#32 Radicalisation in Bulgaria: Threats and Trends

Author(s): Rositsa Dzhekova,Mila Mancheva,Maria Doichinova,Lyubomira Derelieva,Tihomir Bezlov,Maria Karayotova,Yavor Tomov,Dimitar Markov,Miryana Ilcheva / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2015

The phenomena of radicalisation today develop and change at high speed, with their extreme forms manifested globally. The destructive dimensions of (violent) Islamist or right-wing radicalisation have become dramatically visible in Europe posing serious challenges to European societies at large. This report aims to address a knowledge gap with regard to how and to what extent internationally observed radicalisation processes are manifested in Bulgaria. Four different forms of radicalisation are investigated, including Islamist radicalisation, right-wing and left-wing radicalisation, as well as football hooliganism. The report provides policy makers and the expert community with a systematic overview of the main risks to which the Bulgarian society is exposed, as well as of the main actors and ideas, the repertoire of actions and the groups at risk associated with radicalisation. The report outlines recommendations for improvement of the policy and institutional response with regard to radicalisation by way of monitoring and prevention measures as well as multi agency collaboration and community engagement.

1960 sonrasi Türk sağlik personeli politikasi üzerine bir değerlendirme

Author(s): Mehmet Burhanettin Coşkun / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 33/2017

When the public administration of countries identified as a social and economic forms of organization is impossible to think outside the health sector of this form of organization. In this area, many spend the majority of national resources and the operation of the human field prevents the medical field and constrained to work. Since the establishment of the Republic was considered to be an essential task of the state health services were encouraged to take public organizations. After the 1960 reform of the health policy issues were on the agenda. Health services, policy-making / implementation in the context of redefining the evaluation in relation to the consequences of experienced conversion and also the transformation of health policy to be discussed with a critical perspective, currently ongoing is important for appropriate evaluation of the discussion. Turkish health personnel to work in the process of globalization in terms of policy, not an example of transformation of the public administration, is considered important by itself in today's public administration studies. Working labor changes in Turkish public administration system will serve to seeing through intensive service sector. The main problem of the health personnel system in Turkey is achieved with a flexible structure, starting from the 1960's.

2007 Bulgaristan Yerel Seçimleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): Seçil Öraz / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 15/2007

The 2007 local elections in Bulgaria, which went to gallop box six times since the regime change in 1989, was herald of the upcoming changes and new formations to ocur in the next years in this country. In these local elections, which were held after the country's EU membership, and under the targeted European conditions of transparency and justice, brought the DPS, political party of the Turkish minority in Bulgaria, the third rank. This and other developments give clues of expectable results of the general elections to be held in 2009.

21. Yüzyılda Barış ve Güvenliğin Tesisinde NATO’nun Rolü

Author(s): Sertif Demir / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 18/2016

The aim of article is to analyze what kind of role NATO will play at maintaining the peace and security in the 21st century. NATO will have to survive and contend with the differentiated risks and threats in the 21st century; in where a new global political order is structured. To this end, NATO is expected to keep contributing the peace and security in the 21st century by; being transformed into the globalized collective security organization, continuing to implement the expansion and partnership policies, increasing its military power and capacity, enabling forces and headquarters structure; weakening or eliminating the elements that can disrupt the stability, and responding crisis as required. However, in order to do so, NATO has to cope with internal and external dynamics consisting of various challenges.

A “Bulgarian Connection” in the Anthropological Research on the Catastrophes: Disasters and Cultural Stereotypes.Ed. by ElyaTzaneva with Fang Sumei and Edwin Schmitt. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle, 2012.

Author(s): Rachko Popov / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of corporate bankruptcy prediction models based on financial ratios: Evidence from Colombia

Author(s): Jackson Arroyave / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Logit and discriminant analyses have been used for corporate bankruptcy prediction in several studies since the last century. In recent years there have been dozens of studies comparing the several models available, including the ones mentioned above and also probit, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, among others. For the first time for Colombia, this paper presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of several models predicting corporate bankruptcy. Such models have previously been mostly used in relation to European and North American markets, whereas here they are applied to the financial ratios of three firms located in Colombia. The main objective is to corroborate the validity of these models in terms of their ability to predict firm failure in the Latin American context, specifically for two bankrupt Colombian firms and one healthy one. The analysis is conducted using bankruptcy forecasting models widely proposed in the literature and used systematically in developed countries: the multiple discriminant analysis Z-Altman model, Korol’s two-function model and Prusak’s P2 model. In addition, the logit and decision tree models developed by T. Korol are tested.

