan, including the expansion of the provision of social and debt counselling services. It must also be provided with adequate support from the government, which has, to date, failed to adequately support cities with high levels of social exclusion.

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Savremeni aspekti odnosa poljoprivrede i ruralnog razvoja

Author(s): Rodoljub Topić,Boris Spasojević / Language(s): Bosnian,English Issue: 2/2016

In most countries, agriculture represents a strategic economic sector. In developed countries, the share of agriculture in GDP amounts only to 2-3%, but this industry assists in development of other sectors as well: trade, tourism, chemical and mechanical/machine industry, etc. Nowadays, great attention is paid to environmental protection and production of quality products. Sustainability has become a key determinant of agricultural production. Modern agriculture is focused onto productive and intensive production, but also towards multifunctional development of rural areas. Implementation of integral rural development and new regional concept of development sublimates several objectives: economic and social progress, demographic stability, environmental and cultural heritage protection, etc. This development model is mainly introduced in developed countries, but also in developing countries. A greater scope of social problems, in addition to the production, is resolved by doing so,. However, the results of the rural development policy differ from one country to another. Today, methods for measurement of rurality have been developed. Agriculture and rural development are in constant interaction, but the advocates of direct support for agriculture continue to oppose territorial approach and subsidies for rural development.

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DELINIATION OF METROPOLITAN AREAS IN POLAND: A FUNCTIONAL APPROACH

Author(s): Bogna Gawrońska-Nowak,Piotr Lis,Olha Zadorozhna / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Delineation of urban functional areas helps policymakers and urban planners understand the connections between the core cities and areas surrounding them, and subsequently develop policies and solutions that can serve local populations. This article develops a readily applicable econometric method for delineation that considers functional aspects of cities and their surroundings. We perform delineation analysis using the data for 78 Polish core cities, grouping them by population size. Using the satellite data on lights emitted at night, population density, commuter numbers as well as the number of houses and apartments built in each commune, we apply a threshold regression model to determine the boundaries of functional urban areas. Our main results suggest that the mean radius of functional urban areas (FUAs) around the largest (most populous) cities is, on average, 21 km, while it is between 13 and 16 km for smaller cities. We then test how the econometric results compare with the perceptions of local inhabitants through a citizen science project (CSP) conducted as a robustness check.

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THEATER ARTISTS BETWEEN THE CITY AND THE NON-CITY: THE SPRING OF WITHDRAWALS AND RETURNS

Author(s): Ramunė Balevičiūtė,Agnė Jurgaitytė-Avižinienė / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In the West, theater has always been strongly associated with city culture and urbanization processes. By combining the methods and insights of the arts and psychology, the article aims to explore the impact of the city and non-city environments on the work of theater artists, to find out what happens when a creator withdraws from a usual city environment. Qualitative approach – case study analysis – is applied in this research by interviewing two theater artists. The research identified four meta-themes: move back and forth, together and separately, change of perspective, create a new universe. Analysis of the aforementioned themes revealed that withdrawal from the city, as from the usual creative space, is useful and productive for the theater artists, but becomes meaningful only when the latter come back to the city. The metaphor of the spring is suitable for describing this process: creativity is most stimulated by dynamics of withdrawals and returns, which determines the change of perspectives and, at the same time, creative states, rather than withdrawal from the city itself. Withdrawal provides impulses for new universes to emerge: both in the aesthetic plane of creation and in the psychological plane.

