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Hedge mazes and landscape gardens as cultural boundary objects

Author(s): Katarzyna Kaczmarczyk,Montanae Salvoni / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2016

Despite their obvious functional and stylistic differences, hedge mazes and English landscape gardens have salient symbolic and structural similarities which make them fruitful objects of comparative analysis. Both invert the norms expected of interior and exterior spaces, of human cultivation and “wilderness”, creating landscapes of semiotic uncertainty. Being at once natural and cultural, both types of space present a “problem to be solved” either by reaching a centre or understanding a layout. Both “play” with the notion of boundary by constructing uncrossable and at times oppressive walls from seemingly fragile plant matter or by hiding their boundaries. At the same time there are important differences which make this comparison of boundary spaces even more interesting: hedge mazes and landscape gardens are distinguishable by their respective structural levels, the presence or absence of a centre, their relation to other parts of gardens and connected human habitations.

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Crossroads of Global and Local Identity in Contemporary Latvian Migrant Literature: Reflections on the Novel Stroika with a London View by W. B. Foreignerski (V. Lācītis)

Author(s): Ojārs Lāms / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This paper deals with the contemporary migration experience as seen through the subjective lens of a literary text. The analysis focuses on the novel Stroika with a London View by the Latvian diaspora writer William B. Foreignerski (Vilis Lācītis in the Latvian version). Foreignerski combines the portrayal of proletarians’ survival with entertaining and comical scenes from daily life. In the novel the story is told from the perspective of the narrator in the first person singular, thus the different relationships between the protagonist and the surrounding environment are already defined by this choice. In the novel the image of London is of great significance as a metropolis and multicultural city in which most of the events described in the novel occur. London is the key determinant for the poetics of intercultural literature in the novel – London can be a labyrinth, an initiation, a trap or a springboard. London as a city that can provide everything that life can offer gives one a chance not only to break away from the economic limitations at home but also from the ideological narrowness of the protagonist’s homeland as it is depicted in the novel. The start of the quest for a new life at the beginning of the novel is to a certain extent traumatic as it is characteristically in traditional emigrant literature. However, with the intercultural approach used by Foreignerski, the migration experience results in the freedom to accept new ideas and in gaining new horizons for the protagonist as well as for the reader.

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BRIEF CONSIDERATIONS ON URBAN POLITICS FROM A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

Author(s): Sonia Stoica / Language(s): English Issue: Supliment/2016

Today, most of the present political statements claim the necessity of reforming the administration, or even of simplifying of the administrative procedure. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to make some brief considerations on urban politics trying to find solutions in order to transform administration in the defender of the general interest and the needs of the citizens. We will approach this issue by presenting urbanism matter in comparison with the globalization effects.

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SPECIFIC SANCTIONS OF EUROPEAN URBAN PLANNING LAW

Author(s): Andrei Dutu-Buzura / Language(s): English Issue: Supliment/2016

The competences of the European Union in matters of urban planning are, if not extremely limited, at least diffuse, and most certainly indirect. Without being expressly mentioned within the contents of the Treatises, they are revealed in other field of competence of the European structures, such as environmental protection or the economic, social, and territorial cohesion policies. Moreover, aspects relevant to sustainable development, more precisely the sustainable development of the territory of the EU, includes important aspects of urban planning law. Regarding sanctions, they usually are, and remain, in the exclusive competence of the national legal systems. However, we can identify, within the European regulations in this field (for instance, directive 2004/35/EC on environmental liability or recommendation no. 2001/331/EC), certain minimal legality criteria for the given domain, beyond which, in theory, we must find ourselves in the troubled area of (urban planning) unlawfulness. An important part is played, under these circumstances, by the case law of the European Court for Human Rights that has many a time stated on the conformity of the sanctions specific to urban planning law, to the contents of the European Convention of Human Rights.

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The Efficiency of Applying NLP Principles in the Communication Between the Internet of Things and Smart City Citizens

Author(s): Alexandra Radu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Cities are expecting massive growth in the coming years; urbanization projects are looking at 2.5 billion more people living in cities. With that kind of growth, city government can no longer afford to lag behind in the digital landscape. Connecting, engaging and fulfilling of services between city and government will need to become increasingly digitized to keep up with rising demand while budgets remain tight, or in the near term, face deep cuts. Digital experiences can be made more efficient when complemented by NLP principles, image recognition and robotics, and these efficiencies translate to better experiences and reduced costs. In addition to larger smart city applications that cover utilities and traffic management, there are many opportunities to improve citizen engagement and city service delivery. Increasing citizen involvement in communication systems involving the idea of Smart City, automatically facilitates the population's access to the Internet of Things and determine assertive behavior, by applying the principles of neurolinguistics in communication between citizens and authorities through the cyber system that includes the citizen.

