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In the paper statistical data of Information technology development during 2008-2017 and a further forecast till 2019 are presented. They were found to increase by 115 billion dollars. The authors present references on the basis of using methods of dynamic programming in economic processes. Being based on the algorithm of building the model of dynamic programming the problem of the optimal distribution of information products among tourist enterprises functioning in the city of Dnipro (Ukraine) is solved. The purposeful function and restrictions concerning the problem of optimizing the usage of programming products are presented. As a result of calculations of the optimal distribution of information products among tourist enterprises the purposeful function is received, that shows the maximum additional income which constitutes 349000 thousand UAH. Information products are distributed as follows: the capacity of tourist operators is 6000 UAH, the capacity of tourist agencies is 5250 UAH, the capacity of aviation ticket offices is 750 UAH, the capacity of excursion bureaus is 3000, the capacity of enterprises of sports tourism is 2250 UAH, the capacity of enterprises of entrance/departure tourism is 2250 UAH It was revealed that the needs of tourist enterprises of the city of Dnipro in information products are fully provided.
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The paper responds to both current socio-economic development and the situation in public finances. It aims to explain why it is worth studying social policy based on expert knowledge of social systems, from which it subsequently derives the options for the design of a rational social policy for a particular country and time. Methodologically, the paper is based on defining the relationship between social policy and related disciplines, and reflects upon contemporary problems in terms of the theoretical principles of social policy, evaluates the role of the state in social policy and explores the logic of various social policy measures. According to the author, whereas instruments based on the narrowest concept of social policy and the implementation of social measures aimed at the socially disadvantaged undoubtedly have a place in social policy, they are (far from) sufficient in most cases for achieving satisfactory results. The author considers the ideal application of the systematic development of social policy to comprise a social doctrine that goes beyond the election period context and represents a general consensus on the future direction of the country’s social policy.
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Ottoman administration, which lasted for about 300 years in Algeria, tried to protect the country from the attacks of European countries on Algerian coasts by establishing a security-priority administrative structure and, at the same time, showing maximum attention to development of the Algerian province and peace and welfare of the people. This administrative structure was implemented gradually. It took a long time for Ottoman administrative structure to settle in Algiers and for its institutions to take their final shape. Ottoman administration, while doing this, made use of traditional local administration in the city, experience of Andalusian immigrants settled on the coastline, and the systems used in the other provinces of Ottoman. As a result, Algeria, which was constantly under threat of attack by European states, became one of the safest cities in Ottoman geography. Ottoman administration didn’t try to destroy traditional local administration in Algiers, which continued throughout history of Algeria, in contrast, worked to make local government in the city a more effective and suitable model for the traditional administrative model applied in all provinces under Ottoman. In this study, it will be attempted to shed light on the local government and administrative institutions in Algiers during Ottoman period.
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The digital society has become a prominent feature of today's era. Its highly interconnected, transparent, and intelligent characteristics are profoundly changing the governance mode and operational logic of enterprises. This article aims to explore the intervention and impact of digital society on the governance of dual equity structure in enterprises, and provide practical guidance for the sustainable development of enterprises. The dual equity structure, as a special corporate governance model, is characterized by granting different voting rights to different types of shares, achieving absolute control over the company by the management. However, this structure has also sparked many controversies, such as the possibility of management using control to harm shareholder interests, leading to management dictatorship, and so on. In the context of the digital society, enterprises face new challenges and opportunities in terms of information transparency, decision-making efficiency, and governance mechanisms.
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Producing an education policy does not consist only of writing, legislating and implementing legal texts. The policy process is also looking for answers to questions such as whether the desired goals have been achieved after these stages, what are the effects and consequences of law enforcement and whether there is a need for another change, what is the validity of the policy, whether there is a justification for changes in policy for the future. The process by which these answers are sought is the evaluation process. At this stage, the outputs and results obtained as a result of the application are evaluated in all dimensions. The goal of policy practitioners is always to achieve the desired results. However, there may usually be some deviations in achieving the goals. Even in cases where the policy process is fully functioning and all kinds of resources are fully available for effective implementation, there may be deviations in the desired goals to be achieved. The implementation phase is not the last step in the policy process. The effectiveness of the policy needs to be evaluated over certain time periods, and steps should be taken to provide the tools and resources to maintain a successful policy. The evaluation of education management can be considered as the last stage and the most important crucial part of policy analysis.
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Population migrations have played a huge and multifaceted role in the development of mankind, being a form of adaptation to changing living conditions. This complex social process is closely related to the level of economic development and territorial location of industries in different regions of the world. In the context of globalization, intensive migrations in the world bring to the fore the problem of demographic freedom, understood as the protection of human life and its continuous renewal. Both receiving and giving territories today face the problem of deformation of their demographic structure, lower birth rates and increased mortality. Migration in a globalizing world exacerbates the problem of human security, as a set of notions of the unity of social conditions that ensure a dignified life, prosperity and freedom.
