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Демографска ситуација савременог Казахстана

Author(s): Dragan Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2011

Republic of Kazakhstan is a new state, created in the post Soviet area of Central Asia. Its specificity is that the nation of Kazakhs has not been the national majority since the moment of getting independence. However, for these two decades Kahakhs became majority of the population in the country, what had been achieved in different ways: by higher birth rate than Slavic end population of European origin, by planned immigration of Kazakhs from China and Mongolia, but also by pressures and endangering of rights of Russians, other Slavs, Germans, what has in the period till the beginning of XXI century especially led to their mass emigration from Kazakhstan. To this we should add also favoring national Kazakhs in public administration, as well as insisting on the knowledge of kazakh language.

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Esencijalizam nasuprot socijalnom konstrukcionizmu u proučavanju ljudske seksualnosti

Author(s): John D. Delamater,Janet Shibley Hyde / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 67.13/2002

Prema klasičnom esencijalizmu postoje osnovne istinite forme ili suštine; između različitih formi ne postoji kontinuitet varijacija nego diskontinuitet, a te istinite forme s vremenom se ne menjaju. Moderni esencijalizam čini verovanje da su izvesni fenomeni prirodni, neizbežni i biološki određeni. Razmatramo sociobiologiju, evolucionu psihologiju, genetička istraživanja, proučavanja mozga i endokrinog sistema kao primere esencijalističkih pristupa, posebno se usredsređujući na to kako ovi istraživački pristupi tretiraju seksualnu orijentaciju i seksualno privlačenje. Nasuprot tome, socijalni konstrukcionizam počiva na uverenju da je stvarnost socijalno konstruisana i naglašava jezik kao važno sredstvo kojim interpretiramo naše doživljaje. Konačno, dajemo primere spajajućih ili interakcionističkih istraživanja, koja ujedinjuju biološke i socijalne uticaje. Zaključujemo da iako mogu postojati teorije i istraživanja koja ujedinjuju biološke i socijalne uticaje, pravo spa-janje esencijalizma i socijalnog konstrukcionizma nije moguće.

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Prostorna struktura grada Tuzle

Author(s): Danijel Barišić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 5/2008

Tuzla je jedno od najstarijih naselja u Europi s kontinuitetom življenja. Dokaz tome su pronađeni ostaci sojeničkoga naselja iz vremena neolita. Arheolozi su u bližoj okolici i u samom gradu, otkrili brojna naselja sa bogatim ostacima materijalne kulture prastarih stanovnika ovoga područja. Među pronađenim arheološkim materijalima ističe se keramička neolitska posuda čija je namjena bila kuhanje slane vode i proizvodnja soli.

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Przestrzenie Zagłady w perspektywie ekologiczno-nekrologicznej

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Przestrzenie Zagłady w perspektywie ekologiczno-nekrologicznej

Author(s): Ewa Domańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

This article seeks to reconceptualize the current condition of post-Holocaust spaces from an ecological-necrological perspective. This approach is informed by ethical concerns related to the proper treatment of the dead body and human remains as well as the maintenance of burial sites. The author is using insights offered by taphonomy and the ecology of decomposition. An eco-necro perspective also allows to return to the marginalized (and forgotten) idea of death as a form of life understood in a biological sense. The graves and burial sites are considered as specific ecosystems full of complex life processes. Thus, the article claims, an ecological approach should become a necessary element in the management of the spaces of the death camps and especially of their conservation and might help to preserve the sacredness of these sites.

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Young People in the EU — National and Regional Dimensions

Author(s): Yauheniya Sazonenka,Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska / Language(s): English Issue: 3.1/2018

In the era of aging process in the European Union, young people are a valuable part of the workforce. However, that group can be treated as vulnerable in the labour market as the indicators for the youths are much worse than for the average population. Moreover, the EU countries do not present the homogeneous situation concerning labour market situation of young people. It depends on labour demand potential which creates the vacancies for the youths and the labour market policy to support labour supply. The diversification of youths situation can also obtain regional dimension. Labour market performance of that group depends on the technical and social infrastructure provided by local authorities as well as regional demand on youths labour. The main aim of the paper is to present the diversification of young people situation in the EU in terms of labour market indicators at national and regional levels. The analysis on the national level was conducted by presenting the situation in the EU countries. The analysis on regional level was limited to introduction of labour market indicators of Polish voivodeships. The undertaken research method was critical analysis of literature as well as desk research of secondary sources like research reports and analysis of statistical data from Eurostat databases.

