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Beitrag zur Anthropologie Spätrömischer bis Spätmittelalterlicher Bevölkerungen Jugoslawiens

Beitrag zur Anthropologie Spätrömischer bis Spätmittelalterlicher Bevölkerungen Jugoslawiens

Author(s): Živko Mikić / Language(s): German Issue: 22/1984

U priloženom radu je učinjen pokušaj, prvo, da se na jednom mestu sakupi i interpretira sav antropološki materijal istorijskih perioda Jugoslavije prikupljen i publikovan zaključno sa 1982. godinom i, drugo, da se uz pomoć multivarijabilnih biostatističkih metoda dobije slika o antropološkoj strukturi i etnogenezi stanovništva od rimskog perioda do kasnog srednjeg veka. Tematski, ovaj rad je zapravo nastavak studije o stanju i problemima fizičke antropologije praistorijskih perioda na tlu Jugoslavije. Jedan od glavnih ciljeva ostao je praćenje mikroevolutivnih procesa, pre svega procesa brahikranizacije i dinarizacije stanovništva — paralelnih bioantropoloških procesa najkarakterističnijih za antropogenezu na Balkanskom poluostrvu. Tu, svakako, spada i proces metizacije autohtonog stanovništva sa različitim doseljenicima (npr., romanska retorta, seoba naroda, slovenska ekspanzija). Osnovu za ovu studiju čine 42 raspoložive antropološke serije (pojedinačni nalazi zbog metodoloških pravila nisu uzeti u obzir, a sem toga oni svojim brojem predstavljaju sasvim zanemarljiv deo) sa ukupno oko 5000 individualnih skeleta, od čega je autor obradio 17 serija sa oko 2000 individua (lokaciju videti na karti I). Za razumevanje i diferenciranje elnogenetskih i antropogenelskih procesa neophodno je u najkraćim crtama osvrnuti se na ključne istorijske elemente pomenutog razdoblja (prema Istoriji Jugoslavije, Beograd 1972). Da rezimiramo, jedna od najstarijih etničkih poznatih grupa na teritoriji Jugoslavije bili su Hiti, tj. plemenski savez nastao pretežno u zapadnom delu Balkanskog poluostrva. Vrlo brzo je došlo do neprijateljskih odnosa sa Rimskim Carstvom, pri čemu su Iliri bili poraženi. Osvojene su najpre seveme oblasti istočne jadranske obale, a u nastavku ratovanja — za vreme vladavine Oktavijana Avgusta — ćelo Balkansko poluostrvo je postalo deo Rimske Imperije. Na početku velike suprotnosti između balkanskih starosedelaca i rimskih pridošlica vremenom su se izmenile, tako da je iz antagonizma stvorena jedna vrsta simbioze. Jezik i kultura starosedelaca su, na određen način uključeni u rimsku svakodnevnicu na Balkanu i obrnuto. Stanovnici provincija služili su u rimskoj vojsci, tako da su veliki deo svog života provodili na granicama Carstva, šireći u isto vreme rimski način života i kulturu uopšte. rojevima od 1 do 17), polna pripadnost individualnih skeleta je određivana na osnovu 21 polno-morfološkog elementa na lobanji i postkranijalnom skeletu (1. tuber frontale et parietale, 2. glabela — arcus supercilialis, 3. processus mastoydeus, 4. protuberantia occipitalis externa, 5. squama occipitalis, 6. margo supraorbitalis, 7. arcus zygomaticus, 8. faciès malaris, 9. corpus mandibulae, 10. trigonum mentale, 11. angulus mandibulae, 12. capitulum mandibulae, 13. angulus pubis, 14. pelvis maior, 15. pelvis minor, 16. foramen obturatum, 17. incisura ischiadica maior, 18. sacrum, 19. caput femoris, 20. femur-linea asperae i 21. clavicula). Kod nepotpuno očuvanih skeleta pol je određivan na osnovu očuvanih primarnih elemenata na karlici, lobanji i femuni. Kod određivanja individualne starosti dece (do oko 14 godina života) primenjivana je lista po Kronfeldu (1954). Za period života od 15 do 21, odnosno do 23 godine korišćeni su dijagrami Wolf-Heideggera (1954). Za određivanje smrtnosti odraslih osoba korišćeni su kombinovani klasični metodi (obliteracija šavova Iobanjskog svoda, kompaktnost mase spongioze u glavama femura i humerusa, površinska struktura karličnih simfiziona (naročito važno kod ženskog pola), kao i atricija