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This text problematizes the topic of the delinquent child, examined through the focus of sociology. Its relevance in Bulgaria is enhanced by the presence of two laws in the field of children’s policies, which both complement each other, but also mutually blame each other. The author makes a brief overview of the existing scientific literature on children and childhood issues; makes an attempt to determine the concept of “delinquent child” and justify its value as a bearer of rights in a sociological context.
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In recent months, the legal landscape in Romania has undergone significant changes directly impacting the mission of the museums and public collections in preserving and promoting cultural heritage. Among these changes are Law 296/2023 and amendments to Law 311/2003 on Museums and Public Collections. This article examines the specific threats posed by these changes to Romanian museums and their system for safeguarding national cultural heritage.
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Background: Change management encompasses strategies, tools and techniques of change management, including the management of resistance to change. Managers in nursing at the middle level of management in institutional health care facilities - nurse leaders, play an important role in the process of implementing change because by effectively managing the change process and motivating them, they are most instrumental in helping nurses to successfully embrace change. Objective: To evaluate the application of the nurse change agent role by nurse leaders from a nursing management perspective. Methodology and sample: Atotal of 43 female participants in the position of nurse leaders with an average length of experience of 7.7 years participated in the qualitative study. We used the structured interview method to collect empirical data. The interviews were conducted between February and March 2024. Results: Nurse leaders see the role of change agent as important and strive to fulfil it. They mainly initiate operational and workflow changes. Managers identified the most common reasons for nurses’ resistance to change: fear of the unknown, habit and routine, rigidity, unwillingness to learn something new. To overcome resistance they use explaining, motivating, consistent communication. The nurse leaders mentioned lack of finances and staff as the biggest barriers to implementing changes in nursing. Anegative finding was that up to 36 participants did not know strategies for implementing change. Conclusion: Change management is the process of implementing change in a planned and systematic way. The role of the change manager is crucial for the successful implementation of change.
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This article deals with the assessment of patients’ needs in palliative care in a haemato-oncology clinic. The research aimed to use a standardized PNAP questionnaire (Patients’ Needs Assessment in Palliative Care) to determine the crucial needs of patients in haematology and oncology clinics, and also to reveal areas where patients might suffer from a lack of care. The research identifies specific underserved areas and suggests actions and proposals to address them. Furthermore, the paper concludes with a comparison of selected patient needs between wards to detect whether a ward provides a lower quality of end-of-life care.
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Objectives: The partial objective of the pilot study was to determine the perception of social support in the field of health in patients with arterial hypertension. The pilot study was carried out as part of the KEGAproject no. 010KU-4/2022 Implementation of elements of supporting health literacy of the adult population in education in the field of nursing. Material and methods: The survey group consisted of 96 respondents with arterial hypertension. 52 (54%) women and 44 (46%) men were represented in the ensemble. The respondents were aged between 19 and 76 years (average age: 49.3 years). Data collection was carried out using the Slovak version of the standardized measurement tool Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) based on the HLQ™ license agreement. Results: The average score achieved for the entire domain 4 of the HLQ questionnaire: Social support in the field of health is at the level of 3.06, which means that the respondents feel a strong social support in the field of health. The analysis of the results in our pilot study did not show a statistical significance of age, gender, education and place of residence of the respondents in relation to the perception of social support. Conclusion: Optimal health literacy in patients with arterial hypertension is essential for effective disease management, including blood pressure monitoring, adherence to recommended treatment procedures, and lifestyle modification. Social support is an integral part of health literacy in patients with arterial hypertension.
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Customer defection is a major challenge for companies to remain competitive and profitable. This paper combines the variables of customers satisfaction and their interpurchase time to propose a statistic model of customer defection rate. The Bayer’s rule is used for MarkTech application. The empirical data of customer purchase in E-commerce online platform are conduct for both parameters estimation and model calibration. The results show acceptable good fitness of proposed model and the practical data. The conclusion provides the suggestions for applying data combination with MarkTech.
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In light of the post-pandemic situation in education,adopting a transdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach isvital. Social pedagogy encompasses a range of strategies andpractices that can compensate, support, innovate, and provideservices that align with the current needs of individuals,communities and the global challenges facing humanity. Socialeducators have become members of support teams, whether atthe school level, educational and counseling institutions or localgovernments. These teams require multidisciplinary,interdepartmental or transnational collaboration. This paperpresents the current post-pandemic situation in Slovakia andoffers an overview of the latest development in social pedagogueeducation. Also, it describes the current process of standardisingthe social pedagogue profession and the functions ofmultidisciplinary teams in the school and counselling system.