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RESTAURATORSKI PROCES SA REVALORIZACIJOM I REVERZIBILNOŠĆU NA PRIMJERU HISTORIJSKE GRAĐEVINE KINO CENTAR U TUZLI

Author(s): Nela Arapčić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2022

The restoration process as a measure of architectural heritage protection is based on a clearly defined methodology whose goal is to document, protect, use and present the protected property. This work includes recording and documenting the state of the Kino Centar facility in Tuzla, analysis in terms of revaluation and reversibility, and a proposal for measures to protect the facility in accordance with the principles of the conservation-restoration process as well as legal provisions in this area. In 2015, the Kino Centar facility was declared a national monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It has not been in use since the beginning of the 1990s and, due to various factors, it has been brought to a bad and partially dilapidated state. Kino Centar is characterized by the memory and spirit of the place ("genius loci"), which still arouse emotions among older residents, while this relationship with the younger generations is impossible due to the lack of visual and physical contact with the object. The project envisages "protection before protection", i.e. rehabilitation with reinforcements as well as protection of the historical "shell" of the building. and after that, the adaptation and organization of the building in such a way as to return it to its original purpose, but also to enable its use for other appropriate purposes, which would make maximum use of the facility's capabilities and enrich the offer of cultural content in the inner city core. Previously, for the purposes of the project, historical sources were researched and documented, testifying to the authenticity of the object and its importance in the context of the development of the city.

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ZGRADA STARE PEKARE U LUKAVCU – VALORIZACIJA, ZAŠTITA I KORIŠTENJE DOBRA KULTURNO-HISTORIJSKE BAŠTINE

Author(s): Dželila Begić,Semir Hadžimusić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2022

With the establishment of the Austro-Hungarian administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina, accelerated urbanization continues in previously formed settlements, while, on the other hand, completely new settlements are formed in suitable places that are always conditioned by the proximity of necessary raw materials. Although it is true that the existence of Gornji and Donji Lukavac dates back to the medieval period, industrial development at a slightly more distant location began with the construction of an ammonia soda factory in 1893, whichbecame the generator of the development of a new part of the city. Simultaneouslywith the construction of the factory, various housing facilities were built for the workers, depending on the hierarchical position, and not long after, the factory also financed the construction of public and residential-business facilities that enabled a much more comfortable and socially fulfilling life. The topic of the research is based on the definition of the ambient whole of the old city core of Lukavac from the Austro-Hungarian period and in it the settlements for factory masters, the so called "Maister haus", which has been degraded to a greater extent. Considering that it is a settlement where factory masters lived together with their families, the residential buildings that appear in it have a much lower level of comfort. Such a modest spatial organization was automatically reflected on the exterior, where the buildings were completely devoid of decorations. In that environment, on the very corner, there are two distinctly decorated buildings that, obviously, represent the total opposite of everything previously mentioned and become the subject of more detailed research. Their purpose is residential and commercial, in the ground floor of which, in the first period after construction, the old bakery and post office were located, and where the buildings, due to their partial commercial purpose, had characteristic, richly decorated facades. It is a combination of art nouveau and folklore-romantic motifs that made the buildings stand out from their immediate surroundings. Today, they are degraded to a greater extent, both due to the process of natural decay that occurs as a result of lack of maintenance, as well as due to inadequate interventions and subsequent additions by former/current owners.

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Zwischen den Kulturen - Zwischen den Zeiten. Zur Grenzfigur Lola im Roman Herztier von Herta Müller

Author(s): Béatrice Nicoriuc / Language(s): German Issue: 15/2022

Herta Müller’s characters are always located on the border between the Romanian and the German language and culture. The identity of the protagonists is also formed at the verge of this border. Müller uses many words and phrases from the Romanian language in her metaphors, translates them into German and incorporates them into her poetic language. The paper discusses Lola’s character from the novel Herztier. The analysis deals with the linguistic and cultural imprint of Lola’s character, as well as with the problem of the perpetrator-victim dichotomy, an aspect that determines all of Müller’s female characters. Lola is not an agent but a borderline figure in the novel. Her figure is located on the border between the rural and urban space, between Romanian and German language and culture, and between being a victim and being an accomplice.