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FROM MEMORY TO LANDSCAPE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY – THE VILLAGE OF BEŽANIJA AND MY SOCIALISTIC CHILDHOOD

Author(s): Jelena Mrgić / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2021

Historians are raconteurs trained in telling stories and weaving them upon reliable sources. This text is written in a hybrid, polyphonic form, using personal recollections, childhood memories interlaced with visual testimonies – maps, photographs, city plans, and Ottoman and Habsburg documentary sources. It reconstructs a geographical part of the New Belgrade area. The area is situated in the former district of the village of Bežanija, tracking its environmental and landscape history. The great trailblazer in this sort of narrative is Simon Schama. His magnum opus Landscape and Memory, transgressing the disciplinary boundaries as a work of highest literary value, should have a more substantial impact on the ways we choose to tell the stories. The threads of the narrative presented here spin to the modern-day citizens’ struggle to preserve the historical heritage site of the original village and, in another sense, to stop the illegal constructions of private houses on the river flood difference infrastructure – the River Sava embankment. The interplay of the river, its floodplains and people needs to be further pursued with the collaboration of hydrogeologists, urban and environmental historians.

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Mobilnost i umreženost mletačkih kneževa u istočnojadranskim gradovima od kraja 13. stoljeća do Zadarskoga mira (1358.)

Author(s): Irena Benyovsky Latin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 61/2021

This paper explores the mobility and networking of Venetian Counts in Eastern Adriatic cities during the High Middle Ages, especially from the late 13th century to the Peace of Zadar. Individual persons, their service in specific cities, their families and other connections are followed chronologically in order to emphasize the importance of the Count’s office with regard to the political centre as well as the local communities. The paper emphasizes the “supra-local” significance of the Count’s office in the context of comparative research on the urban history of the Eastern Adriatic.

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Anda-Lucia Spânu, Vechi reprezentări grafice ale orașelor din România

Author(s): Delia Voina / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLIII/2014

Review of: Anda-Lucia Spânu, Vechi reprezentări grafice ale orașelor din România, Academia Română – Comisia de Istorie a Orașelor din România, Seria Contribuții privind istoria orașelor, vol. XII, Editura „ASTRA Museum”, Sibiu, 2012, 500 p., ISBN 978-973-8993-94-5

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Assessment of the possibility of establishing cultural parks in selected rural and small town areas in the Lublin Province

Author(s): Sebastian Bernat,Katarzyna Szczygieł,Aleksandra Mękal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The study objective was to identify and assess the cultural landscape resources in two counties in the Lublin Province (Poland) – county of Radzyń Podlaski and county of Łęczna – and to examine the public opinion about the establishment of cultural parks within these two counties. The research procedure included an analysis of district-level planning and strategy documents, a SWOT analysis, a field inventory, and a questionnaire survey. This research was preceded by an analysis of the functioning of cultural parks in other regions in Poland. An additional goal of the study was to join the global discussion about cultural parks. The research has shown that the county of Radzyń Podlaski and county of Łęczna have great potential for creating cultural parks. However, it is necessary to improve the public awareness (particularly of local governments and property owners) about the cultural park as a form of protection and the development opportunities related to its establishment e.g. revitalisation, tourism and recreation. System-wide changes in the scope of establishment and functioning of cultural parks are also advisable.

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Bacău 600. De la sat la oraş la confluenţa Bistriţei cu Siretul

Author(s): Ioan Mitrea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXVII/2008

The fulfillment of the 600 years since the first document of the city Bacau, in trading privilege given by Alexandru cel Bun to the Polish merchants of Liov on 6th October 1408, is an opportunity to reconstruct the historical evolution path from rural communities to urban areas, in fact ''the movement from village to town". The paper indicates that since prahistory, and the Neolithic age, when occurring in this region the first established communities of growers and producers, until the 14th century A.C. when the medieval urban centers were founded, there was a permanent rural life, in fact a succession of villages, followed by a permanent demographic increase, interrupted only by some calamities.