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The Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) at Vocational High Schools (SMK) is the government's encouragement to make Vocational Schools more effective, efficient and productive. Through the Vocational School revitalisation program and teaching factory learning, Vocational Schools are encouraged to become BLUDs. The emergence of Minister of Home Affairs Regulation No 79 of 2018 concerning Regional Public Service Bodies provides an excellent opportunity for State Vocational Schools to implement the BLUD governance pattern under the guidance of the regional government through the education and culture service. The main requirement for a Vocational School to become a BLUD is to fulfil substantive, technical, and administrative requirements. This research aims to describe how BLUD management is implemented at SMK Negeri 5 Mataram. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods using data sources like observations, interviews and supporting documents. The informants in this research were the BLUD management team at SMK Negeri 5 Mataram. The research results show that the management of BLUD at SMK Negeri 5 Mataram has implemented a good management process to improve school performance. The obstacles to managing this BLUD are the lack of administrative staff, the strengthening of coordination between management elements, and the preparation of SOPs for employees and students in teaching factory learning and SOPs for business activities. The importance of support from the local government to support BLUD services must be more severe so that business planning and implementation can be maximally realised with a contribution from the revenue budget to start managing BLUD as capital to develop the business.
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In the text, the manifestation of regional linguistic identity in the results of the 2021 Census, which was carried out in most European countries, is examined. We focus on the Slavic idioms of Central Europe, in particular Silesian, Kashubian, Rusyn, Moravian and, to a lesser extent, Podlachian. The detailed output of the census allows us to compare the ethnic and linguistic self-identification of the respondents on a precise geographical scale and to confront it with a very basic linguistic and standardological background. Not all languages included in the statistics are recognised and standardised, and some respondents declared themselves to be speakers of a specific local dialect. In the case of non-standardised idioms, we briefly discuss the linguistic or extralinguistic definability of the idiom. In comparison with the results of previous censuses, the interest in regional linguistic identity seems to be decreasing, which is most visible in the case of Moravian. We discuss the case of Silesian in more detail, giving a brief overview of the attempts of Silesian activists to have Silesian recognised as the second regional language in Poland (after Kashubian). In respect of Rusyn, we comment on the problem of the variability of the idioms labelled as Rusyn in the local statistics. We are aware that data from different national censuses are not fully comparable, as the question on language may be defined in different ways (“spoken language”, “mother tongue”, “language spoken at home”). Despite these problems, census statistics are usually the only official data to refer to when quantifying the number of speakers of a language. These data can also be decisive, as they can pave the way for official recognition or administrative use of a language. However, in some countries, the native languages of the autochthonous population were not included in the census, which makes obtaining updated or complete data on the use of regional idioms impossible.
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The Republic of North Macedonia shares borders with European Union member states as well as countries that are candidates for EU membership. It is divided into eight planning regions, which serve statistical, economic, and administrative purposes. These regions are defined as functional territorial units, established to facilitate development planning and implement policies aimed at promoting balanced regional growth. This paper focuses on the Eastern Planning Region, one of the eight planning regions of North Macedonia. Through a study and analysis of data from primary literature, the paper presents existing economic indicators for the region and explores its potential for further economic development. The research aims to provide specific guidelines to achieve economic sustainability for the entire Eastern Region, with a particular emphasis on its border towns.
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The article deals with the characteristics, organization and internal processes of the preparatory committee of a local referendum on the basis that the preparatory committee is a private company by definition. It focuses on the lack of consideration of these basic premises of the preparatory committee in existing doctrine and practice. In addition to assessing the impact and applicability of the general norms to the preparatory committee, the article also highlights the potential complications or even frustration of local referendums due to internal inconsistencies and processes within the preparatory committee. The article suggests ways to avoid these consequences and emphasizes the importance of following proper organizational and decision-making procedures and legal norms in the formation and operation of preparatory committees.
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For the last two decades, Serbian family policies have gone through several changes in accordance with contemporary trends and changes in family life and also influenced by EU regulations and recommendations. Current legislation is in line with the gender equality principle, enabling both parents to exercise their rights and to pursue a work-life balance. However, when it comes to paid parental leave, the Serbian legal framework is considered inflexible in terms of choosing the combination of length of leave and the remuneration amount. In this paper, we argue that Serbian parental leave policies must be analysed in relation to the specific context of a (unfinished) post-socialist transition at the semi-periphery of Europe, population decline and strong familism. The burden of parenthood is still predominantly on women’s shoulders, even though ideas about a “new fatherhood”, more involved in child rearing, have become more widespread. Whether they are employed or not, women/mothers remain the primary caregivers, while the typical Serbian family can be described as a male breadwinner model.
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The study focuses on the types of early school leaving from upper secondary school programs in the Czech Republic and compares them with a synthesized typology derived from international research. The study aimed to determine 1) what types of early school leaving can be identified in the accounts of Czech students and 2) how these types correspond with the five significant categories of early school leaving synthesized from international typologies. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of eight respondents, four types of early school leaving were identified: unsuccessful, disadvantaged, disengaged, and maladjusted. None of the respondents fell into the fifth category (quiet). The findings suggest that in the Czech context, a significant issue is the failure of students who initially demonstrated high levels of school engagement, which may indicate insufficient systemic support for at-risk students. While the characteristics of each type are similar to those identified in international research, the Czech context reveals specific differences, such as a high proportion of unsuccessful students who nevertheless attempt to pursue education through alternative means. These contextual aspects play a crucial role in the Czech environment, particularly concerning the lack of effective intervention programs. The research provides insights for further studies and interventions aimed at reducing early school leaving in the Czech Republic.
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