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Supporting the Process of Designing and Planning Heritage and Landscape by Spatializing Data on a Single Support Platform. Case Study: Romania

Author(s): Atena-Ioana Gârjoabă,Cerasella Craciun / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Data handling is a general objective of education, regardless of the educational level (middle school, high school, university or postgraduate) and branch. Being at the intersection between the humanities and the exact sciences, the field of design requires a continuous summation and overlapping of information from specialists. Obtaining data is essential for perceiving the current situation, but also for adapting the solution proposed in the planning process to the given situation, to the particularities and main characteristics of the context. How difficult it is to obtain information, but especially their overlap and correlation to obtain indicators specific to target areas, depends in most cases on the experience of the specialist in the field, but for a recent graduate, the training received during the years of university training is perhaps his most important support. However, there may be data that are predominantly available during university training and data that can be obtained predominantly outside the academic environment (financial data, communication with public institutions). The paper describes a proposal for a support platform to assist the process of architectural design, urban planning and landscaping in Romania, but which can also support adjacent studies and analyzes. The purpose of the platform is to support the design and planning process of heritage and landscape, architecture and urban planning, by simplifying the data acquisition process and also directing the design/planning process to a long-term perspective, which is based on resilient solutions for natural and built heritage and for the conservation of the local cultural landscape.

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DEMOGRAPHY AND POPULATION GROWTH IN 1970’s ROMANIA: AN OVERVIEW OF DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES PUBLISHED IN ‘VIITORUL SOCIAL’ JOURNAL

Author(s): Oana Pop / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This paper looks at how demographic knowledge was articulated in the 1970s in Romania in a context shaped by both a restrictive natalist agenda and the reestablishment of institutional affiliations with western academia. An account is given of the specific institutional affiliations that coordinated and made knowledge transfers possible between French and Romanian agencies. The text then focuses on the specific vocabulary and reasoning mechanisms employed in a series of texts published throughout the 1970s in the sociological journal Viitorul Social, a monthly magazine of socialist doctrine, culture and politics. The aim is to start a discussion about the possibility that the re-establishment of institutional connections with French demographic trends in the early ᾿70s lent Romanian demographers a type of conservative scientific reasoning and vocabulary that was attuned to the natalist politics of the time. In turn, this authorised a highly politicised portrayal of working-class women as culpable for the diminishing birth-rates in Romania. The text ends by suggesting other research paths that might help situate demographic knowledge production and its ties with reproduction politics.

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УЛОГА ПРОИЗВОДНИХ КОЕФИЦИЈЕНАТА У МЕРЕЊУ ЕФИКАСНОСТИ УЛОЖЕНИХ СРЕДСТАВА РУРАЛНОГ КОМПЛЕКСА

Author(s): Goran Popović / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 6/2007

Development policy that is applied by the development countries on the rural regions is in expansion. An outline of the development of the neglected, uninhabited and the far-away territories of the EU, USA and the other developed countries has the forms of the multifunctional, harmonius, and the modern outlined developement policy. The experiences of the most developed countries are gradually transfered to the development countries, that in the integral rural development policy see the solution for the faster development of the largest part of their territories, but also the general economic progress. With the development of the theory and practise, the evaluation methods are improved as well as the quantification measures efficiency of the rural policy i.e. of the effects reached by the rural territories investment. The calculation methods of the efficiency coefficients of the invested funds as well as the establishment of the efficiency level of the invested funds for the rural region or sector, are the available analitic frame for the efficiency evaluation deposit. With these methods, because of their simplicity and universality, we can compare the changes in the diferent sectors, regions but also in the countries. And yet, the most important function of these analyses refer to the observation of the economic structure transformation of a certain region as well as the success judgement of the implemented developing policies. Together with corresponding statistic base, the suggestion about the possibility of their efficient use in the macroeconomic rural complex analyses can been confirmed.

