ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ И ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВО ПРОВИНЦИАЛЬНОГО ГОРОДА В КОНЦЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX В. (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ИВАНОВО-ВОЗНЕСЕНСКА)

Author(s): Kirill Evgenievich Baldin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article is devoted to the features of Ivanovo- Voznesensk industrial development at the turn of the 20th century. It was one of the biggest industrial centers in pre revolutionary Russia. The problem and potential analysis of the local textile industry is made. Also it was studied in the connection with Ivanovo- Voznesensk professional schools activities research. Ivanovo-Voznesensk had more professional schools than contiguous cities.

Turkey’s refugees, Syrians and refugees from Turkey: a country of insecurity

Author(s): Ibrahim Sirkeci / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The European Union (EU) has faced one of its biggest crises with the rise of population inflows through its Eastern and Southern neighbours as well as movements within the Union. In 2016, the main debate that dominated Europe was on restricting migration within and into the EU along with concerns and objections to the refugee quota systems and the sharing of the burden among member states. Turkey emerged as a ‘gate keeper’ in this crisis and has since been at the centre of debates because of the large Syrian refugee population in the country and billions of Euros it was promised to prevent refugees travelling to Europe. The Syrian crisis produced over 4.8 million refugees with over 2.8 million were based in Turkey by the end of 2016. Turkey with its generous support for Syrian refugees has been confirmed as a ‘country of security’. This shadows the darker side of affairs as the very same country has also produced millions of asylum seekers since the 1980 military coup. Current circumstances and fresh evidence indicate that there will be more EU bound refugees coming through and from Turkey.

Даряването в Сватбите в България от средата на ХХ до началото на ХХІ век

Author(s): Milena Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The article is dedicated to one of the important moments in the wedding custom inBulgaria – the offering. It traces the ways in which since the second half of the 20thcentury the authorities try to influence the traditional forms of offering. The researchshows the differences in offering in the towns and villages and presents the reasonsfor them. It outlines the main trends in the last tree decades in the exchange of giftsbetween the newly-married couple and the guests which are characterized by theintensive penetration of foreign models.

Предговор

Author(s): Elya Tsaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

Science Can Be Fun – Murphy’s Law and Humour in Natural Science

Author(s): Milan D. Stojkovic / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This article considers the possibility of implementing Murphy’s law and humour in teaching natural sciences. First, it describes the origin and development of Murphy’s Law, and considers the origin and defining of postulates arising from the research, scientific work and teaching practice. The central part of the paper deals with the use of humour in teaching mathematics and science, resulting from teaching practice. In addition, it presents the comic elements from films, TV series, cartoons, and school television programs, books for children and youth, and scientific popular literature. It considers the choice of the use of these media and their adaption to the needs of teaching natural sciences.

БЪЛГАРИТЕ В ГЮМЮРДЖИНСКА ОКОЛИЯ: МОБИЛНОСТ/ИМОБИЛНОСТ, НАЦИОНАЛНА ИДЕНТИЧНОСТ, ФОРМИ НА ОБМЕН (КРАЯ НА ХІХ – НАЧАЛОТО НА ХХ В.)

Author(s): Maria Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

This article strives to demonstrate some of the aspects of Bulgarians’ lives in the indicated district and time period. Their local living lifestyle has been partially examined through the connection between the mobility/immobility of the people, the three forms of exchange of goods between the communities (work, marriage and education) and the national identity.There is a symbiotic connection between the mobile and the immobile population. Periodically, part of the people who are led by material reasons, social hierarchy, exogamy, matrilocalism of the marriage etc., begin to self-identify as Greeks. The rest of the community is self-identified by their Bulgarianism. During the last quarter of 19th century, the ethnical origin still does not limit the diverse individual statuses and roles. By the time of the Balkan war declaring the national identity transforms into a means for (re)defining and updating the internal and the external borders between these groups of Bulgarians, including their relations with the rest of the population within the region.

