Avaliku ruumi mõiste areng ja tähendusväljad

Author(s): Antti Roose,Helen Sooväli-Sepping,Anni Müüripeal / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 8-9/2020

Over the last five years, the Estonian society has begun to pay more attention to the environment we live, work and relax in. The use of the concept of ‘space’ and its association with the word ‘public’ is a practical problem on the way to a common understanding of space and its use. The ambiguity of the concept of space must be taken into account, both in everyday language and in scientific language. The concept of ‘public space’ is a rapidly developing concept in various fields in the Estonian language, yet in today’s legislation this is not legally covered. There is no well-established definition of ‘public space’ in Estonia. In mapping the use of ‘public space’, this article is confined to geographical sciences, urbanism and architecture. We cover the concept of ‘public space’ in the spatial sciences and discuss its social significance, analysing the semantic fields of the term and describing the contexts of its use. The article does not claim to invent a grand narrative of ‘public space’, but rather draws attention to the diversity and richness of the concept in academic discourse in general and in the Estonian context in particular. These ambiguities open up the possibility of innovating the concept and creatively using it in practice.

Liiklemine keeles ja ruumis - Sõna liiklema kasutus

Author(s): Tauri Tuvikene / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 8-9/2020

Embarking from the “mobilities turn” in social sciences and humanities, this article attends to the movement in urban space from the perspective of language. This is done by an analysis of one specific word in Estonian – liiklema directly translated as ‘to participate in traffic’ – its introduction and change of use. Liiklema is an invented term from the 1920s, brought to Estonian by recognized linguist Johannes Voldemar Veski, with an aim to find a word that would capture the meanings conveyed by communication in English or the German Verkehr. However, once the word liiklema entered use, it got a slightly different meaning than initially intended. While it is used in the meaning of air or maritime traffic, suggesting the initial meaning of liiklema (‘being connected’), when not used in conjunction with other words, it means being mobile and moving in street space, negotiating space and movement between different mobility devices: pedestrians (as well as various other vehicles and means of transportation) liiklevad (that is, they ‘do traffic’) and as a result there is liiklus (‘traffic’) in the streets. Then again, research literature inspired by the mobilities turn contains abundant critique towards pedestrians being likened to machines subservient to automobiles, which are the stronger party in street space. This perspective, critiqued by mobilities turn, as this article argues, is conveyed in Estonian by words such as liiklema or liikleja (‘road user’). As a human geographer wandering in language space without aiming at a linguistic approach, I discuss the meaning of words liiklema and liikleja and some different ways of participating in traffic by suggesting alternative terms that would better capture the substance of walking.

The Tale of Two Cities: Engendering Urbanity in Romania after Communism

Author(s): Elena Banciu,Iulia Anghel / Language(s): English Issue: 62/2019

The end of communism and the abolishment of egalitarian policies upon use of public spaces challenged women’s visibility, autonomy and emancipation in most of the transitional playgrounds. Mythology of urban moral corruption fostered also millennialist echoes, transitional societies confronting with new formulas of foundational violence, targeting women and minority groups. The article presents the preliminary findings of an extended research project, dedicated to the engendering phenomena in post-communist Bucharest, following topics as: mechanisms for spatial production of gender discrimination, recrudescence of oppressive gender spatiality (forbidden spaces vs asylum spaces, M. Foucault) or role of semio-spatial devices (G. Sonesson) as squares and boulevards, in reinforcing gender borders.

Professional teachers: Study of ICT capabilities and research competencies in urban and rural?

Author(s): Syahrial Syahrial,Dwi Agus Kurniawan,Asrial Asrial,Husni Sabil,Shella Maryani,Endah Febri Setiya Rini / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2022

This study aims to examine ICT competencies, research competencies, and teacher professionalism. The research method used is a mixed method.This study was conducted on urban and rural residents. The instruments used are teacher competency questionnaires, research competency questionnaires, questionnaires that measure teacher professionalism and interview instruments. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known that there is a relationship between teacher professionalism, ICT competence and research competence. This finding is that there is a relationship between ICT competence and research competence simultaneously on teacher professionalism.