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Miasto słońca, miasto bólu. Tożsamość miasta wschodnioeuropejskiego (na przykładzie Mińska)

Author(s): Marta Cobel-Tokarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2021

The current political situation in Belarus; and especially the civil protests in the area of Minsk; encourage reflection on the cultural landscape of the city shaped by totalitarianism. The aim of the article is therefore to analyse one of the few representations of Minsk in the literature available to the Polish reader: the book by Artur Klinau Minsk. A guide to the City of the Sun. The analysis uses the perspective of the sociology of literature. The specificity of the text genre; which is a tourist guide; has been emphasized. The findings of childhood sociology and the category of biographical memory are also referred to. In order to reconstruct and understand the original vision of Minsk; the author first describes how Klinau presents the taming of the architectural utopia of the City of the Sun from a child’s perspective. Next; the category of the fight for space is mentioned; in which the weapons are architecture and urban planning. An example of a skirmish in this fight is the fate of the Niemiga district described by Klinau. The summary is a reference to the strategies Klinau uses to defend his biography against appropriation by a totalitarian utopia.

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Dziecko wiejskie na tle polskiego dyskursu edukacyjnego dwudziestolecia międzywojennego, czyli o mniej znanym przyczynku do regionalizmu w szkole

Author(s): Anna Mlekodaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article is devoted to the process of discovering the specificity of life and development of a village child, initiated at the turn of the second and third decades of the 20th century. It was one of the consequences of the then developing educational discourse, supported by the achievements of child psychology, pedology, and the New Upbringing trend. In 1929, the first Polish research on the level of development of children from urban and rural environments was conducted. The results were very unfavorable for children from the countryside. This gave an impulse for further action. In 1930, in the pages of “Praca Szkolna” (“School Work”), a competition was announced among teachers to describe a rural child from various regions. Twenty-two papers were submitted, the best of which were published in the book Dziecko wsi polskiej (A Child of the Polish Countryside). These works allowed us to penetrate both the problems faced by rural children at school and the difficulties faced by teachers working in the countryside. To a large extent, they resulted from the lack of a proper diagnosis of the educational and upbringing needs of a rural child and from difficulties in cooperation between schools and villages. The perspective of changes in this area was opened only by regionalism, introduced to school curricula as a result of the education reform in 1932, which was to support the education of rural children and contribute to the integration of the school with the local community. Thus, the teaching characteristics of a rural child contributed, in a sense, to the introduction of regionalism in Polish schools.

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Powinność miasta historycznego. Historiografia dziejów Poznania i jej instytucjonalne konteksty

Author(s): Przemysław Matusik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

Using the example of Poznań, the article takes up the question of the connection between the development of research on the history of particular cities and their institutional establishment. Here, beside universities, a major role was also played by archives, libraries, academic and urban societies, as well as editorial offices of the periodicals they published. In the case of Poznań, which in the 19th century did not have a university, research on the city was inspired mainly by the German historical society. Between the wars, although the university had already been established, the initiating role was still played by local non-academic circles, gathered around the “Kronika Miasta Poznania” chronicle published by the Poznań city hall. After 1945, an ever increasing role was played by the university academic milieu, whose representatives carried out in the 1980s/1990s various publishing projects, creating and strengthening the group of researchers dealing with urban themes. After 1990 they gathered again around the “Kronika Miasta Poznania”, which inspired readers to examine different aspects of the city history.

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Were the oasis-cities of the southern branch of the Silk Road in Tarim Basin, China, dispersed urban complexes?

Author(s): Kasper Hanus / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article reinterprets the urban pattern of the oases of southern Tarim Basin, which flourished in the first half of the first millennium C.E. using the dispersed urban complexes framework. Disperse urban centre, also known as a low-density urban complex, is a site that had an urban function, but its morphology was much different from compact cities of, for example, China or mediaeval Europe. Low-density urban complexes, like Tikal in Mesoamerica or Angkor in South-East Asia, despite their distinct urban functions, had the cityscape consisting of intermingled monumental agriculture, water management features and agricultural field. Thus, the oasis-cities of southern Tarim Basin were different from compact urban centres of neighbouring China and western Central Asia and showed some similarities to complexes like Tikal and Angkor. This article evaluates if those sites can be associated with low-density urbanism. Three selected sites, 尼雅 [Niya], 米兰 [Miran] and 樓蘭 [Loulan], have been evaluated for the presence of characteristic associated with low-density urbanism: dispersed monumental architecture, large scale anthropogenic landscapes modifications, and pattern of alternating housing clusters and agricultural fields. This can affect our understating of both the understanding of urbanism in the region and low-density urbanism on the global scale.