A Greek tragedy of our time? Institutional and financial dimension of Health Promotion for Older People in Greece

Author(s): Milena Pavlova,Yannis Skalkidis,Wim Groot,Agnieszka Sowa,Stanisława Golinowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Despite the numerous legislative documents and public health institutions in Greece, the country lacks a comprehensive and robust long-term policy perspective in the public health area. The traditionally higher priority attached to curative care than to public health actions, is the major reason of the shortcomings. This country report draws upon several national reports focused on the Greek health system, and other country-specific sources in order to outline the major institutional and financing challenges for health promotion in Greece, and specifically health promotion for older adults. The paper is based on the method of narrative literature review. The findings show that health promotion actions for elderly persons do take place in Greece but mainly in urban areas and/or within the framework of EU-funded projects. Government efforts are required to stimulate coordinated public health interventions at the local level focusing on the positive effects of health promotion. The health promotion programs that are successfully implemented, should receive the necessary government support to assure their long-term sustainability.

A külföldi tőke és munkaerő szerepe

Author(s): István Polónyi / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2011

The first article – The effects of foreign capital and labour – by István Polónyi, first analyses the flow of FDI into Hungary – considering, too, the economic theories related to this phenomenon, before illustrating the nature of the incoming capital by source country and the future prospects for inward investment. Following this, the article touches on the most important factors related to international labour migration and then considers the effects of investment flows and inward labour migration on educational policy and the education system. The article also offers a brief introduction to the other articles in the volume.

A MULTI-PRODUCT VERSION OF THE DEA+ METHOD

Author(s): Artur Prędki / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2014

The paper presents the DEA+ method as a tool for estimating the production function and the measure of technical efficiency in data points. A multi-product case is considered. Presentation of the underlying semiparametric frontier model is followed by demonstration of the very algorithm of DEA+ and a discussion of its validity. Finally, the method is illustrated with an empirical example with selected model distributions for each random variable constituting the composed error.

A Projection for the Turkish Economy in 2023 with a Bayesian Approach

Author(s): Mesut Murat Arslan,Fatma Ozgu Serttas,Recai Aydin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Turkish economy has almost experienced a continuous growth process since the first quarter of the year 2002, except for the year 2009 in which the impact of global financial crisis was felt. As a result of this growth period, Turkey has become the 17th largest economy in the world and has set big targets as to join one of the largest 10 economies in the world. In this study, we investigate whether Turkey would be able to meet its 2023 targets or not if the trends and dynamics that have been experienced during the last decade continue. Specifically, we will examine if Turkey’s exports will reach 500 billion US dollars, Turkey’s GDP will reach 2 trillion US dollars, and Turkey’s GDP per capita will reach 25 thousand US dollars. Furthermore, the path that Turkey’s macroeconomic indicators should follow in coming years and the different applicable scenarios in order to reach these 2023 economic targets will be studied. The results of this study show that those 2023 targets will not be met. So if Turkey is serious and insistent on these targets, this study may be a warning to policymakers to take the necessary measures when there is still enough time and opportunity.

A quantitative evaluation of the company environment for the formation of its effective expansion strategy.

Author(s): Romualdas Ginevičius,Aleksandr Ostapenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The successful development of a company’s expansion strategy, which determines the best corporate performance, is mainly affected by its environment which is defined by multidimensional assessment criteria acting in different directions. The incorporation of all such criteria into one generalizing and complex dimension is enabled by multi-criteria assessment methods. The article focuses on theoretical justification for the application of multi-criteria evaluation methods and their practical application in identifying the actual and forecast environmental situation of the company, and provides a solution for the formation of an effective expansion strategy using the complex evaluation results of the company environment. Through the examination of a specific company by employing the possibilities of the proposed analytical solution the expansion strategy is formed for an effective development.

A Study of the Effect of Social Responsibility on Cost of Capital and Reputation of a Retailing Company

Author(s): Kunhui CHEN,Anxin XU,Jingjing WU,Qiong-E ZHENG / Language(s): English / Issue: 69/2020

The emerging ideology of social responsibility in past years results in many enterprises actively investing in corporate social responsibility related policies, expecting to promote people’s positive image through the improvement of living environment and the care of the public. Although the practice of corporate social responsibility would not necessarily bring in significant benefits in short period, it, in long period, could achieve the vision of sustainable development and promote corporate reputation through external benefits to acquire more supporters and further enhance the profits, promote the international competitive advantage, and reduce the market opinions of corporate business risk of the company to acquire lower cost of capital. In this study, the owners and senior executives of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange's listed in retail industry were investigated. A total of 300 copies of questionnaire are distributed for this study, and 227 valid copies are retrieved, with the retrieval rate 76%. According to the results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to induce retailing managers’ new motives and incentives to execute corporate social responsibility related policies and effectively inhibit the increase in cost of capital and the decrease in corporate reputation.