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UNELE CONSIDERAŢII CU PRIVIRE LA APLICAREA LEGISLAŢIEI AGRARE ŞI ADMINISTRATIVE ÎN COMUNA CALINEŞTI, JUDEŢUL ROMAN. ÎNTRE ANII 1864-1892

Author(s): Ioan Ungureanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXIV/1993

Întreaga legislaţie rurală din a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea poate fi considerată ca o continuare a aplicării reformei agrare din anul 1864, a acelor articole din legea iniţială care au rămas pentru a fi soluţionate ulterior, cerinţă amplificată şi de unele evenimente conjunc- turale, cum ar fi, spre exemplu Războiul de Independenţă, cu scopul manifest de atenuare a contradicţiilor şi nemulţumirilor din lumea satelor.

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PARCUL EMINESCU (LIBERTĂŢII) DIN BACĂU

Author(s): Lucia Antohi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXIV/1993

Oricine vizitează oraşul Bacău ramine plăcut impresionat de aspectul său modern, deschis, cu străei largi şi blocuri înalte, chiar dacă dimensiunea sa teritorială îl clasează printre oraşele mijlocii ale ţării, fiind în schimb, ca o compensaţie, printre primele centre economice româneşti.

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Mircea Cancicov - concitadinul nostru

Author(s): Jean Ciută / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXVI/2/1997

Există din totdeauna în comunităţile umane trăitoare oameni şi oameni. Unii, cu un caracer mai individualist, care-şi măsoară eforturile raportat la propriile interese, manifestând un mai scăzut grad de sociabilitate, fără a se implica prea mult în dezvoltarea de ansamblu a Cetăţii în care trăieşte, alţii, preocupaţi în egală măsură sau chiar mai mult, de binele obştesc, în care se include, desigur, şi binele personal.

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Aspecte privind protecția mediului în domeniul urbanismului. Jurisprudență relevantă în materie

Author(s): Dana Apostol Tofan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

L'étude examine d’un point de vue générale, l’influence de la protection de l’environnement dans le domaine du droit d’urbanisme et d’aménagement du territoire. D’un cote, il s’agit de l’évolution de la doctrine et de la législation dans la matière et de l’autre cote, il s’agit de l’analyse de la jurisprudence des instances du contentieux administratif concernant ces aspects.

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The Mobilization for Spatial Justice in Divided Societies: Urban Commons, Trust Reconstruction, and Socialist Memory in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Chiara Milan / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

The article contributes to the urban studies literature and the study of social movements in divided societies by disclosing the distinctive features and mobilizing potential that the notion of urban commons retains in a war-torn society with a socialist legacy. Specifically, it investigates how urban space and urban commons are reclaimed in a post-conflict and post-socialist country such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. By using Sarajevo as a case study, the article explores several grassroots initiatives undertaken by local urban activists to reappropriate cultural buildings and public space in the city. The study discloses that in a post-conflict and post-socialist society urban commons can bear a unifying potential as acts of commoning favor trust reconstruction processes and strengthen community ties. While the erosion of social ties and the legacy of the war might not encourage mobilization for the commons, the reference to socialist-era practices and language can represent a vantage point to advocate in favor of collective governance. Throughout their actions, urban activists instrumentally referred to the historical experience of socialism to develop a discourse that resonates with the domestic cultural environment. The article points also to a generational difference amongst activists in their references to Yugoslav state socialism. While long-time activists strove to critically reappraise it, the younger ones born in the immediate post-war period appear to hold a more superficial and ambivalent historical knowledge of the socialist heritage, to which they had only partial access and no lived experience.

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Playing Locally but Commuting to a Better School: Urban Planning and Education Policies in Parental Involvement Practices and Local Community Formation

Author(s): Marta Smagacz-Poziemska,Krzysztof Bierwiaczonek / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2022

In this article, we analyse the formation of local communities from the perspective of the practices of parental involvement. Adopting a practice-based approach to empirical research on six estates in three Polish cities, we reconstruct the connections between the spatial logics of the housing areas, national education, and housing polices, and their impact on the everyday life practices inside and outside the estate. Using the category of practice of parental involvement, we show the complex, long-term impact of state and local education policies on everyday life and, as a result, on the processes of structuring or fragmentation of territorial communities. The results of our qualitative studies not only develop knowledge about the connections between national polices and everyday life practices but also, we hope, could help to design effective public policies.