gornje krunične površine zuba-molara). Iz rimskog perioda potiče svega 6 antropološki obrađenih serija iz Jugoslavije. Brojem su nešto bogatije serije ranog srednjeg veka, koje u osnovi prezentiraju predslovensko stanovništvo. Dendrogram 12 pokazuje koeficijente međusobne sličnosti tog stanovništva na osnovu Penroseove distance. Razgranatost klastera nije signifikantna, nego, naprotiv — relativna homogenost. Svega nekoliko rastojanja parova povezano je na nivou najveće sličnosti, konkretno ispod 2,00: Između serije Ptuj 1946, s jedne strane, Grudine-Čipulić i Nin-Ždrijac, s druge strane, zatim između Radolišta i Svetog Erazma. Skala rastojanja se praktično završava kod koeficijenta 0,720. Jedini izuzetak predstavlja serija iz Daraž- Bošnjaka, koja stoji jako izolovano. Relativno je bogat skeletni materijal iz perioda kasnog srednjeg veka, koji obuhvata pretežno slovenske, ali i druge starosedelačke grupe. Odgovarajući dendrogram (13) ocrtava ispod kritičnog koeficijenta (ispod .200) serije Viminacium- Nad lugom, Sombor i Sentu. Optički posmatrano, u istom dendrogramu jasno se razlikuju dva supklastera. Prvi obuhvata Dobraču (1), Vrbas (2), Brestovik (5), Kalemegđan 1972 (12); drugi Rašku Gora (3), Viminacium-Nad Lugom (6), Sombor (7), Sentu (13), Vinču (4), Pavlovac (8), Kuline (9) i Glavicu (10). Sasvim izolovano mesto zauzima serija Kalemegđan 1968, a koja je pripisana mongoloidima (Mađarima). Kao što je u uvodu već napomenuto, jedan od ciljeva ovoga rada je, svakako, pokušaj tumačenja procesa brahikranizacije. Zbog toga bi se trebalo ukratko osvrnuti i na antropološke nalaze praistorijskih perioda. Još početkom ovog stoleća utvrđeno je da se između seveme i južne Evrope prostire jedan pojas »kratkoglavog stanovništva«. Prema kartama rasprostranjenosti karakterističnih kombinacija osobina (Ripley, Biasutti, Struck) , ovaj pojas recentnog stanovništva zahvata jugoistočnu Francusku, južnu Nemačku, oblast Alpa kao i oblast dinarskih planina u Jugoslaviji. Taj pojas kratkoglavog stanovništva (alpskog i dinarskog tipa) prvi put je u prošlosti pouzdano identifikovan na nalazima iz"perioda gvozdenog doba što je autor i utvrdio u ovoj studiji. Sasvim je pouzdano da je jedan centar brahikranizacije postojao i na Balkanskom poluostrvu. Ali, pojedinačno nađene brahikrane lobanje, npr. sa teritorije Jugoslavije, vezuju se i za ranije praistorijske epohe, konkretno za protoneolitske i neolitske serije u Đerdapu. Zatim se nešto kasnije pojavljuju u starčevačkim slojevima u Vinči kod Beograda i u slojevima II—IV u Smilčiću na jadranskoj obali. U mlađem neplitu i eneolitu Jugoslavije brahikrane lobanje, s obzirom na sadašnji stupanj istraženosti, nisu utvrđene. Uopšte uzevši, ovi periodi su vrlo slabo zastupljeni antropološkim nalazima. Sasvim jasno, u bronzanom dobu na Balkanskom poluostrvu dolazi do izražaja proces brahikranizacije i uporedo dinarizacije. Počeci ovog procesa verovatno sežu u dublju prošlost, koja se, međutim, na sadašnjem stupnju istraženosti ne može sasvim pouzdano odrediti. S druge strane, i etničke pođele na Balkanu poprimaju pouzdane kriterij ume u bronzanom dobu. Sasvim globalno interpretirano, zapadni delovi su nastanjeni ilirskim, a istočni tračkim etno-kulturnim grupacijama. Razlike na dijagramu ispoljene između severnih i južnih jugoslovenskih oblasti u sklopu brahikranizacionog procesa mogle bi da ocrtavaju i etno-istorijske razlike. Naime, severne jugoslovenske oblasti (iznad Save i Dunava) manje su brahikrane od južnih, što može da bude posledica činjenice da je germansko, avarsku i kasnije slovensko naseljavanje u ravničarskim oblastima bilo intenzivnije. Nasuprot ovakvoj situaciji, u južnim planinskim oblastima udeo autohtonog stanovništva (dinarskog antropološkog tipa) u daljem antropo- i etnogenetskorn razvoju u pravcu recentnog stanovništva daleko je viši nego u prethodnom slučaju.