A szomszédos országok migrációs forrásterületeinek a vizsgálata a magyar népszámlálási adatok felhasználásával 2001 és 2011 között

Author(s): Áron Kincses / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 05/2015

International migration has positive effect on Hungary’s demographic, social and economic processes. Although the proportion of the Hungarian-speaking migrant population declined between the two censuses, it still plays a decisive role. This is related with the cross-border linguistic and cultural ties. If we looked at the Hungarian country territory before World War I and II, we found, that half of the international migration was domestic migrants from the peripheral regions to the centre of country. So, this phenomenon determines the migration network form the Carpathian Basin to Hungary. In general, most of the migrants come from the Hungarian speaking regions. The proportion of non-Hungarian speaking migrants coming from Trans-Carpathian Ukraine, northern Slovakia, Serbia, outside parts of Vojvodina, as well as Austria, Croatia and Slovenia has been increasing. Analysis of the source area showed a colorful picture about foreign citizens living in Hungary. In general it can be stated that the lower-skilled migrants have greater proportion in migration to a smaller distance, while those with higher education dominate in migration for longer distances. The impact zone of potential migration increases with educational qualifications and skills.

A tanárképzés harmadik ciklusa – kérdések és lehetőségek

Author(s): Edina Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

A Bologna-folyamat által meghatározott harmadik ciklus, az – európai döntéshozók szándéka szerint 2011-től – egységes PhD képzés idén először fogadhat olyan egyetemi végzettségű jelentkezőket, akik már felsőfokú képzésük teljes idejét a bolognai rendszerben töltötték ki. Így, miközben sor kerülhet a mesterképzések első tanulságainak levonására, a működés erényeinek és buktatóinak elemzésére, már most figyelmet kell fordítani arra is, milyen módon alakul tényleges harmadik lépcsőfokká a doktori képzés. A korábbi oktatáspolitikai szándékok ugyanis egyelőre csak részben teljesültek: szó sincs például a döntéshozók által várt egységességről, a legtöbb európai országban egymás mellett, olykor keveredve működik a hagyományos, mester-tanítvány viszonyra épülő, kutatásorientált képzés, és az újabb keletű, szorosabban strukturált, a doktorjelölteket inkább hallgatónak, mintsem fiatal kutatónak tekintő oktatás. A sokszínűségben Anglia és Ausztrália jár az élen: ezekben az országokban ma is hat különböző módon lehet elnyerni a doktori címet; ráadásul a képzés expanziója más országok számára is vonzóvá teheti az angolszász modell egyes elemeit.

A tizenéves tanulók médiaműveltsége

Author(s): Csilla Herzog / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/2012

Jelen tanulmányban egy olyan alapkutatást mutatunk be, amely a 14–18 éves tanulók médiaműveltségének feltárására irányul. A 21. századra az élet egészét körülvevő és állandóan elérhető technológia jelentős mértékben megváltoztatta életünket, azt, ahogyan kommunikálunk, ahogy dolgozunk, vagy ahogy az ismereteinket szerezzük. Mindezek következtében átalakult az értékesnek számító tudás, illetve képességek, kompetenciák köre. Az információs és kommunikációs kompetenciák az információs társadalomnak köszönhetően tartoznak a műveltség alapelemei közé, hiszen „az írás-olvasás-számolás mégoly sikeres közvetítése is elégtelen, ha nem igazodik az »új médiumok« világához”. Ebben a környezetben nem mindegy, hogy a különböző médiumok, mindenekelőtt az internet közvetítette tartalmakhoz milyen tudatossággal viszonyulunk, az üzeneteknek passzív befogadói, vagy kritikus szemlélői vagyunk. A médiaműveltség nyilvánvalóan elsősorban a tömegkommunikációból nyert információk kritikus kezelésére vonatkozik, és részben azonos a tágabb értelemben vett információs műveltséggel. Értjük alatta ugyanakkor az egyén azon hozzáférési, elemzési és értékelési ismereteit, képességeit és készségeit, továbbá attitűdjeit és viszonyulásait, amelyek a kommunikáció különböző formáival kapcsolatosak. A médiaműveltség abban is segít, hogy a változatos formátumú (pl. állóvagy mozgókép, audio-vagy audiovizuális stb.), tartalmú és műfajú médiaüzenetektől „túlzsúfolt” kultúrában – a média-szövegértésnek köszönhetően – az egyén maga is létre tudjon hozni nyomtatott, elektronikus, digitális üzeneteket, és multimédia termékeket.