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Comportament electoral în mediul rural românesc

Author(s): Laura Maria Vasilache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (36)/2022

Electoral behavior constitutes an extremely important component in a democratic society, with a major impact on the whole country. This differs according to the environment in which the voter lives, and the electoral behavior of rural voters is important because rural Romania represents almost half of the country. Residents of rural communities are guided by different values and standards than those in urban areas, because many factors such as poverty, poor education, ageing population, traditional mentality intervene and make the rural voter have different motivations when choosing to participate in voting.

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The Imperativeness of Laterite in Building and Road Construction Sectors for Sustainable Infrastructure in Nigeria: A Review of Laterite for Socio-Economic Development

Author(s): Lucas Albert Jerome Hamidu,Aliyuda Yohanna Adamu,Yakubu Isheni / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2022

The challenges of housing accommodation and road construction due to insecurity and searching for socio-economic activities had over populated urban cities in Nigeria. In this study, a review on the importance of laterite as a significant engineering component used in building, road and dam constructions were reviewed. Laterite is formed due to weathering from the parent rock material, rich in iron and aluminium oxides. Quality laterites are obtained based on the geographical location and topography with rainfall above 90 cm. Better laterite is found in Nigeria’s central and southern regions, with 100-300 cm of rain. Therefore, Plateau State in the Northcentral region is endowed with natural resources such as laterite, which could be utilized in housing and road construction for low-income earners to own a house and ease access between the rural-urban communities to cushion the effect of the high cost of building materials.

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Differences in Housing Conditions between Adult Roma and Adult Romanians

Author(s): Nikki Khanna,Stephen J. Cutler,Roxana Andreea Marin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

This study addresses two questions: (1) Do the housing characteristics of people who self-reported themselves as Roma differ from the housing characteristics of people who self-reported themselves as ethnic Romanians? (2) If we find that the Roma are disadvantaged, are the differences due to ethnicity or to rural-urban status? To examine housing in Romania, we use the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series – International (IPUMS-I) data that are publicly available from the University of Minnesota’s Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation. These data – a 10 percent sample from the 2011 Romanian national Census – are useful for our purposes because (1) they are the most recent national data in Romania, (2) as a 10 percent sample of the 2011 census, the data set contains 1,658,727 non-Roma Romanians 18 years of age and older and 61,411 Roma 18 and older, and (3) this national census allows us to examine very specific household characteristics. The data are analyzed using cross-tabulation procedures and presented showing percentage and mean differences. To answer the two questions posed earlier, on every variable examined in our analysis, we find that the Roma’s particular housing characteristic is poorer than that of self-reported, ethnic Romanians; the same finding is true regardless of whether the person is living in a rural area or in an urban area. We conclude the article by summarizing specific findings, discussing the implications of our findings for social workers and for the Romanian government, and by pointing to additional directions for research.

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PORTRET BIOGRAFIC: PRIMARUL POET JOHANN NEPOMUK PREYER

Author(s): Mihaela Bedecean / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 31/2021

The study presents the biography of Johann Nepomuk Preyer, the first mayor of the modern town of Timişoara. His complex personality was defined by his remarkable activity both in local administration and literature. The first contact of the young Preyer with education took place in his native town Lugoj; he went on with studying in Timişoara and Szeged, Bratislava and Pest. He had a rapid professional way. Having come back to Timişoara, after he had obtained the advocate diploma, he was appointed in the county administration and began to activate in the political field. The 14 years he managed the Mayoralty of the Banat seat constitute a distinct chapter of his life. He succeeded to change the town shape, to lay the foundations of a modern administration and of a town sharing modernity. He understood the importance of supporting economy and also the bourgeois class. He had not a comfortable mandate, as he had in contrary to pass the difficult period of the Revolution of 1848 and of the years after, with the whole inconvenient picture the event had unleashed. His ambition to succeed in reconstructing the town came true after a continuous effort, and so that was the city father’s real reason to be gratified. His political opinions he had frequently publically exposed led to his removing from that function and to his departure from the Banat. His firstly concerned himself with literature during his youth when started to publish in the papers at the time. He was always interested in the questions of liberty, national movement, and social relations and those were also the main subjects of his literary work. Mayor Prayer stays linked with the modern name of Timişoara, a reference point in the administrative history of the city.

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