Viktimitet starih ljudi
The review of: „Viktimitet straijih ljudi/ The Victimology of Elderly People“ by Miomira Kostić; Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Centar za publikacije, Socijalna misao, Beograd, 2010, str. 247
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The review of: „Viktimitet straijih ljudi/ The Victimology of Elderly People“ by Miomira Kostić; Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Nišu, Centar za publikacije, Socijalna misao, Beograd, 2010, str. 247
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The global population aging highlights the problem of social exclusion of older people from all spheres of societal life, including from the social protection system. In R. Macedonia, also undergoing the process of demographic population aging, legislation in itself does not exclude older people from the social protection rights on any basis: nationality, gender, age, rural or urban belonging. However, the practice evidences situations of limited or impeded access to the social protection rights. The overriding obstacles are: complex administrative procedures and unsettled family relations (parents-children relations) that are quite often requirements for enjoyment of a specific social protection right. The lack and the underdevelopment of the forms of social protection anticipated by Law (such as home care and assistance, day care, foster care) results into older people having often only normative, but not concurrently a real access and possibilities to use those services. This situation imposes the need to overcome and eliminate the existing barriers in the practical implementation of the legislative regulations; to promote new forms of protection (non-institutional in the first place); as well as to develop and diversify the pension system in terms of introducing public and private pension schemes to cover diverse social services expenses that may occur in old age.
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This paper analyzes the continuing education of the elderly in relation to: the need, coverage, availability, quality secured, and obstacles in achieving what is defined by the laws in the education system. Education of the elderly should lead to significant progress on eradicating of poverty and overcoming the problems of the elderly in the systems of social protection, labor market / unemployment, health care which are leading to further social exclusion. Differences in education of the old population are source of status differences in later life. Exclusion of older people from continuing education is specifically expressed in those with incomplete primary, i.e. secondary education, and poorer people as well as people from rural areas. This opens space for the further exclusion of the elderly.
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The initiative for establishing the Third Age University in the Republic of Macedonia arose from the conclusion of the public debate on the topic: Education for Life in the Third Age, which was held on December 17, 1998, in the city of Skopje, where Prof. Dr. Laksinsky conveyed the experience of the third country universities: Poland, France , Slovenia and other countries.
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Care of the elderly in private institutions in the Republic of Macedonia Macedonia has a brief history, however, we believe that social work has built up a solid professional experience. In the direction of these achievements, the Rulebook on the norms and standards for establishing and starting the work of the institutions for social protection for the elderly is included, which obligatorily includes the work of a social worker. Also, great help for the work of social workers is the Rulebook on the manner of keeping content and records for the beneficiaries of social protection rights, including the rights and obligations of children with the care of children and the record is unified. The content of this paper is an explanation of the basic thematic content from the aspect of the method of social work in the institutions for care of the elderly.
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The aging of the population is a challenge for intergenerational support, privately within the family and public in the society. Concerns about intergenerational support are most often found in the younger generation: Will the younger ones continue to support the elderly? Within families, the question would be, do adults want and will be able to help their elderly parents? Intergenerational family ties are made up of both sides and should be equally interested in how aging the population can affect the two generations. Parents help their children for the most part and try to protect their children even when they need help. It is understood that the personal expectations and personal interest of the younger ones will influence how adults will behave toward their elderly parents. Subject of research in this paper are intergenerational links as support systems for the elderly and are studied through the six components of intergenerational support that allow for perceiving how intergenerational relationships affect intergenerational support. According to Bengtson and Schrader (1982); McChasney and Bengtson (1988), six dimensions of intergenerational support are defined: 1. support through friendship; 2. support through affection; 3. support through consent; 4. functional support; 5. normative support; 6. structural support. The conclusion of this research is made up of several segments: a) presents the new forms of intergenerational relationships, b) allows the perception of existing family relationships, c) reveals the causes of harmonious or disturbed intergenerational relationships, d) gives an account of the thoughts of the two generations, e) the analysis of the elements of the six components of intergenerational support allows for the identification of measures to overcome the misunderstandings between generations.
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The aim of this work is to show practice and opportunities for improvement of foster care for adults in Republic of Croatia and Republic of Macedonia, through a comparative analysis of the legal framework governing foster care. The analysis will focus on the comparison of certain statutory provisions that are related to foster care and state the main differences that exist in these countries. We will analyze the provisions relating to the types of foster care present in those countries, the accommodation capacities, the conditions to be met to perform foster activities, training and education of foster careers, the issuance of a license to conduct foster care and issues related with conclusion of the contract and compensation for foster carers. We will also display statistics about the current situation on the field of foster care in each country and propose guidelines for the further development of foster care for adults in Croatia and Macedonia.