Human Development in Rural Settlements within the Centre Development Region of the Republic of Moldova

Author(s): Mihai Hachi,Vadim Cujbă / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

At present, the need for comparative studies of human development is increasingly emerging within an attempt to follow the level reached by states, regions or human communities in certain administrative-territorial units, aiming to assess the effectiveness of development policies applied by regional and local governments or administrations, beyond certain statistical indicators or series attesting to certain aspects of human development. In this context, the HDI applied by the UN includes four components of human development and provides a generalization of human development globally at the world's states level. In our study, we intend to develop the given indicator, including a much larger number of indices and indicators at the level of the 613 settlements within of the Centre Development Region, in the context of the implementation of the Regional Development Strategy of the Republic of Moldova.

Resident’s Satisfaction and Preferences in Housing Provision by Government and Private Partnership in Abuja

Author(s): Aisha Ibrahim Biko,Hadiza AbdulKadir Musa,Bature Ali Muhammad,Amina Musa Aliyu / Language(s): English Issue: 06/2022

This study came when the need for shelter by man has always been an issue for both the person in need of a house and the people in charge of supplying or designing the house. It is widely known the demand for housing came in second in the hierarchical system of man's needs after meals. This study examined residents' satisfaction and preferences in Abuja's housing provision by the government and public-private partnerships. Participants were given questionnaires at the Public Estate, of which 36 were recovered; 300 questionnaires were served at the Public Estate, with 227 recovered. Participants in this study are tenants in both the Public Partnership Estate and the Private Partnership Estate. According to the findings, 30 housing estates in the Ministerial Housing Estate (Public) in Abuja (PPP). Residents' preferences in the study areas are preferred, according to the respondents. The difference between residents' satisfaction and preferences in the houses provided by the government and PPP in the study area was also ascertained using a T-test analysis. The ANOVA results also revealed a significant difference in residence satisfaction between public housing estates and PPP at 0.06 and 0.011, less than the 0.05 significance level. Developers in the public and private housing sectors should work to bridge the gap between residents' preferences and their own. They should improve the drainage systems, waste management, and sewage disposal to increase resident satisfaction. According to the survey results, respondents' satisfaction and preference for residents are very high, high, and moderate, respectively.

Resident’s Satisfaction and Preferences in Housing Provision by Public-Private Partnership and Private Developers in Abuja, Nigeria

Author(s): Ojeniyi Sulaiman Adekunle,Oluwadare Joel Olaifa,Abubakar Idriss Mohammed,Rukayya Abdulrazak / Language(s): English Issue: 08/2022

It is well known that housing demands ranked second in the hierarchy of human necessities after food. This study examined inhabitants' choices and satisfaction with housing provided by private developers and public-private partnerships in Abuja. Participants were given questionnaires at the public-private partnership and private developer estates; at the public estate, 300 questionnaires were distributed, of which 227 were retrieved. Of the 24 questionnaires served for the Private Developer development Ologunloye Estate, 11 were retrieved. According to the analysis. T-test analysis was also used to determine the difference between inhabitants' choices and contentment with dwellings provided by the government and PPP in the research area. At 0.06 and 0.011, which is smaller than the 0.05 significance level, the ANOVA findings likewise showed a significant difference in residence satisfaction between public housing estates and PPP. Building a bridge between residents' preferences and their own should be a goal of developers in both the public and private housing sectors. To boost resident appreciation and satisfaction, it would be best if the drainage systems, waste management, and sewage disposal were improved. The survey's findings indicate that respondents' contentment and preference for inhabitants are incredibly high, high, and moderate.