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MULTIVARIJATNA KLASIFIKACIJA OPĆINA HRVATSKE KAO MOGUĆA METODA REGIONALIZACIJE REPUBLIKE

MULTIVARIJATNA KLASIFIKACIJA OPĆINA HRVATSKE KAO MOGUĆA METODA REGIONALIZACIJE REPUBLIKE

Author(s): Stanko Rihtar,Ivan Rimac,Maria Oliveira-Roca / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/1992

By applying factor analysis to the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of county districts (former communes), seven synthetic indicators of greater generality have been produced. The classification of the districts by the cluster analysis method came up with 22 microregions which well reflect the distinctions of economic and demographic development, as well as the national structure of the districts. The distribution follows in part the previous political division into associations of communes, but with greater consideration for differences among the districts.

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BRAIN DRAIN AND TAX COMPETITION: DO WE NEED ANOTHER BEPS?

BRAIN DRAIN AND TAX COMPETITION: DO WE NEED ANOTHER BEPS?

Author(s): Nikolai Milogolov,Azamat Berberov / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

In the article we argue that the origins of the international tax base erosion in the corporate sector, which are the harmful tax competition for capital and old-fashioned international tax rules, are also relevant for the taxation of income of the high-skilled and mobile workforce. Therefore, a multilateral rethinking of the global tax architecture is proposed in order to conceptually address the problem properly and in a harmonized manner. We point out, based on the examples of Russia and Serbia, several problems of tax base erosion for mobile “talents”, with a case study analysis of scenarios of “talent” migration involving sportspersons, researchers and IT specialists. Finally, we propose some ideas for global tax cooperation in order to mitigate the negative tax effects of brain drain based on adapting the existing recommendations of the BEPS Project for the cases of migrating individuals.

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Između distancirane crkvenosti i intenzivne osobne religioznosti: religijske promjene u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2018. godine

Između distancirane crkvenosti i intenzivne osobne religioznosti: religijske promjene u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2018. godine

Author(s): Krunoslav Nikodem ,Siniša Zrinščak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2019

This paper analyses religious changes in Croatian society based on the results of three waves of the European Values Study research, done in Croatia in 1999, 2008 and 2018. The paper explains changes in religiosity according to two sociological dimensions: Church religiosity and personal religiosity. The results show the continuation of a slight decline of Church religiosity, already registered by the 2008 research data, and in particular in relation to church attendance and the public role of the Church, while personal religiosity has remained relatively stable. In addition, these two dimensions of religiosity are analysed in relation to basic socio-demographic characteristics and political orientation. Women, persons with lower education, whose parents are less educated and who are from smaller settlements are more inclined to both Church and personal religiosity. Church and personal religiosity are not only connected with the right-wing political orientation, but this connection has been on the rise in the analysed period.

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"Važno je imati moćnog vođu!" Analiza autoritarnosti u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2018. godine

"Važno je imati moćnog vođu!" Analiza autoritarnosti u hrvatskom društvu od 1999. do 2018. godine

Author(s): Krunoslav Nikodem / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2019

The primary goal of this paper is the analysis of authoritarianism in Croatian society which is based on the results from the European Values Study. In a theoretical sense, we are following Bob Altemeyer’s concept of authoritarianism, which is defined as the combination of three attitudinal clusters–authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression and conventionalism (Altemeyer, 1988). The analysis is divided into two parts. In the first part we analyse separately eight particles which comprise our authoritarian construct with the basic socio-demographic characteristics for the year 2018. In the second part we use the authoritarianism index as criterion for the three-predictor model (socio-demographic characteristics, religiosity and trust). On the basic level, the results show an increase of those who consider that having a strong leader is good and that it would be a good thing to have greater respect for authority in the near future. Further analysis shows that a lower level of education, the importance of God in life, and trust in the Church are the most important predictors for authoritarianism in Croatian society.