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The number of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at age 50 and over is increasing due to increased life expectancy in patients treated with highly effective antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but also due to a new primary infections in older patients. It is expected that the number of people with HIV / AIDS will be further increased in the future due to progress in treatment, which will enable many currently infected persons to have longer life with AIDS and after a few years they will become part of a group of older people of 50 and more years. HIV / AIDS education and prevention programs are not targeted at the older population, the existing health care system does not adequately investigate risky behaviors in the elderly population, and most doctors rarely or never discuss HIV / AIDS or risk factors with their elderly patients. Since this is a vulnerable population, doctors, as well as geriatric experts, must be aware of all risk factors and alert them to older HIV / AIDS patients. The primary goal of research and treatment during the first two decades of the HIV / AIDS epidemic was to keep people alive and healthy as much as possible with various innovative therapies. By entering the third decade, it is time to focus on the quality of life of people infected with HIV.
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Poljoprivredni karakter SR Srbije i dominacija seoskog stanovništva u ukupnom stanovništvu zahtevaju poklanjanje izuzetne pažnje pojavama na selu, i to, kako nauke, tako i politike. Na žalost, ne možemo reći da je naša sociološka nauka bila na visini svojih obaveza i objektivnih mogućnosti.
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The impact of society on the suicide is an enigma that sociologists try to solve since E. Durkheim’s time. Determinants indicated by Durkheim have continued to act, but they are articulated differently today. During industrialization period in the West in the XIX century suicide rates were heavily increasing, but they were decreasing during the XX century. This contradicts the catastrophic vision in which economic development unavoidably leads to pathological forms of individualism, isolation, and thus to greater exposure to suicide, and induce to think about new forms of sociability having protective function, generated in modern developed societies. Increasing suicide rates in China, India and Russia may point to similar social destabilization patterns which the West experienced in the XIX century. But maybe the most striking result of contemporary research is the turnover of suicide rates according to ages of life. In Durkheim’s explication sheme regular increasing of suicide rates with aging was seen as a "natural fact". However, starting with petrol crisis in the 70-ies, suicide rates of the young have grown, and of the old have clearly stagnated or decreased in developed western countries. This strong growth points to the crisis of identity construction where the unemployement, dequalification and uncertainty of the job market are in the same time a sign of social denial of individuals personal value. Nevertheless, Durkheim’s conclusion " La misère protège" doesn’t seem to be valid any more: sucide rates regularly increase from the top to the bottom of social hierarchy. Suicide rates follow the mouvements of society in both large and short scale. If society is able to put its sign on such a personal act as a suicide, it does it even more efficiently on the other aspects of life.
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The social assistance system plays an important role in country development, through programs, services and benefits offered to all those who need help to socially rehabilitate or meet the challenges of society. At the same time, social assistance systems must have the capacity to reconfigure, new trends in the world and European, the natural evolution of technology and digitization of information, the globalization process, the new social problems that have arisen, and the internationalization social models. By this article, I would like to draw attention to the fact that all those working in this system of social services must take the risk of having an innovative vision of practices and methods of intervention and try not to eliminate any variation in the practice of assistance social fears of the major changes that will occur. A few years ago, you could not associate terms like robotics and social welfare services. At present, due to the project initiated by Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, we can talk about services such as robotherapy and psychotherapy through virtual reality. Since 2006, children have a free counseling and information service by phone. Elderly people also benefit from such a service from 2015. Websites and social media pages of public and private institutions operating in the social field, are aimed at increasing the level of access to useful information for all people in difficulty. All these measures are the result of the tendency of technology to provide social services offered, to digitize information and to absorb innovative methods in the practice of social assistance.
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The aim of this study was, through research of attitudes, to establish perception of loneliness and meaning of life of the elderly people who have the institutional and non-institutional support. The authors in the study started from the assumption that the attitudes of elderly people who have the institutional and non-institutional support does not have statistically significant difference in the perception of loneliness and meaning of life.The method of theoretical analysis and descriptive-analytic survey method was used from research methods. Short form UCLA Loneliness Scale (Allen and Oshagan, 1995) and the Purpose in Life test (Crumbaugh & Maholick, 1964) - adapted form of PIL test (Debats, 1996) were used from research instruments.The research sample consisted of 150 elderly people who use residential care as a form of support and 150 elderly people who live in their households and do not use the services of dormitory accommodation.The results of the research showed that elderly people living in their households show statistically significantly higher levels on a scale of loneliness than the elderly people who have institutional treatment. On the other hand, elderly people who have institutional social support show statistically greater values on the meaning of life scale than people living in their households. The variables sex and age were not statistically significantly associated with variables loneliness and meaning of life.