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Różnice pokoleniowe a postrzeganie konfliktów

Author(s): Marta Pawłowska,Ewa Więcek-Janka,Karol Andrzejczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7.3/2018

The article presents the results of research on conflicts in family enterprises. Studies are basis for a doctoral dissertation of MSc. Marta Pawłowska. In the article, next to the theoretical part concerning the subject of family entrepreneurship and the conflicts accompanying the process of succession, the authors present different perspectives of both generations – founder and successor. The aim of these considerations is to analyze the existing situation of family enterprises on the verge of succession in the aspect of conflicts and differences in their perception through ownership and succession generations.

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DRUŽBENE ZNANOSTI IN RAZVOJ NOVIH NAPREDNIH TEHNOLOGIJ: SINTEZNA BIOLOGIJA

Author(s): Franc Mali / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 079/2015

In modern societies, the progress of the new emerging technologies needs broad social support. Only in this way will it be possible to achieve the benefits of technological progress for the whole of humankind. In this context, cooperation between social-humanistic and natural-technical thought is very important. As one of the newest emerging technologies, synthetic biology deserves special attention from the social sciences. Namely, synthetic biology is still very unknown in broader society. The main thesis of the article is that the various audit institutions (mostly in Europe) are directing too much attention to the possible biorisks that could appear with the progress of synthetic biology, but do not take the economic risks into account even though such economic risks could even bring the further progress of synthetic biology to a halt.

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Can internship program reduce unemployment among youth in a low job creation environment? The evidence from Macedonia

Author(s): Nikica Mojsoska-Blazevski,Marjan Petreski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The aim of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of an internship program implemented in Macedonia, a country with high unemployment, as part of the active labour market programs. We evaluate two years of program implementation, as to see if some changes made to the program brought better effects. The key research question was whether participation in the internship program increased the probability of participants to find and retain gainful employment. However, in addition to this main outcome, we include other outcome variables such as: inactivity, unemployment, wages, changes in the prospects for employment after the program, changes in financial status, subjective labour market status, etc. To answer such questions (i.e. to assess the program outcomes) we employ a quasiexperimental impact evaluation method. The method, in essence, measures and compares the differences in labour market outcomes between those who participated in the programs (treatment group) and those who did not (control group). The evaluation (for both years) shows that the program is effective in terms of employment outcomes of the program participants, despite the low overall job creation in the country. Particularly, the program has no significant impact on the participants after the program end (meaning after the end of the internship), but has large positive effects on the subsequent employment. Similarly, the subjective employment is higher for the treatment group. The comparison between the program in 2010 and 2012 suggests that effects are similar, but of a higher magnitude in 2012, when an obligation was introduced for the participating employers to employ at least 50% of the participants. The 2012 program also found significant financial gains for participants, which is not the case with the 2010 program. The results from this analysis provide strong argument for policymakers for increasing the financing and the scale of the program in future years.

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Poverty, segregation and social exclusion of Roma communities in Slovakia

Author(s): Alena Rochovská,Jurina Rusnáková / Language(s): English Issue: 42/2018

This paper examines the issue of poverty and social exclusion of Roma in Slovakia. It highlights the problem of poverty among Roma communities, which together with segregation leads to absolute poverty and social exclusion. Based on ethnographic research the paper examines conditions in which inhabitants of segregated Roma communities sustain their livelihoods. In the qualitative part of our research we ask how inhabitants of segregated settlements organize and manage their livelihood and what strategies and practices they use to ensure social reproduction. Further, we assess the articulations between exclusion and social networks and other spheres of assets, including formal and informal labour, state benefits and the use of material assets. We argue that spatial segregation has an enormous impact on poverty.