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A Brief Scale to Measure Marital/Relationship Satisfaction by Domains: Metrics, Correlates, Gender and Marriage/ Relationship Status Differences

A Brief Scale to Measure Marital/Relationship Satisfaction by Domains: Metrics, Correlates, Gender and Marriage/ Relationship Status Differences

Author(s): Renata Glavak Tkalić,Tihana Brkljačić,Lana Lučić,Ines Sučić,Ljiljana Kaliterna Lipovčan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The aim of the study was to analyse psychometric properties of the Marital /Relationship Satisfaction Scale (MRS) developed for the purpose of this research, and its association with other well-being indicators. Additionally, differences in well-being between participants who were married or in a relationship and single participants, and gender differences were tested. The sample consisted of 1087 adult internet users from Croatia. We assessed general well-being, satisfaction with specific life domains, marital/relationship satisfaction and demographic variables. MRS proved to be a reliable single factor instrument which correlated moderately with all well-being indices, but highest with satisfaction with love life and family relations. Men and women did not differ regarding MRS. Participants who were married or in a relationship showed higher levels of well-being.

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The Nexus Between Population and Economic Growth In Ethiopia: An Empirical Inquiry

The Nexus Between Population and Economic Growth In Ethiopia: An Empirical Inquiry

Author(s): Adisu Abebaw Degu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The link between population growth and economic growth has been becoming of most significant interest for researchers. However, there is no consensus among economists and researchers about the interaction between population and economic growth. Using time series data spanning from the period 1981 to 2018, this study examined the population-economic growth nexus in the second most populous African nation-Ethiopia. The study used yearly time series data spanning from 1981 to 2018, Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests, Auto-regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration approach and Toda-Yamamoto Causality tests. Population and economic growth (Proxied by GDP) have a long-run association, as confirmed by the bound test co-integration approach. From ARDL model estimates, population growth is found to have a negative and significant effect on economic growth, both in the short-run and in the long-run. Likewise, growth in GDP affects population growth positively and significantly-both in the short-run and long-run. The TodaYamamoto Granger-Causality test revealed that, there is a unidirectional causality running from population to economic growth. The current (as of 2019) number of the total population of Ethiopia exceeds 110 million— making the country the second-most populous nation in Africa. With the prevalence of high fertility rate and mortality rate, unemployment, and poverty, the population is not expected to bring economic development in general and economic growth in particular. Hence, it is advised to the concerned body that anti-natal policies that discourage the fertility rate, need to be re-considered to supplement with economic growth policies. This paper provides an empirical study of population-economic growth nexus in Ethiopia- a low-income country with a rapidly growing economy but also a rapidly increasing population and labor force. An understanding of such an issue would provide a reliable input for formulating development policies. However, up to the best of my knowledge, there is limited empirical research about population-growth nexus growth for the case of Ethiopia.

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Situația demografică a unei comunități ortodoxe de pe Valea Bârgăului la începutul secolului XX (Josenii Bârgăului 1901-1920)

Situația demografică a unei comunități ortodoxe de pe Valea Bârgăului la începutul secolului XX (Josenii Bârgăului 1901-1920)

Author(s): Iulius Liviu Ușeriu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2019

Întemeiat pe datele oferite de registrele confesionale ale localității Josenii Bârgăului (Borgojoseni sau Alsóborgó), studiul de față analizează evoluția către modernitate a atitudinilor mișcării populației în primii douăzeci de ani ai secolului XX. Cu o populație majoritar românească, de confesiune ortodoxă, satul, aflat la granița Imperiului Austro-Ungar și apoi, pentru doi ani, în România Mare, cunoaște pecetea războiului, care influențează demografia acestei zone. Indicatorii oferiți de ritmul nașterilor și prezența nașterilor ilegitime, a căsătoriilor în funcție de sezon și exogamie, a mortalității pe grupe de vârstă, scot la iveală întrepătrunderea dintre lumea tradițională a satului și provocările începutului de secol XX din punct de vedere demografic. Acest studiu, alături de altele de acest fel pentru satele de pe aceeași vale, își dorește să creioneze o viziune de ansamblu asupra demografiei zonei prin prisma registrelor confesionale ortodoxe.

