Założenia metodologiczne badań języka wsi

Author(s): Jerzy Sierociuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

The article presents a presumption that contemporary rural areas are witnesses not only to intense transformations of the inhabitants’ living conditions but also very rapid changes to the language spoken by the local communities where the traditionally defined dialects are less and less frequently the major means of communication. 3) The presented research proposal highlights the need for taking into account several premises: collecting in the field lexical material mainly by focusing attention on a specific subject area;2) taking into account various social and linguistic parameters at the stage of collecting the material;for the research, select informants who represent various generations as indicated by the informants’ years of birth; for the purpose of clarity, five generation intervals have been identified;3) the material, subjected to computer processing, should be accompanied by particulars including a few basic parameters that allow to characterise each element in detail

Toplumsal ve Mekânsal Konumuyla Otakçıyân Mustafa Paşa Tekkesi

Author(s): Serpil Özcan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 5/2023

Dervish lodges served diverse functions at every stage of the Ottoman Empire. During the foundation of the Ottoman State, they had solid military aspects. In the following periods, lodges with vital educational elements started to appear. This situation made them the most widespread and networked institutions of the Ottoman Empire. For this reason, evaluating the lodges with their social aspects and positions is essential. This study examines the Mustafa Pasha Lodge founded by a member of the Naqshbandiyya order, was founded by Köse/Bahir Mustafa Pasha in 1753 and was an essential place among the Istanbul lodges. Later on, the lodge was revived by Meşrepzâde Mehmed Ârif Efendi and his family in 1849. The study offers maps prepared by digital methods (ArcGIS) grounded on the information in archival sources and foundation charters. It, thus, analyzes the lodge comparatively in terms of its location, population, income and services. It aims to contribute novel perspectives to the field by looking at the Mustafa Pasha Lodge via different methods and approaches.

Study on the perception of the oenological tourism potential of the Moldavian Region, Romania

Author(s): ADELINA-IULIANA NENIU / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study aims to evaluate the perception of the potential tourists on wine tourism in Moldavia region. The area under study represents Romania’s largest wine region, concentrating about 38% of the total area covered by vineyards and about 47% of the area under grafted bearing vineyards. Similarly, the counties comprised within the wine region of the Moldavian Hills supply 40% of the total quantity of grapes and 38% of the quantity of wine grapes produced in Romania. The importance of the region is underlined by the existence of 12 vineyards and 55 wine centres; thus, for the recognition of the quality and particularities of their wines, there are several Controlled Designation of Origin/CDO. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the perception of a random sample, consisting of 140 people from different regions of Romania (and the Republic of Moldova), on the importance of the wine potential and the tourist capitalization of the oenological patrimony of the region. It was found that most respondents practised wine tourism both in the country and in other states, some of them even visiting Moldavia region. Most of the respondents fall into the category of young people, which led to different perceptions of wine tourism and to various expectations related to its practice in Moldavia region, especially when compared to other categories of tourists. The personal experience of practicing this type of tourism has led to answers based on the reality perceived by the respondents, both with the advantages of Moldavia and with the issues inherent in a developing region, especially those related to the promotion and capitalization of the wine tourism potential. Respondents also provided solutions to reduce problems in the region's development and suggested that institutions be involved in achieving them.

Typological analysis of agricultural holdings in Western Moldova

Author(s): Maria-Simona Cuciureanu,Grigore Nepotu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The study aims to analyze agricultural holdings in western Moldova in 2010, according to data from the Agricultural Census. Farms play an important role at international and national level because they capitalize on the agricultural potential of land, animals and agricultural machinery, contributing to the creation of a modern agriculture that develops the rural economy. Western Moldova stands out in Romania with a high agricultural potential, but which is not sufficiently exploited. The economy of this area is precarious, especially in rural areas, being currently in an early stage of development due to the development of agricultural holdings. The study aims to develop spatial typologies that analyze at the territorial level, in Western Moldova, the areas that capitalize on agricultural land by using agricultural holdings, depending on the agricultural area used, the size of the agricultural area used, the way of owning the agricultural area. The final result is the analysis of agricultural typologies, depending on the classification of agricultural holdings, which is done by standardizing the values of the indicators used and highlighting the positive and negative deviations, establishing the profile of each basic administrative unit.