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Obesity and Emotional Arousal and Control in Children Aged 8 to 11 Years

Author(s): Loredana Mitariu,George Constantin Maniu / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2018

The purpose of this study is to present the results obtained in the base of the opinion of 95 children from general schools of Sibiu city in Romania, collected during a survey regarding emotional reactivity (arousal) and regulatory capacity (control) in early adolescence. Data were stratified by BMI in order to analyze the relationship between obesity and emotional arousal and control in case of young adolescents. A 30-item self-reporting multidimensional instrument HIF (How I Feel) created by Walden, Harris & Carton in 2003 was used. The questionnaire items refer to five different emotions: happy, sad, excited, scared and mad. Significant differences between the three subgroups (normal weight, overweight and obese) were observed for the following questionnaire items: happy and excited from position emotions subscale; sad, mad from negative emotion subscale. In case of emotion control subscale no significant differences between subgroups have been identified althow higher values were observed in the case of overweight and obese (compared to normal weight) for almost all of the subscale items. The use of HIF instrument in conjunction with other measures could provide a more comprehensive assessment of emotional functioning and different disorders in children and adolescents.Pediatric; Emotional arousal; Emotional control; Overweight; Obese;

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Darvinova teorija evolucije

Author(s): Ljiljana Matić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 12/2009

The review of: Čarls Darvin, Postanak vrsta putem prirodnog odabiranja ili očuvanja povlašćenih rasa u borbi za život, Akademska knjiga, Novi Sad, 2009. Preveo Nedeljko Divac, redakcija prevoda prema Origin of Species, 6th edition, San Diego, Philadelphia, 2008, Ljiljana Matić, stručna saradnica prof. dr Vesna Milankov

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Застаряването на населението – фактор за повишаване на потребността от услуги за дългосрочна грижа в България

Author(s): Ralitza Pandurska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2019

The social systems of the countries, especially pension and health, have a strong impact on demographic transformations. This requires their adaptation to the changing demographic and socio-economic environment. The present study aims tо highlighting the problems related to the growing needs of a long-term care for the elderly people in Bulgaria and their increasing dependence on relatives and the care of the institutions.In order to achieve this goal, several more important tasks related to the analysis of the demographic indicators determining the aging of the population in Bulgaria are set; tracking the interrelationship between the growth of middle age and the population aging and increasing the need for long-term care for individuals; focusing on the main moments of the National Long-term Care Strategy in Bulgaria, making some recommendations for improving the quality of long-term care in the country.Analytical, comparative, inductive and deductive methods have been used.As a result of the research and analysis of the demographic processes and factors determining the aging of the population in Bulgaria, the indisputable necessity of long-term care for the elderly has been proved. On this basis are presented the main measures that need to be taken to overcome the reliance of older people and to promote their qualitative life.

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DEMOGRAFSKI POKAZATELJI, ZAPOSLENOST-NEZAPOSLENOST I VREDNOVANJE RADA PRIJE I NAKON ULASKA U EU NA PRIMJERU POŽEŠKO-SLAVONSKE ŽUPANIJE

Author(s): Velibor Peulić,Goran Matijević,Nermin Palić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2019

It has been over six years since the Republic of Croatia and the subject of this research Požega-Slavonia County joined the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the EU) in the last enlargement in July 1, 2013. Access in EU came after the independence and exiting of the former community - SFRY, war and a long negotiation process, in the context of broken and insufficiently established links with the pre-war markets in the SFRY, and inadequate affirmation and orientation (with high-quality requirements of course) towards new aspirational community markets. For most citizens, according to polls and opinions, joining the EU meant being able to participate in the European market, free movement of goods, services, workers and capital, inflow of investments and new technologies, and access to EU structural funds, ie economic recovery after the war and for the most part a failed transition process. At the same time, European funds that assist in the equitable development of the regions, the modernization of agriculture, the environment, the development of infrastructure and higher quality education, as well as many other possibilities, should have contributed to the improvement of the overall state of the economy and overall development, both on the territory of the Republic of Croatia and the area of Požega-Slavonia county. After just over 5 years of membership in the EU, we did the research and came to a conclusion (that is similar in other Slavonian counties) which is the emigration of citizens to EU countries due to better work evaluation. This is an opportunity to explore current trends. The research can be useful to the local community as well as to the countries planning to join the EU, which are in similar economic conditions as Slavonia.