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Transitions Online_Society-Houses and Fences
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Transitions Online_Society-Houses and Fences

Author(s): Andrada Fiscutean,Sorina Vasile / Language(s): English Issue: 05/25/2020

Looking for safety and control, some Romanians are moving into isolated residential complexes.

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Belarusian Millennials: A Generation Gap?

Author(s): Larissa Grigoryevna Titarenko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

The authors focus on the generation of young Belarusian Millennials represented in this research by the students born in 1995–2000. Their main features include political indifference, everyday use of IT technologies, individualism and rational life attitudes. Taking into account both objective and subjective characteristics of this generation, the authors argue that it demonstrates a significant shift in societal development of Belarus. Under the social and cultural conditions of stability and political conservatism, the ‘silent revolution’ took place: Millennials transcoded the traditional values of the previous Soviet generations. The conceptualization of this phenomenon cannot be made only on the basis of quantitative data not capturing the new tendencies in youth development. The authors combine qualitative and quantitative methods that enhance a possibility to measure new meanings the youth puts into the basic values. This approach made it possible to discover the new youth features that may affect Belarusian development in the near future: its ambivalent self-identification, dominance of pragmatism and individualism. This phenomenon can be considered as a spontaneous reflection to the challenges that Belarus was facing during the post-Soviet transformation.

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Šeiminio gyvenimo kelio trajektorijos: sekų analizės rezultatai

Šeiminio gyvenimo kelio trajektorijos: sekų analizės rezultatai

Author(s): Aušra Maslauskaitė,Irma Dirsytė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 2/2020

This paper aims to analyse the family life course trajectories of 1970–1984 birth cohorts in Lihuania. It applies the sequence analysis methods and is based on the Families and Inequalities Survey Dataset collected in 2019. The method provides the opportunities to examine the family life course in a holistic way and has not been used in family demography research in Lithuania so far. The results prove that cohabitation became a normative event in the family formation process, the duration of cohabitation increases, however marriage remains the dominant family arrangement for childrearing. Clasterization of sequences revealed four models of family life trajectories, that reflect the diversity and de-standartization of the family life course.

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Tapsmas suaugusiuoju: išėjimas iš tėvų namų paskutinėje sovietmečio ir pirmojoje posovietinėje kartose

Tapsmas suaugusiuoju: išėjimas iš tėvų namų paskutinėje sovietmečio ir pirmojoje posovietinėje kartose

Author(s): Laura Daukšaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 44 (01)/2019

The article presents a research on trajectories of leaving the parental home in the last Soviet and the first post-Soviet generations. It focuses on social transformation of the state during the transition from the Soviet to the post-Soviet and its impact on the life-course of these generations. In our study, we applied a dyadic approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with women of the last Soviet generation (born in 1962–1972) and their children (born in 1992–2002), who represent the first post-Soviet generation. Early changes in and the differentiation of the timetable of transition to adulthood of the last Soviet generation indicated a declining effect of ideologically supported social structures on the life-course of young adults and the growing power of individual decision to leave the parental home or stay within. The rapidly increasing globalization and a transformed economy shaped a new structural environment for the coming of age for the first post-Soviet generation; therefore, we can interpret the further pluralization, de-standardization, and differentiation of the timetable of the transition to adulthood of this generation as a reaction of young people to the emerging risks and insecurities.

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Banjolučka župa kroz četiri posljednja stoljeća
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Banjolučka župa kroz četiri posljednja stoljeća

Author(s): Velimir Blažević / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 52/2020

Gorički arhiđakon Ivan u popisu župa i crkava Dubičkog arhiđakonata u Zagrebačkoj biskupiji g. 1334. navodi u Vrbaškom kotaru ili županiji crkvu sv. Martina „sub castro“ i bl. Elizabete „de foro“. Povjesničari prvu lociraju na mjesto gdje se u Banjoj Luci potok Suturlija ulijeva u Vrbas (u Gornjem Šeheru), a drugu na lijevu obalu potoka Crkvena, kod gradske malte prema Laušu. Iz toga se da zaključiti da je na području današnje Banje Luke i njezina okruženja postojala župa još u 14. st., a bez sumnje i mnogo prije.