Bydlení jako výjimka, evikce jako každodennost

Author(s): Pavel Doboš,Kristína Jamrichová,Jakub Mácha,Ondřej Mohyla,Roman Novotný,Martina Růžičková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

This article focuses on evictability and the eviction of the residents of one block of flats in a small southern Slovakian town. Most of the building's inhabitants are Roma, but the problem of cultural racism is interconnected with political, economic, legal, and even research and activist issues. The article is based on socially committed ethnographic research and the perspective of critical human geography. The theoretical framework is informed by the geographies of eviction, which grasp evictions as a becoming affective process. In this approach the focus is on not just the structural and other causes of eviction and its negative consequences but also and above all on the eviction that is taking place in the present and that temporally goes beyond the act of displacement - it signifies the lasting effect of sovereign power exercised through threats of eviction and 'home unmaking' brought about by the withholding of vital infrastructure. The analysis distinguishes four becoming phases. The first one shows how tenants' precarity is made when their stigmatisation as Roma intersects with the neoliberal imperatives of individual responsibility asserted by the town. In the second phase, the eviction begins, giving rise to affects of confusion, desperation, and fear. The third phase brings resistance to the arbitrary sovereign power of the town authorities. In the fourth phase the resistance sees some successes, but the town's sovereign power at the same time expands its spatiality. The state of the eviction here is not final and it can still develop in different ways.

Asambláž „Bydlení především“: příklad projektu „Rapid Re-Housing pro rodiny s dětmi bez domova“ ve městě Brně

Author(s): Petr Kubala,Eliška Černá,Štěpán Ripka,Ondřej Krčál,Rostislav Staněk / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

Using the example of a Rapid Re-Housing project, this article aims to open up a more general social-scientific debate within the context of critical discussions about ending homelessness in the Czech Republic. It at the same time seeks to refine the usage of the 'urban assemblages' concept in sociological and anthropological research. A Rapid Re-Housing project was piloted in Brno in 2016-2018. Its objective was to house 50 families in need of housing in municipal apartments and to provide social support in the form of intensive case management. The project included a randomised controlled trial and a qualitative evaluation. This research showed that the effects of the intervention were positive for the vast majority of indicators monitored, with some of the intervention families experiencing significant changes in their financial situation. Discussing the effects of the Brno 'housing first assemblage' we respond to to the reservations that have been voiced about the practice of housing First programmes. We base our responses here on empirical data and the concept of 'relations of exteriority' and show that even projects based on solving 'only one component' can initiate broader socio-material transformations of contemporary societies.

Petr Vašát: Na jedné lodi: globalizace a bezdomovectví v českém měste

Author(s): Blanka Kissová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

СЪВРЕМЕННИ СИСТЕМИ ЗА БЕЗОПАСНОСТ НА КРИТИЧНА ПЪТНА ИНФРАСТРУКТУРА

Author(s): Radostin Dolchinkov,Kamen Seimenliiski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of the study is to present how, by using modern safety systems and creating an organization of their management, it is possible to contribute to the reduction of car traffic accidents in road infrastructure facilities.The tasks he sets are an analysis of the implemented safety systems and consideration of the benefits of the introduced organization for their management and their possibilities for controlling car traffic.

Distanța și distanțarea în spațiile urbane publice în perioada pandemiei de Covid-19

Author(s): Angelica Ionela Stan,Andra Panait / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 14/2022

Distance has insinuated itself into our lives and has turned into a very present “character” of the times we live in. We have become not only more suspicious but also more cautious with regard to consumption, occupancy, and communication in public spaces, viewing them through the filter of distancing. The transformations of the physical and mental distance imposed at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic are correlated with those induced by the widespread use of communication technology and geospatial location. Cities are now “impregnated” with a new behavioural dimension in relation to distance, which seems to be the same for all, but is in fact unique to each of us.A new type of relationship is developing from the way in which multiple hybrid forms of distance are appearing between the social distancing imposed by the authorities to limit the spread of the pandemic and the mental, escapist distance facilitated by the permanent use of technology. For architecture, distance is a foundation both for the conception and for the design of urban space. However, distance is also one of the factors that decisively influence the experience of urban space, and the pandemic has made even more obvious the fact that architecture does not exist in the absence of perception and of its direct use by humans. This paper shows the architects’ reaction to the reigning spatial dystopia and the way in which a new type of “distance-behaviour-proximity” acts through different instances as an active multi-layered ingredient of everyday urban life that influences its quality. The main landmarks of the new spatial language of distance and distancing in cities are presented, showing that distancing as a postpandemic phenomenon has affected and continues to affect people’s behaviour and perceptions and that it also influences architects in reconsidering distance as a conceptual tool in the design of the built environment.

The Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Children with Special Educational needs in Rural Areas from Mehedinţi County

Author(s): Cosmin Goian,Luiza Vlaicu,Geanina Moțățeanu,Dănuț Sorin Bălăuță,Cosmin Popovici / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The emergence of the global crisis due to the Covid-19 virus has led to measures such as social distancing, self-isolation, quarantine, but also the worldwide closure of schools. Children with special educational needs are exposed to low school performance and isolation. Thus, this paper analyzes the situations of children with special educational needs during the pandemic, from the perspective of learning support teachers. This qualitative approach included 6 interviews. The research results revealed that respondents experienced difficulties in teaching online, more work hours, but good school attendance and positive collaboration with parents.

In memoriam Đura Stevanović

Author(s): Srđan Lj. Šljukić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2023

Creating Urban Heterotopia: Užupis in the Focus of Literature and Film (Tūla by Jurgis Kunčinas and Ten Minutes Before the Flight of Icarus by Arūnas Matelis)

Author(s): Gintarė Bidlauskienė / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2022

This article aims to analyze and compare two representations of the Vilnius district of Užupis: the literary image created in the novel Tūla by Jurgis Kunčinas (1993) and the cinematic image provided in the documentary Ten Minutes Before the Flight of Icarus by Arūnas Matelis (1990). Applying the approaches of geocriticism, urban studies, and intermedial contexts allows to relate these images in terms of the dominant motifs of the sensorial experience of the city related to two representational strategies: observing and walking in the city. In the novel Tūla, different gazing modes make the urban space visible, and the protagonist’s walking links particular urban objects to the whole referential space. In this way, the analysis of the representation of Vilnius, especially Užupis, in Tūla highlights the links between the construction of the fictional urban space and the structure of the city novel. Ten Minutes Before the Flight of Icarus focuses on the district of Užupis and the everyday life of its residents. The street-level camera eye matches the gaze of the potential perceiver and his bodily ability to grasp the space haptically, i.e. by footsteps. The movement on foot is essential as it connects all the spatial points into one entity and highlights a permanent link between walking in the city and storytelling as reading or writing. Ultimately, both representational strategies allow qualifying the area of Užupis as the “other” space or a heterotopia due to its distinctive language, which is also a bodily practice, intrinsic to both texts.

Arhitectură și tipologii spațiale în Țara Almăjului, jud. Caraș-Severin

Author(s): Bettina-Evelin Basarabă-Varga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2022

The study covers an ethnographic area in the Banat region of Romania, a culturally and ethnically unitary area but with a unique military history and a specific type of living and housing. The Land of Almăj is an area that has taken shape over the centuries both due to the isolating geographical conditions and due to the surrounding historical context. Due to these geographical conditions, to the exclusively rural developments, but also due to the isolated characteristic of the area, the preserving of certain specific authentic characteristics was made possible. This paper seeks to explore these phenomena, material and immaterial, focusing on the characteristics of the built heritage, starting from building materials and structural systems to decorative elements, analysing the phenomenon and dynamics of housing and the relationship between households and not lastly, the typology of households. The intermountain region in question has been inhabited since ancient times, due to the natural protection offered by the geographical conditions and the complex hydrographic system, and the availability of the rich and varied natural resources; this statement has been demonstrated by countless archaeological discoveries, cultural vestiges, materials and by phenomena reflected in the typology of living today that show the continuation of reminiscences, exercised more or less consciously by the local population. The villages of Almăj have a special typology of living, inheriting and integrating in the culture of living the successive layers of forms of organisation imposed by different authorities over the centuries. Thus, the 4th chapter takes us through the 4 main types of identified housing styles that take place in the village (4.a. - 4.d.) and the two types of seasonal/temporary housing styles that are placed either on the outskirts of the village (4.e.) or in the proximity of the forest (4.f.). The villages of Banat were deeply restructured and altered during the communist regime, when a large part of the rural population benefited from an increase in their financial situation, especially in areas where local natural resources allowed the development of prosperous industries. Thus, the currently existing built fund comes mainly from a moment of great transformation. It is clear that the repeated stages of patterning and uniformity are clearly felt in the morphology of the villages of Almăj. However, most of the settlements in Almăj are permanent, with the population living here all year round, only in certain cases moving for work outside the settlement. It should be noted that the specific type of housing in Almăj is a special one: even nowadays, a large part of the families carry out their main activity at the main house in the village, but with complementary activities occasionally carried out at the family hut, or at the dwellings placed near the forest.