За дългия път на етнологията до училището

Author(s): Violeta Koceva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

The article in general follows the path of ethnological science in Bulgaria in order to highlight the changes in the discipline at the level of university readings. In brief, the path of the discipline is presented from the bottom up - from the collection of cultural artifacts to the construction of the science as a university discipline. As a result, there is a breakdown of ethnology from the applied sphere. Today the experience of different institutions to bring ethnology back to the bottom of the educational process - primary and secondary education – is fact. Public and cultural dynamics impose a need for our own and foreign cultures to have a real effect in building a personal level of sense of self-dignity, initiating tolerant and empathic behavior. The shaping and codification of ethnology as a science results in this distance, and the return path is imposed by the new dynamics of social and cultural reality in Bulgaria.

Възприятия и нагласи на учениците по важни обществени въпроси (данни от международното изследване на гражданското образование – ICCS 2016)

Author(s): Svetla Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2017

The article presents an analysis of data from International Civic and Citizenship Study (ICCS) 2016. ICCS 2016 includes 24 countries / regions, including 16 in Europe, 5 in Latin America, and 3 in Asia. The Bulgarian study is organized and carried out by the Center for Assessment in Preschool and School Education.

Приобщаващото образование – нормативни аспекти и казуси от практиката

Author(s): Yosif Nunev,Borislava Nedyalkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The proposed material is connected with the inclusive education topic and consist of two main parts: interpretation on the most recent regulations - the Pre-school and School Educationa Act and the Inclusive Education Ordinance and a discription of two actual case studies with students who have been subject to inclusive education.

Възгледи на български гимназисти за същността на науката и научното изследване

Author(s): Veska Noncheva,Zlatka Garova,Yordanka Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

This article presents the results of a diagnostic survey conducted in the academic school year 2016/2017, involving 937 students from non-specialized schools (secondary schools, language and maths high schools, vocational high schools) in 7 districts in Bulgaria. The survey was aimed at providing an overall picture of important aspects of scientific literacy as seen by Bulgarian high-school students. The survey tool was a modified version (Clough et al., 2010; Moss, 2012) of the SUSSI questionnaire – Student Understanding of Science and Scientific Inquiry (Liang et al., 2006), translated into Bulgarian. The quantitative analysis of the data gathered through multiple choice questions shows that 59% of the students involved in the survey had an undefined view, 37% – a forming view to an informed view, 3% – an informed view, and only 1% – a forming view to a naïve view. Students’ views dependencies on their cognitive outcomes, gender and the type of school they attend are highlighted through a correspondence analysis.

Възможности на езиковото и литературното обучение за развиване речта на учениците

Author(s): Miroslav Yanakiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Stany emocjonalno-społeczne wśród młodzieży akademickiej w okresie pandemii COVID-19 (raport z badań)

Author(s): Magdalena Owczarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2021

The research was conducted in 2020 and showed that the period of the pandemic will generally have a negative impact on the student’s community. Among students negative emotional states appeared that weakened the psyche of the respondents, and in some cases there was even a nervous breakdown and suicidal thoughts. The students lost their self-esteem, some were touched by a sense of psychological harm and suffering. Among students there were fears about the future and a real threat to the loss of one’s own health and that of relatives. Mental and physical fatigue of students, the impression of slowing down the passage of time and limitations in interpersonal contacts forced changes in the daily rhythm of the day and even corrections in their life plans. The pandemic situation also significantly reduced the pace and motivation to learn and the emergence of such conditions as loss of interests, decreased concentration, difficulty remembering. It may seem disturbing that already in the second wave of the pandemic, as many as 29% of coronersceptics were among the students who studied there. The positive phenomena were that the period of isolation contributed to drawing attention to the quality and quantity of interpersonal contacts and their proper appreciation, and the fact that the extremely burdensome situation did not result in resorting to stimulants and drugs in order to improve well-being.