Implementing Sustainable Development Goals within the COVID–19 Pandemic Future Challenges for the 2030 Agenda

Author(s): Anna Rydz‑Żbikowska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The COVID–19 pandemic has severely changed the world economy and jeopardized the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals on a large scale. Progress in meeting the goals of the 2030 Agenda has been significantly disrupted and stalled, undermining previous efforts of governments and nations. Furthermore, the economic slowdown of the global economy as an effect of COVID–19 has not improved the situation of climate change. The side effects of the pandemic are serious in every sphere of life, especially in the exacerbation of existing social inequalities, which results in threatening the achievements of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The aim of this article is to present the current status of SDG implementation with reference to the 2030 Agenda. Furthermore, it will examine the impact of COVID–19 on the progress of SDGs on a global scale, focusing mainly on the statistics from the Sustainable Development Report 2021. The purpose of the study is also to describe the results of the analysis that examines the major effects of the COVID–19 pandemic on European countries, including Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), in terms of the implementation of SDGs. The study is limited to the context of Goal 1 (No poverty), Goal 2 (Zero hunger) and Goal 3 (Good health and well‑being). Another purpose, recognized as the added value of the research, is to identify the main challenges related to sustainable development while implementing the SDGs in the CEECs. Finally, the author investigates the post‑COVID priorities and pandemic strategic response plans. The research methods include an analysis of available documentary and literary sources on the topics in question, based on the development of relevant statistical surveys, and the deductive approach, to draw conclusions from the reports of international organizations. The research was based on the global indicator framework, which includes 231 unique indicators that monitored the stage and progress of the SDGs’ implementation. Global SDG Indicators Data Platform (SDG Indicators Database) was the source of data.

TARIM VE KIRSAL KALKINMAYI DESTEKLEME KURUMUNUN (TKDK) GERÇEKLEŞTİRDİĞİ PROJELER (2011-2022) ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME: ŞANLIURFA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Mehmet Bozkoyun / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

Since the establishment of the Republic in Turkey, many practices have been implemented for the development of rural areas. These applications; example village, community development, central village, agricultural cities, village city etc. possible to sort. Over time, some institutions were established in Turkey to implement similar practices. One of these is the Agriculture and Rural Development Support Institution (ARDSI), which directly contributes to the realization of rural development within the framework of Turkey's harmonization process with the European Union towards the middle of the 2000s. The institution was established in Turkey in 2007 with the law numbered 5648 and started its activities. In the province of Şanlıurfa, on the other hand, since 2011, it has implemented its studies (projects) for rural development. The number of projects carried out by ARDSI in the province between 2011-2022 is 556. It is seen that the sector with the highest number of projects in the study area is the livestock sector with 288 projects. This in order; agriculture (162), industry (85), tourism (10), food (8) and service (3) sectors. The aim of this study, in which the sectoral distribution of the projects is handled separately, is to determine the spatial distribution of the projects implemented by ARDSI in the province of Şanlıurfa, as well as to examine the effects of these projects on rural development.

Beylikdüzü İlçesinde (İstanbul) Sanayi Faaliyetlerinin Gelişimi, Yapısı ve Dağılışı Üzerine Coğrafi Bir İnceleme

Author(s): Fatih Ayhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 20/2022

Beylikdüzü is a district of Istanbul that started to develop after the 1990s. Beylikdüzü, which didn’t attract attention for years because it is far from the center of Istanbul, became one of the important settlements of Istanbul after the 1999 Marmara Earthquake. Since the 2000s, the ease of transportation by metrobus has increased the interest in Beylikdüzü. The migration movement, which started in the 1960s and intensified in the 1980s, adversely affected the urban structure in Istanbul. Due to the lack of planning in the city center, residential and industrial areas were intertwined. With the decision taken, the plan to move industrial zones out of the city came into effect. Established in 2002, Beylikdüzü Organized Industrial Zone has become one of the important industrial centers of Istanbul. As of the middle of 2022, there are 776 industrial enterprises registered with the Istanbul Chamber of Industry (ISO) in Beylikdüzü.

Настъпва ли „краят на труда“ такъв, какъвто го познаваме?