Sustainable Development of Rural Areas in the Conditions of Globalization: Ukrainian Realities

Author(s): Tetiana Lisova,Svitlana Sharapova,Viktoriya Bredikhina,Liudmyla Leiba / Language(s): English Issue: 1(65)/2023

Ukrainian agriculture remains one of the most problematic sectors of the national economy, and revolutionary processes in rural areas are today in the center of attention of national scientists, politicians, and public representatives. The article carries out a scientific study related to the search for the fundamental reasons for the low effectiveness of reform decisions and actions implemented in Ukraine with the aim of bringing the level of development of Ukrainian rural areas closer to the EU standards. Such research can become the basis for forecasting trends in the development of rural areas of Ukraine in the medium and long term. It can also serve as a reliable basis for applied mechanisms of reforming the agro-industrial complex in the post-war period and the evolution of rural areas of Ukraine in the context of European integration. It is noted that from the point of view of European integration, there is a natural, labor, technical, technological, scientific and information potential for the development of rural areas of Ukraine. At the same time, there is a need to find alternative approaches to the development of rural areas of Ukraine, in particular, focusing on those principles that ensure effective development of rural areas of EU member states. Improving the economic security of the country and transitioning to a higher level of socio-economic development is impossible without the creation of a comprehensive, scientifically based strategy for the development of rural areas on the basis of sustainability.

Climate Change Impacts and Environmental and Water use Behaviors, Beliefs and Perceptions

Author(s): Ismail Banoo,Nirmala Dorasamy,Faizal Bux / Language(s): English Issue: 1(65)/2023

This paper presents research conducted on urban home water use behavior as a response demand mitigation strategy to reduce domestic water consumption in SA. The paper presents results of urban home residents’ attitudes, behavior and perceptions towards their water consumption in a search for ways in which domestic demand for water may be substantially reduced. The analysis reflects the water use behavior and perceptions of urban dwellers in a period where water use rationing and restrictions are in place in parts of SA, therefore water scarcity is an important public crisis issue. The research has brought to the fore the complexity of the forces shaping water demand and use in the context of the socio-demographic composition of homes residing in different types of dwellings, as well as the cultural, behavioral and attitudinal aspects of water consumption in city of Durban. The essential questions driving the research was what extent the two key dimensions of urban structure do, i.e. built form and the socio-behavioral characteristics of home water use, influence the pattern of water consumption. Additionally, the study ascertained the extent to which urban water users understood water-saving practices and the need to conserve this precious natural resource whilst also investigating the extent that the public believed were the most effective water-saving habits, interventions and communication methods to support reduced water consumption at a home level. In so doing, the study findings have aimed to inform public policy on ways to reduce consumption and identify alternative and complimentary ways to address the urban water conservation and demand management planning.

Waste Management Strategy of Agricultural Enterprises to Improve the Efficiency of Rural Development

Author(s): Dana MAKHMETOVA,Elvira TLESSOVA,Makpal NURKENOVA,Aigul Auelbekova,Bibigul ISSAYEVA / Language(s): English Issue: 3(67)/2023

In the context of modern trends in the greening of the economy, sustainable development, changes in the structure of agricultural production, and the situation that has developed in Kazakhstan with the accumulation, utilization, and disposal of waste, the issues of agricultural waste management remain relevant and require further scientific research and sound practical solutions. The purpose of the article is to form strategic directions for waste management of agricultural enterprises, where the main place is occupied by effective waste management in the context of crop production, animal husbandry, animal tissue, and agrochemical waste. The article presents the principles of a Waste Management Strategy of agricultural enterprises, and a tree of objectives of the Strategy of agricultural enterprises is formed. The features of effective management of agricultural waste, including plant and animal waste, and directions for effective management of agrochemical waste are determined. Reduction of soil and groundwater pollution in the implementation of effective waste management of agricultural enterprises, as well as measures to minimize the formation of agricultural waste, are summarized. The main measures in state incentives for the effective management of agricultural waste are identified.