Darwin’s On the Origin of Species in Russia and in the USSR: some aspects of translation and publication

Author(s): Mikhail B. Konashev / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2021

The translation of Ch. Darwin’s main and most well-known book, On the Origin of Species, had great significance for the reception and development of his evolution theory in Russia and later in the USSR, and for many reasons. The history of the book’s publication in Russian in tsarist Russia and in the Soviet Union is analyzed in detail.The first Russian translation of On the Origin of Species was made by Sergey A. Rachinsky in 1864. Till 1917 On the Origin of Species had been published more than ten times, including the publication in Darwin’s collected works. The edition of 1907– –1909 with Timiryazev as editor had the best quality of translation and scientific editing. This translation was used in all subsequent Soviet and post-Soviet editions. During Soviet time, On the Origin of Species was published seven times in total, and three times as a part of Darwin’s collected works.From 1940 to 1987, as a result of the domination of Lysenkoism in Soviet biology, On the Origin of Species was not published in the USSR.During the post-Soviet period, the book was published only two times, and it happened already in the 21st century. The small number of editions of Darwin’s main book in post-Soviet time is one of the consequences of the discredit of the evolutionary theory in mass media and by the Russian Orthodox Church as well as the rise of neo-Lysenkoism.The general circulation of nine pre-revolutionary editions of On the Origin of Species was about 30,000–35,000 copies. Only four editions which had been released in the USSR from 1926 to 1937 had the total circulation in 79,200 copies. Two post-Soviet editions published in 2001 and in 2003 had already a circulation of only 1,000 copies. Subsequent editions in each period of Russian history was thus some kind of an answer to the scientific, political and social requirements of the Russian society and the Russian state.

Feministyczna hałda pamięci

Author(s): Katarzyna Bojarska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The author analyzes women’s artistic practices, framed as manifestations of environmental art of memory of violence and destruction – both political violence directed against people and violence directed against nature. The analyzed artists appear not so much as contemporary incarnations of Benjaminian angel of history, but rather as figures who while turning backwards descent into the depths, and as such not so much look at the debris as they penetrate it. Their practice is seen here as learning from the coexistence with the matter of the past and the past of the matter – the theoretical tool that the author employs is that of the postindustrial heap (hałda). The author shows how, by analyzing the works of such artists as Joanna Rajkowska, Karolina Grzywnowicz, Diana Lelonek, one can think differently about the relationship with the past and even the very idea of historicity today.

REVISITING ZEMUN AND BELGRADE THROUGH THE LENS OF OTTOMAN MOBILITY (1772 – 1826)

Author(s): Zeynep Arslan Çalık / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The study of human mobility has been a crucial aspect of history, enabling the integration of diverse communities and cultures transcending socio-cultural differences and political boundaries. The focus of this study is the examination of the significance of Zemun and Belgrade in Ottoman mobility during the period of 1772 – 1826, documented by the Habsburg authorities. The registers entitled “Türkische Untertanen in den Erblanden, mit Listen” (Turkish Subjects in the Hereditary Lands, with Lists) contain information on 6,930 Ottoman subjects, dating back to as early as 1772, and encompassing a vast geographic expanse. This study aims to scrutinize the demographic, socio-economic, and geographical factors associated with Ottoman mobility, emphasizing the pivotal role played by Zemun and Belgrade in facilitating interaction with Europe and the Mediterranean region, particularly through commercial activities. The study provides conclusive evidence and novel data for further research.

(Non)responsibility for Refugees – Communicating about the Belarusian-Polish Border (2021–2023)

Author(s): Lidia Zessin-Jurek / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Given that two dramatically different refugee regimens have developed along Poland’s eastern border, this essay explores the social conditions and discourses that facilitate such a radically different treatment of people. The Polish state’s violation of human rights on the Belarusian section of the border and the celebration of these rights on its Ukrainian section have become part of media spectacles. This text analyses both the technical and content-related issues of communication about migrants and refugees from the Global South. It includes typologies of attributional biases in the media towards people on the move, discusses their functions and the ways towards a normalisation of violence. The final section historicises the current negative responses to refugees and sets them in the wider context of the uneasy obligations imposed on the “West” by its professed values. In doing so, this essay touches upon questions not only of a sense of social responsibility, but also of actual responsibility for the people who have died in Polish forests and rivers.