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СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНАЯ ДЕТЕРМИНАЦИЯ ПОЗДНЕГО ДЕТОРОЖДЕНИЯ И МЕРЫ СЕМЕЙНО-ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В ОБЛАСТИ РОЖДАЕМОСТИ (На материалах Республики Мордовия)

Author(s): Leonid Ivanovich Savinov,Tatyana Vladimirovna Solovyeva,Dinara Asymovna Bistyaykina,Alyona Sergeevna Karaseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The article presents the results of theoretical and empirical study of the problem of postponing childbearing by women of childbearing age from 18 to 44 years in the Republic of Mordovia. The characteristics of the Russian specificity of delayed childbearing by women are given. The factors promoting this process, including those existing at the level of an individual woman, as well as the factors of support at the state level are revealed. The empirical material shows that, despite the fact that the policy of the state paying sufficient attention to the process of transformation in all spheres of society, aimed at increasing the demographic potential of the population, the majority of respondents consider themselves to be unprotected in the sphere of motherhood and childhood. In accordance with such attitude women try to postpone the birth of a child to a later time (on the average — to 35—39 years). The authors of the study took into account individual and personal characteristics of women in the areas of: financial assistance and support, career growth and self-realization, healthy lifestyle, mental health, medical care, legal protection, demographic processes. It was revealed that reproductive attitudes of women aged 26—35 years differ little from those of women aged 36—44 years. Additional measures of the state support promoting the solution of problems of “real” and “potential” mothers in the Republic of Mordovia are allocated. The authors evaluate the impact of the regional measures on the problem. In addition, as promising areas of family and demographic policy in the field of fertility, the following should be noted: a set of financial measures, including both ensuring a minimum standard of living for employees taking into account their marital status, labor adaptation of women in the decree, and a proportional increase in benefits for the second and subsequent child; strengthening measures of targeted support in the system of social protection of the family; protection of reproductive health of the population from adolescence; reorientation of measures of family and demographic policy of the country from the conceptual component to strategic planning. The recommendations aimed at the development of effective measures and the creation of effective conditions focused on the compromise interaction between women and the state, taking into account the reproductive interests of the female population and the needs of society in the reproduction of the population. Such measures can be effective if all public authorities work together in a comprehensive manner to provide adequate assistance to women of childbearing age.

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KAPİTALİZMDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET VE SINIF İLİŞKİLERİ: TOPLUMSAL YENİDEN-ÜRETİM YAKLAŞIMLARININ BİR ELEŞTİRİSİ

KAPİTALİZMDE TOPLUMSAL CİNSİYET VE SINIF İLİŞKİLERİ: TOPLUMSAL YENİDEN-ÜRETİM YAKLAŞIMLARININ BİR ELEŞTİRİSİ

Author(s): Cihan Özpinar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2020

This article examines the theoretical insights developed on the basis of Marxian critique of political economy by Socialist-Feminist literature that focuses on the connection between gender relations and capitalist mode of production. This literature, which understands the causality relation between capitalism and women’s oppression within the framework of social reproduction theory, does not only provide a significant contribution to the women’s movement but also provokes fruitful discussions on the actual workings of capitalism. In order to appreciate the importance of this contribution, the article first reviews the preliminary attempts of the 1970s that focus on the connection between capitalism and patriarchy; it then goes on to examine, in a thematic way, the different approaches in social reproduction theory, adopted as response to impasses in this early literature, through notions of relative autonomy of ideology, articulation of modes of production, and unity of capitalist production and reproduction; and finally, it concludes with a critical discussion of the limits and impasses of social reproduction theories from a historicalmaterialist perspective.