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PRIRODNO KRETANJE I REPRODUKCIJA STANOVNIŠTVA OPĆINE SREBRENIK U DRUGOJ POLOVINI XX I U PRVOJ DECENIJI XXI STOLJEĆA

Author(s): Sanel Tufekčić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2011

U radu su prikazane promjene u kretanju ukupnog broja stanovnika i karakteristike prirodnog kretanja i reprodukcije stanovništva na području općine Srebrenik. Kretanje ukupnog broja stanovnika općine Srebrenik tretirano je kroz popise koji su izvršeni od 1948. do 1991. godine i procjene za period od 1996. do 2008. godine. Od 1948. godine stanovništvo ove općine stalno se povećavalo i do 1991. godine skoro je udvostručeno. Najveća godišnja stopa rasta stanovništva ostvarena je u međupopisnom periodu od 1953 - 1961. godine kada je iznosila 2,0 %. Prema procjeni, u 2008. godini, općina Srebrenik je imala 43.078 stanovnika. U periodu između 1961. i 2008. godine, u općini Srebrenik je izražena tendencija smanjivanja broja živorođene djece i prirodnog priraštaja stanovništva, uz promjenjivo kretanje broja umrlih. Sličan trend imalo je i kretanje stope nataliteta i mortaliteta. U poslijeratnom periodu tj. nakon 1996. godine, opadajuće stope nataliteta i povećanje stopa mortaliteta dovele su do jačeg smanjivanja stope prirodnog priraštaja u općini Srebrenik. Stanovništvo općine Srebrenik danas karakteriše opadajuća reprodukcija tj. reprodukcija koja više ne osigurava generacijsko obnavljanje ukupnog stanovništva.

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Infrastruktura wsparcia. Jak działa system opieki senioralnej w Polsce

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Infrastruktura wsparcia. Jak działa system opieki senioralnej w Polsce

Author(s): Rafał Bakalarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 678/2019

Nieubłagane zmiany demograficzne sprawiają, że rośnie procentowy udział – i liczba – osób w podeszłym wieku w społeczeństwie. Zaś wraz z zaawansowanym wiekiem wzrasta ryzyko utraty samodzielno ści, a nierzadko również popadania w zależność od długoterminowej opieki. To jedno z głównych wyzwań, jakie stoi przed społeczeństwem i państwem w nadchodzącej dekadzie. Warto przyjrzeć się temu, jak dziś działa system opieki nad osobami starszymi i jakie są jego słabe punkty.

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Aktivno starenje i preduslovi za srebrno preduzetništvo u Srbiji

Author(s): Valentina Ivanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2019

This article identifies links between the active aging process and the “silver econ-omy” at the European Union level. It also defines economic and societal prerequi-sites for “silver entrepreneurship”, which Serbia, as a small, transition, factor-driven economy can exploit. Previous research has shown there are two ways in which older people can be involved in the silver economy: as producers (“silver entrepre-neurs”), or as consumers. Demand for data about silver entrepreneurship has been driven by macroeconomists, notably those devoted to issues around fiscal instability, rather than by the urgent need to consider this phenomenon as one driven by growth and competitiveness.Existing research has identified two forms of silver entrepreneurship: oppor-tunity-based and necessity-based. Oppor-tunity-based silver entrepreneurship is inherent in economies with high GDP per capita. Across the EU-28 nations, the average GDP per capita in purchasing power standard (PPS) in 2017 was record-ed as 29,299 EUR. This figure was used as a proxy measurement of living standards. However, in the smaller transition economies of Southeast Europe, this fig-ure is a lot lower. In 2017, the average GDP per capita in PPS in Serbia was 4,800 EUR.In order to identify the economic fac-tors necessary for silver entrepreneurship at both the company and individual levels in Serbia, we derived data from a range of sources. These included the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, the La-bour Force Survey 2017, the Pension and Disability Insurance Fund, and the Minis-try of Trade, Tourism and Telecommuni-cations.Data relating to the Uncertainty Avoid-ance Index for Serbia (UAI) were derived from research organized by the Regional Cooperation Council and GfK. The author then calculated the UAI for Serbia. The collected data showed how the UAI for Serbia has changed over time, declining from a value of 92 in 1993 to 60 in 2016. Statistics about pensions in Serbia show that only military retirees, who have an average monthly pension of 46,494 RSD, can cover the minimum consumer basket costs of 36,090 RSD.