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The author proposes that ageing and old age can be seen as a universal process but also as something that can be differentiated both by time and place. In the central part of the article, the author contends that one way of approaching the topic, particularly if it is addressed as part of the United States polity, is through the lens of American Studies and, more specifically, through the work of R.W.B. Lewis and his idea of the American Adam. It is precisely the self-image of the United States as a country of youth that elides the significance of ageing from the disciplinary agenda. In addition, the author contends that the American socio-economic order marginalizes ageing as incompatible with its dynamics. In the conclusion, the author up-dates the issue and shows how today’s pension schemes affect what was precisely designated as a time of retirement.
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The rapid development of modern technologies and the Internet are the main reasons why that more and more institutions offer their services through the network. Access to the Internet and the use of modern technology moves into economic development and quality of life of society. In many industries having the IT competences is a prerequisite for getting a job. ICT technologies available (including social media and social networks) can and should be used also in the process of obtaining work. This article presents assess the use of web technologies in Poland for professional activation of Poles especially after 45 years of age.
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Nieubłagane zmiany demograficzne sprawiają, że rośnie procentowy udział – i liczba – osób w podeszłym wieku w społeczeństwie. Zaś wraz z zaawansowanym wiekiem wzrasta ryzyko utraty samodzielno ści, a nierzadko również popadania w zależność od długoterminowej opieki. To jedno z głównych wyzwań, jakie stoi przed społeczeństwem i państwem w nadchodzącej dekadzie. Warto przyjrzeć się temu, jak dziś działa system opieki nad osobami starszymi i jakie są jego słabe punkty.
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The contribution zooms the adaptation of older people to the environment of the institutional facility. It describes the phases of the behaviour of the elderly placed in the facility, as well as the behavior and attitudes of people who have entered a serious crisis. It shows the progress of the adaptation process and the problems associated with the adaptation of older people to the environment in the facility.
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Social inclusion and social exclusion of the elderly belong to the concepts the operationalization of which has started recently. The objective of this paper is to analyze the factors of social inclusion of the elderly who live in Belgrade. Therefore, a research, using a questionnaire, which included 781 elderly persons living in Belgrade, was conducted in 2019. The dimensions of their health, living standard and financial situation, as well as the quality of life and social participation, were in the focus of the research. Basic findings point to a negative correlation between years of life and all measured outcomes; a positive correlation between their education and subjective assessment of the quality of life and objective measure of social participation in the community; as well as an absence of gender differences in dependent variables, except for the mobility.
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Communication, as a social phenomenon, depends largely on the number of participants exchanging messages, as well as their interaction, which takes place at the intrapersonal and interpersonal levels. The aim of this scientific work was to investigate, analyze and present facts, which are important for communication relations in the process of protection and care of the elderly people. In any situation in which a person is the main subject of the communication process, communication that focuses on the individual's internal behavior should not be neglected that is, in-person communication or talking to yourself. In everyday communication, most people pay the utmost attention to what is being said, without considering how it is said. Is it necessary to remind that a beautiful word, with a smile, breaks all barriers in human communication. This can be extremely healing for those who are in their third age and who are referred to the help of others. The method of theoretical analysis was used in the research, and research on the importance of interpersonal communication in geriatric and gerontological institutions was presented. The study showed a positive observation, highlighting the attitude of employees of residential care facilities and their full commitment to service users in their best interests, and the humane attitude and respect for their dignity, as highlighted by numerous service users in their statements institution.
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Under the trend of population aging, people expect not only to prolong life expectancy, but to have healthy and quality life in the old age. Along with the independency of children, increasing disposable money and time would enhance the growth of ecotourism market. The accelerating population aging also expands the middle-aged and elderly ecotourism market. Aiming at the middle-aged and elderly eco-tourists to Guilin, total 420 copies of questionnaire are distributed, and 342 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 81%. The research results show significantly positive effects of 1.travel motivation on social relations, 2.social relations on mental state, and 3.travel motivation on mental state. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to help the middle-aged and the elderly participate in tourism activity and establish social relations to enhance the mental state.
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