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Türkiye’de Demografik Dönüşüm ve Yaşlı İşçiler

Türkiye’de Demografik Dönüşüm ve Yaşlı İşçiler

Author(s): Umut Ulukan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2020

Turkey has been facing the challenge of an population ageing due to low fertility and mortality rates in the recent years. However studies on ageing and ageing issues in Turkey, in particular in the social sciences literature, are limited. This study focuses on the increasing employment of elderly people with the aging of the population and the phenomenon of older workers in the labor markets. First current demographic transition process and population ageing charateristics in Turkey are discussed. Secondly the main features of elderly employment are analysed. Then fundamental changes of the elderly employment in Turkey –such as the working conditions of older workers, the sectoral distribution of elderly employment, gender inequality, poverty and social insecurity, occupational health issues- over the last decades are examined. Finally, this paper try to identify the main trends of the elderly employment which is expecting to increase in the coming years in Turkey.

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Reading the Funnel Beaker culture village in Central Poland. Intra -site organization and population size

Reading the Funnel Beaker culture village in Central Poland. Intra -site organization and population size

Author(s): Andrzej Pelisiak / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2017

The paper focuses on the settlements of the Funnel Beaker Culture (FBC) in the Grabia River Basin, relatively small part of Central Poland, covering an area of 813 km2. The Grabia Basin project, to which this paper is linked, was based upon multidisciplinary archaeological research (1982—1998 field seasons) that focused in particular on the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age periods (mainly the FBC period). The aims of this project were to identify chronology, internal organization of FBC villages, social organization, population size, and economy.

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Struktura społeczno-zawodowa i wyznaniowa ludności powiatu wieluńskiego u schyłku lat trzydziestych XX w.

Struktura społeczno-zawodowa i wyznaniowa ludności powiatu wieluńskiego u schyłku lat trzydziestych XX w.

Author(s): Arkadiusz Rzepkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2018

In Wieluń district, in Poland being in decline, its religion structure was quite single. There were Catholics mostly. Jews constitued a small percentage of this structure too. Peasants and workers dominated in the social structure, yet in towns there were lots of craftsmen. Wieluń, the capital of the province, was a small town at that time. Other towns of the province were small too. Wieluń was a caft centre with a poor developed industry. In the town there were only small plants processing agriculture crops and making agriculture tools. There was also a milling industry in Wieluń, yet artisanal production dominated there. In 1934 there were 13 bakeries, 8 pastry shops, 7 barbershops, 3 watch repairmen, 3 brick layers, 3 locksmiths, 3 tinsmiths and 2 printers.

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Rusya Federasyonu Dış Politikasında ‘Rus Diasporası’ Olgusu

Rusya Federasyonu Dış Politikasında ‘Rus Diasporası’ Olgusu

Author(s): İbragim Khasanov / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 65/2020

Diaspora, which generally means the place where any nation or members of faith live as a minority outside their home country and the branch of any nation separated from its homeland, has been an important instrument of influence in the foreign policies of states since the 20th century. The Russian diaspora, whose population is estimated to be between 20 and 30 million in the world, is also included in this group. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the direction of the Russian Federation towards the West, the Yeltsin administration did not initially want to raise issues related to the Russian diaspora, but made the protection of the rights of the Russian diaspora one of the priorities of the Russian diaspora. In this context, the Russian diaspora, which has maintained its position in the RF foreign policy since the end of 1992 and whose conceptual, geographical and legal scope has been expanded in this process serves as an important instrument and basis for the realization of the foreign policy aims of the RF to contribute to the soft power and public diplomacy through the activities of the promotion of Russian language and culture in the world and the establishment of a positive image of the RF and to maintain its own sphere of influence by influencing the foreign policies of the states in post-Soviet geography.

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Newcomers and Locals. Invisible Boundaries Among Inhabitants of a Divided City in the Balkans

Newcomers and Locals. Invisible Boundaries Among Inhabitants of a Divided City in the Balkans

Author(s): Marzena Maciulewicz / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2019

Research on divided cities in the Balkans focuses mostly on ethnic/national divisions. Is this perspective, however, truly viable and sufficient for the description of post-conflict cities in the Balkans? The question is posed not only because of the fact that every city is somehow divided or fragmented. More noteworthy, and not widely known, is the fact that the unstable structure of a city’s population is much more complex with its intergroup relations becoming much more complicated – a fact commonly disregarded due to the importance assigned to ethnic/national rifts which have dominated the narrative of the divided city. Underestimating the importance of other relations within society and the dynamics of a highly changeable social structure, one cannot uncover the actual nature of intergroup relations in a divided city.

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