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The festival - the mark of the city's cultural identity in the context of urban marketing

Author(s): Raluca Zaharia / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Should we attach to the notion of identity, that of culture, we will have a more comprehensive and at the same time more precise vision of the relationship that exists between the two terms. The cultural identity is that something that recognizes the human community (social, political, regional, national, ethnic, religious) in terms of values,mentality, commitments, traditions, beliefs, historical memory.To understand the notions of identity and culture, we refer to the individual and then to the group and to the manner they relate to the community, society and why not, the citadel,meaning the city. The latter becomes cultural when it values the customs and traditions of its inhabitants, its heritage, the works of its artists and craftsmen. This article attempts to analyze the interdependence that could exist between a cultural manifestation, more precisely a festival with its thematic aesthetics specific management and the cultural identity of the city that hosts it.Nowadays, the culture plays the role of helping to convert cities into dynamic and attractive urban centers. It is commendable that this reconversion is also used by smaller towns in order to promote their identity. The phenomenon itself is known as urban marketing and has, among other attributes, the role of imposing a new way of conduct on civil servants and local public authorities. It also makes us have a certain conception of cities - in our case- thanks mainly to cultural history, but also in depending on the cultural policy they pursue,due to the image they want to promote, or through works of art, through the realization of certain artistic projects: festivals, branded cultural events, etc. This is the case of the city of Tournai in Belgium, a border settlement entered into the phenomenon of European metropolisation which leads to the formation of centers composed of networks of metropolises and which become economic, social and political pillars, but also cultural, with a whole administrative dynamic and cultural facilities (cultural centers,museums, theaters, universities, etc.). The biennial festival we are referring to is called "Découvertes, marionnettes et images", being the only one in the French-speaking area of Belgium. The reputation of the festival is inevitably associated with the city of Tournai, and this association adds more value, effectively contributing to its image in the region and not only. The cultural identity of the city is linked among other things to the evolution of the festival and vice versa.It is an international festival dedicated to contemporary forms of puppet animation. From the theater of objects, passing through street art, dance or digital art, each edition of the festival gives access to the wealth of contemporary forms of the puppet and marionette as well as their interdisciplinarity. The analysis of the "Découvertes, images et marionnettes" festival. In this context, taking into account the quoted references and the specific interferences of are search, is all the more complex and revealing at the same time.

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Ecological impact of mining brownfields in Bucovina (Romania)

Author(s): Viorel Chiriță,Daniela Matei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The decline of mining activities in Romania has led to the appearance of large areas of mining waste, buildings and decommissioned equipment. Known by the name of mining wastelands, they challenge both the environment as well as the communities in which they are located. The problems created by the mining wastelands generate shock waves in the development of the rural territories hosting them and block their sustainable development. This paper highlights the stages of the evolution of different types of mining wastelands in Bukovina, with an emphasis on the environmental component, as well as on their possible integration using various forms of valorization. The data was gathered in 2017 as part of a research called “La dynamique des paysages culturels intégrant des aires avec des friches minières. Rétrospectives et perspectives géographique en Bucovine (Roumanie) et en Wallonie (Belgique)”, funded by “L`Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie”. We used the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) methodology to assess the environmental impact of mining wastelands, which included 5 evaluation criteria and 15 components investigated (6 physical-geographical and ecological components, plus 9 socio-economic and cultural ones). The findings indicate that the ecological impact of abandoned mining areas is directly related to the area they occupy as well as the morphoclimatic system in which they are located. The socioeconomic component analysis highlighted the role of mine closure in increasing unemployment and lowering living standards, as well as a community takeover of some infrastructure elements through direct involvement of local government.

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