Author(s): Gabriela Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

TÜRKİYE’DE KIRSALIN KOŞULLARINI YÖN DERGİSİ ÜZERİNDEN OKUMAK

Author(s): Muhammet Ali Sağlam / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 75/2022

The 1960 was collectively an important era for Turkey’s rural debates. They were they were largely tied to import substitution and industrialization within the framework of development plans. This also included the new axis of development and the genealogy of Turkey’s intellectual climate. In this context, the magazine Yön * which is the subject of this study – viewed and analyzed Turkey’s economic, political, and social life – rural and urban alike – from the angle of left-wing Kemalism. The study will look at how Yön addressed the country’s rural/agricultural problem. In this context, we will discuss the inequality of ownership in the countryside, borrowing practices, views around the draft law on landing the farmer, and the authors’ views of rural development. The magazine also featured the origins, developments of, and the forms these relations took across the country, all the while addressing center-local power relations and the reproduction of these relations in local networks. Yön offered solutions to those problems – namely a more egalitarian rural policy (thus revealing the dynamics of a socialist power strategy in the countryside), expropriation, consolidation, cooperativization, and active participation by villagers in the process. During our research, we looked weekly issues of the Yön alongside secondary texts related to the magazine and the political economy from the aforementioned period.

KATI ATIĞIN METABOLİK DÖNGÜSÜ: TÜRKİYE ANALİZİ

Author(s): İsmet Akbaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2022

Material flow analysis is an effective analysis process to obtain information about the flow processes of resources within the urban system. In this way, material flow analysis ensures the management of wastes that arise with the use of environmental resources in production and consumption processes. Monitoring waste flows in the metabolic cycle in urban areas is important for a sustainable environment. This study aims to monitor the flow processes of solid waste that occurs in production and consumption processes in Turkey and to determine the level of success in terms of metabolic cycle. For this purpose, the metabolic flow processes of the solid waste generated in the production and consumption processes in Turkey were evaluated by the material flow analysis method. As a result of the analysis, it is seen that the metabolic cycle of the solid waste generated during the consumption and production stages is weak in Turkey.

Olematud trammiteed linnamaastikus: atmosfäärialased kunstiprojektid Turus ja Tallinnas

Author(s): Tauri Tuvikene,Aleksandra Ianchenko / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 84/2022

The article brings together public transport, art, landscape, and atmosphere. The article aims to demonstrate landscape thinking, a way to attend to the multi-faceted nature of landscape, using two artistic interventions in the urban landscape as case studies: Invisible Tramline in Tallinn and Tram Chalk Walk in Turku, created by one of the co-authors of the paper (researcher and artist Aleksandra Ianchenko). Here, we look at atmosphere as a concept that can be used to bring the material and the sensory aspects of landscape together. In both artworks, atmosphere emerged in the metaphorical (re)creation of infrastructure through material interventions: in one case, the tram was made to appear as tracks skied in the snow, in the other as chalk lines. Lasnamäe tram is a case of planned but unfinished tramline whereas Turku had an active tram service for almost a century before it was discontinued in 1972. Yet, as in the case of Lasnamäe, sentiments echoing a desire to have the tram in active function are present. These artworks resonated with these sentiments although they did not have a desire to make a political statement. Instead, they artfully played with the ephemeral nature of landscape by generating atmospheres of tramlines. The article shows how atmosphere can emerge in the interaction between material aspects and being present in this environment, more specifically in the activities that metaphorically animate infrastructures in the landscape. Although the tram itself was not present in either intervention, the holistic landscape experience brought present an idea of the tram created by the interventions.

Rural development. The case of two communities

Author(s): Cristina Tomescu,Alin Casapu,Mihai Pitel / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The article was elaborated within the MarginalRural project, a grant of the Romanian Academy, carried out between 2019 and 2022. The purpose of the grant was to collect data from several rural and small urban communities and analyze the demographic data but also data regarding infrastructure, health and education services, sources of income, local employers and more. The analysis included different perspectives, respectively an institutional one (through the opinions of representatives of public institutions), an entrepreneurial one (through the reflected opinion in interviews with local entrepreneurs) and that of vulnerable groups (through the opinions of interviewed disadvantaged people). The objective of the project was to analyze the phenomenon of rural development/underdevelopment and reveal the factors that influence development or marginalization.