Investments as a Factor of Sustainable Development of Rural Areas

Author(s): Dana Sultankhanovna Kurmanova,Aliya Sabirzhanovna ISMAILOVA,Gulim Kabikenovna Ukibayeva,Nailya Ermukhanovna ABDILDINOVA,Agipar BAKYEI / Language(s): English Issue: 3(67)/2023

Sustainable development of agriculture depends heavily on the efficient utilization of all production factors, such as a reinforcement of physical infrastructure, application of science and technology, industry investment, and innovations. Agriculture plays a key role in the Kazakh economy and its sustainable development defines the country’s economic and political position. Therefore, agriculture has a complex strategic value, and activation of investments and innovations is a defining factor for the sustainable development of agriculture. The purpose of the study is to research the investment as a source and develop proposals to increase the investment for the sustainability of agriculture. The "Data Analysis” package was used for the study in a combination with methods of logical and statistical analysis. The calculations show that the combined impact of factors leads to an increased capacity for sustainable development of rural areas. The expected research results may vary and depend on the stakeholders’ interests. The proposed model will contribute to investment attractiveness, reinforcement of the investment activity and practical investment to agriculture, a high-quality design of investment projects, and personal interest of each agricultural producer in the results of their actions. Altogether, this will provide a significant increase in the economic efficiency of the industry.

Przemiany mentalności mieszkańców wsi na przełomie XIX/XX wieku (rejestrowane w dyskursach publicznych oraz w źródłach etnohistorycznych)

Author(s): Bozena Józefów-Czerwińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 59/2022

The phenomenon of the cultural and social transformation of the rural population taking place at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century has been the theme of many academic studies. Nonetheless, certain contexts are still important for analysis, especially when we turn to ethno-historical sources. The systemic policy of Russification, a consequence of the fall of the January Uprising, continued during this period. Various groups of the Polish elite protested against this oppressive policy, at the same time recognizing the need to strengthen ties in peasant families with Polish national identity. Progressive elites, social activists, and others took up the mission of spreading education, recognizing the need to struggle against illiteracy, still prevalent among the rural population. Particular hopes were attached to educating young generations of peasants in the language, culture, and history of Poland. Undoubtedly, many people contributed to this process, but alongside them, the press also played in this issues an important role

CO O ZWYCZAJACH ŻYWIENIOWYCH MIESZKAŃCÓW WSI PODHALAŃSKICH MÓWIĄ LUDOWE NAZWY ROŚLIN?

Author(s): Ilona Kulak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article outlines the nutritional habits of the inhabitants of Podhale on the basis of the folk names of plants motivated by the vocabulary of food. The research material was collected in several villages in the Podhale region in the years 2016–2017. Several dozen units were analysed in which the nominating entity entered the terms of food, objects or activities related to the consumption of food or drink. The comprehensive description of the collected names was facilitated by two classifications – the first took into account the type of motivation (e.g. plant names motivated by shape, taste, performance properties, etc.), in the second – the meaning of lexemes written in phytonyms (semantic classes collecting plant names referring to particular types of food).

„Lex Deweloper” a ład przestrzenny

Author(s): Waldemar A. Gorzym-Wilkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The Act on facilitation the preparation and implementation of housing investments, commonly called as “Lex Developer”, in force since mid-2018, was enacted to ease the satisfaction of housing needs. However, its implementation may also have significant consequences for spatial order. The aim of the article is to identify these potentially negative effects. The Act creates, greater than the previous regulations, the possibility of determining the shape, also visual, of spatial development by spatial planning. At the same time, however, the implementation of this Act may deepen the dispersion of the development and, furthermore, generate spatial conflicts with the spatial development elements created on the basis of other regulations.