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Food Consumption Habits and Food Security Challenges among Immigrants

Author(s): Andrej Přívara / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

There is no single behaviour path for migrants after arrival in the destination country. The cases of their successful integration in the host country social environment are not rare, and healthy immigrant effect, indeed, often occurs showing that not always shift to the new living conditions, culture and food traditions preclude healthy food habits of the migrants. However, there are still many factors, both individual and social environment-related, which increase overweight and obesity risk. Quantitative and qualitative research findings have shown that food insecurity can be simultaneously a cause and a consequence of migration. Including religious identities, food has largely become a distinctive factor of the identities of individuals and communities. The distribution of eating habits from migrant source countries, in particular, from Africa to the host European countries is dramatically changing the European cultural dimension. Food has appeared to be one of the main factors of migrants’ integration in European countries. Food insecurity is a critical push factor. Current research emphasised that integration programmes should rely not only on basic language and cultural aspects but also on food, improving the contribution of the food traditions of migrants, while also inspiring in this field interactions and contributions via this medium among longstanding and newly-forming societies. This article focuses on key food challenges, which migrants face in destination countries and factors as causes of these challenges. We also discuss barriers to migration policy change and provide possible ways to mitigate these barriers.

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CASE STUDY: Endangered Lithuania

Author(s): Vilmantė Kumpikaitė / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

Due to a decreased birth rate and increased emigration, Lithuania’s population fell from 3.5 million to 2.8 million during the period 1990 - 2017. This paper presents a picture of the endangered Lithuanian population conditioned by high emigration flows. Four emigration waves and their reasons during the 27 year period in Lithuania are discussed. Economic and social conditions have only shown a slight change for Lithuanian citizens. In addition, no option of dual citizenship is available for emigrants. These reasons, as well as the Brexit consequences, have an impact on the emigration rates and Lithuania’s endangerment generally.

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A Life Course Approach to Immigrants’ Relocation: Linking Long- and Short-distance Mobility Sequences

Author(s): Julie Lacroix,Jonathan Zufferey / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This paper integrates life course principles to investigate interdependencies between residential, family and professional trajectories following an international migration, and enhance the more classic microeconomic explanations of foreign-born internal migration. Using retrospective data from the Swiss Household Panel survey, we follow foreign-born residents for a six-year period and analyse long- and short-distance mobility outcomes. By considering repeated migration in a multilevel framework, we tackle the question of whether successive migration is due to a short-term adjustment process or rather to a long-term phenomenon for a hypermobile segment of the population. The results corroborate important synchronicities between marriage, employment transitions and spatial outcomes, but fail to confirm the simultaneous process of childbirth and residential relocation. We conclude that successive long-distance and successive short-distance migration are confined to a selected segment of the population with high latent mobility propensity, while a long-short migration sequence rather results from a process of housing adjustment.

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Porodica i rat: Sociološko-demografski diskurs

Author(s): Izet Beridan / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 01+02/2018

The family represents the key structure for the organization and grouping of the people, which regardless its conceptual definition remains main reproduc¬tive unit of a society, nation and state. Under war circumstances, each family transforms its functions and adapts them to the hardships posed by war. As a key societal unit family manifestly suffers in war through death, wounding, and disabilities of their members as well as through material and other losses, including forced displacement. Families in Bosnia and Herzegovina have endured specific hardships dur¬ing the 1992 – 1995 war, that have left longterm consequences on them, which are still present, even more then 20 years after the war. War-conditioned demographic losses in families among all three largest ethnic groups in Bosnia as well as post-war statistically significant migration towards the West left deep marks on demographic state of families and society in Bosnia and Hercegovina.

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