Taking traditional customs to town. A Romanian dynamic

Author(s): Adina Hulubaş / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The article discusses data gathered in two research projects and compares them to argue that folk practices continue to be transmitted and performed in urban settlements. This is due to the recent urbanization process that allows active folk beliefs to be enacted and witnessed frequently. The rites of passage are presented both in Romanian towns and in urban settlements from Western Europe, revealing a significant attachment to traditional ways. Calendar customs complete the image on cultural preservation in the midst of the city, even despite regulations. Romanian urbanites and immigrants maintain folk convictions they learned about in childhood or before leaving the country, with positive reflection results.

Social Capital and Workers' Job Prospects in the MENA Region

Author(s): Jieun Lee,Vladimir Hlasny / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

Social networks and collective trust have been studied in relation to civil uprisings such as the Arab Spring events of 2011. Social capital is also an important factor in the Middle East and North African (MENA) labour markets, where 'wasta' family connections are said to affect workers' opportunities. Little is known, however, about MENA citizens' social capital and its composition and distribution across socio-economic groups. As an advanced foundation on which to build future analyses, we propose a stochastic approach for measuring people's social capital using Bayesian clustering, based on three dimensions: level of social activity, quality of social networks, and trust. Applying the method to the 2000-2014 World Values Surveys for 16 MENA countries, we describe the composition and distribution of workers' social capital within and between countries, and estimate ordered-probability regressions of workers' employment outcomes as a function of the dimensions of social capital, workers' demographics, and subjective health assessment. We find that, among the three dimensions of social capital, social trust is most clearly conducive to the employment and full-time status of both genders. The level of social activity is associated with more autonomous, intellectual and creative occupations among men, but only with more creative occupations among women. Higher-quality social networks are associated with more autonomous jobs, but also less creative ones. Interestingly, trust is associated with non-autonomous, manual, and routine jobs. In creative jobs favoured by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, workers are selected from those with higher socializing levels but inhibited networks and trust.

Street Names through Sociological Lenses.

Author(s): Mihai Stelian Rusu / Language(s): English Issue: Winter/2021

As toponymic means of inscribing urban space, street names have been addressed mainly by human geographers, who have articulated the field of critical place-name studies. In this paper, I continue the endeavor started in the previous issue published in Social Change Review of reading street names through sociological lenses. Whereas in the first part of this two-part contribution the analysis was made from functionalist and conflictualist perspectives, this second and final part employs social constructionism and the utilitarian theoretical tradition in making sociological sense of street nomenclatures. First, conceiving of street names as forming discursively constructed linguistic landscapes, the paper shows how urban namescapes – the “city-text” – are written, erased, and rewritten to reflect the shifting political powers. Second, the paper examines the neoliberal processes of place branding and toponymic commodification by which street names are turned into sought-after urban commodities with transactional value on the real estate market. The paper concludes by inviting sociologists to join the conversation on street names, which should become an important topic of sociological reflection.

URBAN RESILIENCE AND SECURITY IN TODAY'S SOCIETY: INTEROPERABILITY OF TWO CONCEPTS OLD BUT YET NEW, DIFFERENT BUT HOWEVER TOGETHER

Author(s): Dorel Badea,Olga Maria Cristina Bucoveţchi,Diana Elena Ranf,Elida Toderiță / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2022

The management of urban resilience should be seen as an integrative managerial field, insufficiently developed yet and affirmed as belonging to the general managerial science, of the future, which unifies fragmented approaches induced in areas such as risk, business continuity, change, crises. The current societal constraints support the need to operationalize the practical complementarity given by concepts such as resilience and security to emphasize the role of organizational representativeness and involvement (as a way of good practice), with reference to both the public and private spectrum.

Социалните иновации като инструмент за подобряване качеството на живот в селските райони

Author(s): Maria Ilcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The report reviews the application of social innovations as an instrument for improvement of quality of life in rural areas in Bulgaria while focusing in the specific challenges correlated with the population ageing and inequality gaps. Analyzed are good practices of different social innovations related with development of new social services and using the local resources for activation of rural areas. The author is exploiting the contribution of social innovations to achieve transforming impact in improving public services and quality of life through the development of social capital.