Политиката на Белград към турското и албанското малцинство в Югославската федерация с акцент на демографията от края на Втората световна война до смъртта на Тито

Author(s): Mariyana STAMOVA / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

In the article, the subject of research and analysis is the situation and status of the Turkish and Albanian minorities in the Yugoslav Federation after the Second World War, with an emphasis on Kosovo and Macedonia and the Yugoslav policy towards them. Because of the conflict with Kominform in June 1948 and the deterioration of the Yugoslav-Albanian relationship, the Belgrade leadership was worried about the reaction of the Albanian population in Yugoslavia. At the same time, to limit the demographic and ethnic invasion of the Albanians in Kosovo and Macedonia, Yugoslav authorities started a political campaign for their exportation. After the signing of the Yugoslav-Turkish agreement in 1953, which confirmed the convention from 1938 for the exportation of Turks from Yugoslavia in Turkey, the emigration into Turkey not only of Turks, but also Albanians, was legalized. Albanians in the Yugoslav federation got the possibility to define themselves as “Turks”, and thus to immigrate to Turkey (not Albania). In that way, many Albanians in Yugoslavia, mainly from Kosovo and Macedonia, declared themselves as “Turks”. In those years, Belgrade decided to intensify and renew the idea of emigrating the Muslim population, such as the Turks and Albanians, after World War II.

Пътища за демографско възстановяване на Източния дял на Горнотракийската низина през XV–XVI век

Author(s): Stefan Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

In these studies, with the help of unpublished Ottoman tax registers from the group of tapu tahrir defterleri, stored in the funds of the Ottoman Archives in the city of Istanbul, the question of the ways of demographic recovery of the settlements in the Eastern part of the Upper Thracian Lowland in the period 15th – 16th c., a consequence of the military actions conducted in the area in previous centuries. For the realization of the set goal, in addition to the mentioned Ottoman Turkish documents, the achievements of modern historiography on these problems were also used. It was established that the region suffered greatly from the military actions in the period of the 12th – 14th c. At the end of the 15th c., the demographic crisis was overcome as a result of the settled slaves, freed slaves, representatives of various nomadic groups, population from the areas of military actions and the voluntary or forcibly resettled population from other parts of the Ottoman Empire. Examples of both Muslim to- non-Muslim and Christian-to-Christian slavery are presented.

За съдбата на немюсюлманското население от Централния дял на Дунавската равнина и Предбалкана по време на Дългата война (1593–1606)

Author(s): Krastyo Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2024

This article aims to elucidate the demographic consequences of the military campaigns led by the Wallachian voivode Mihai Viteazul south of the Danube River, as well as the possible events that took place during the First Tarnovo Uprising of 1598. The main sources used for comparison are the timar register of the Nikopol sanjak from 1579 and the two cizye registers from 1599–1602, which detail the non-Muslim taxpayers in the Nikopol and Tarnovo vilayets. The research method involves comparing data from different years across two or more registers, a preferred approach in previous ethno-demographic studies. This comparison allows for the calculation of population numbers and changes over time. The records clearly indicate significant demographic shocks in the regions of Oryahovo, Nikopol, and Pleven, with many villages and towns that flourished in 1579 becoming severely depopulated. The author attributes these changes to the devastation and population displacement caused by Mihai Viteazul’s 1598 campaign. According to the cizye register of the Tarnovo vilayet, drawn up shortly after the events of 1598, the total number of non-Muslim households in the Tarnovo region slightly increased in 1599–1600 compared to the 1579 timar register. This finding supports the notion that the First Tarnovo Uprising was not widespread and did not cause significant demographic upheavals, which would be expected in the case of a major uprising and subsequent Ottoman reprisals.

GLOBALIZATION AND CULTURAL RESILLIENCE: OPORTUNITY OR THREAT?

Author(s): Doina David / Language(s): English Issue: 40/2025

This paper aims to explore the phenomenon of globalization from the perspective of its profound influence on world cultures, generating both opportunities and threats. On the one hand, globalization facilitates the exchange of ideas, cultural diversity, and access to new perspectives, contributing to the evolution of collective identities. On the other hand, cultural homogenization and the dominance of Western models can lead to the erosion of local traditions and the loss of national identities. From this perspective, we analyze the process of cultural resilience, which becomes essential for communities, enabling them to adapt to global changes without losing their specificity. Thus, globalization can be both an opportunity for cultural enrichment and a threat to diversity, depending on each society’s ability to protect and capitalize on its cultural heritage.