Activities of a Local Government and Growth of Competitiveness of Service and Commercial Enterprises

Author(s): Bożena Słomińska / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2012

The objective of deliberations in the article is a diagnosis and exemplification of forms and areas of the desired by economic entities cooperation with local governments, setting forth conditions for growth of their competitiveness. A particular attention is paid to the possibility of affecting by municipalities, which have at their disposal a wide range of instruments in this respect. The grounds for analysis are data from the literature review on these subject matters, results of surveys carried out by various institutions and statistical material, including the data originating from local governments’ budgets being an important source of information on the actions analysed. The research findings and budget analysis show that activity of local governments, directed to shaping the business climate and local entrepreneurship, has increased. This sets up grounds for good forecasts as regards growth of enterprises’ and markets’ competitiveness.

Adatok az oktatáspolitika és a kutatás közti térben

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Veroszta / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

This study examines the role of the ”evidence-based” approach when dealing with decision-making processes in educational policy. There are several factors that make it difficult to efficiently use data based on sociological research in the fact of policy making. Nevertheless, expectations as regards basing decisions on actual data (if not on direct evidence) in policy and in political discourse are stronger now than ever. The study reviews the nature of data use in social science in contrast with that for natural sciences - and also the nature of research data in contrast with that of statistical data. In a wider context, it additionally examines the real role played by research in policy making. Then, as a specific example of data gathering and interpretation, the study enumerates possible approaches when examining young graduates’ careers - and analyzes critical theoretical and methodolgical issues following on from this.

Akreditif Teyit Sigortası’nın Türk Finansal Kesiminde Uygulanması ve Muhtemel Etkileri

Author(s): Mehmet Yeşilyaprak / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2018

In this study, it is aimed to examine “letter of credit confirmation insurance product” which brings a matter to a solution for Turkish banks’ difficulties to confirm letter of credits. As it is known, Letter of credit is one of the most frequent product used by financial institutions. Letter of credits are being used especially in international trade transactions. Banks operating in Turkey, often face difficulties such as having insufficient limits for the correspondent banks, having narrow correspondence network etc. Banks operating in Turkey, would be able to confirm letter of credits by means of letter of credit confirmation insurance; maybe they wouldn’t be able to confirm these letter of credits if there is no insurance for their confirmed letter of credits. As a result of this study, it has been assessed that providing letter of credit confirmation insurance to the market which doesn’t have such product yet would increase the volume of Turkey’s exportation significantly and it could make possible to actualize an important potential export.

Aktuelni prijedlog izmjena Izbornog zakona Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 2013

Prije donošenja konačnog suda o predloženim izmjenama, ne smije se previdjeti na nekoliko dodatnih činjenica koje dovode u pitanje održavanje ili legitimitet izbora 2014. Dakle, relevantna je na prvom mjestu gore navedena Odluka Ustavnog suda Bosne i Hercegovine koja nedvosmisleno dovodi u pitanje održavanje izbora. Zatim je nezaobilazna Odluka Evropskog suda za ljudska prava (Sejdić/Finci), koji je 22. decembra 2009. presudio da određene odredbe Ustava Bosne i Hercegovine i Izbornog zakona Bosne i Hercegovine krše Evropsku konvenciju o ljudskim pravima. Krši se član 14 (zabrana diskriminacije), član 3 Protokola 1 (pravo na slobodne izbore), te član 1 Protokola 12 (opšta zabrana diskriminacije). Komesar Evropske unije za proširenje Štefan Füle je izjavio tokom posjete Sarajevu, 11. aprila 2013. da Evropska unija i Vijeće Evrope neće priznati izbore 2014. ako se ne izvrši navedena presuda Evropskog suda za ljudska prava. Konačno, situacija u Gradu Mostaru je na isti način bitna. Ustavni Sud Bosne i Hercegovine je ukinuo nekoliko članova Izbornoga zakona Bosne i Hercegovine i Statuta grada Mostara o održavanju izbora u gradu, jer Parlamentarna skupština Bosne i Hercegovine nije u zakonski postavljenom roku izmijenila neustavne odredbe zakona vezano za način biranja vijećnika u Gradu Mostaru. Sjetimo se i situacije sa lokalnim izborima u Srebrenici prošle godine. Kao što se vidi, mnogobrojni su problemi sa Izbornim zakonom Bosne i Hercegovine. Predlagači, ali mora se priznati, i ostale parlamentarne stranke, umjesto da se bave ključnim pitanjima za izbore u Bosni i Hercegovini, izvršenjem gore navedenih odluka poboljšanjem Izbornog zakona, tehnike izbora, itd. očito pokušavaju staviti izborni proces pod potpunu kontrolu političkih stranaka, mada je i trenutna situacija takva da političke stranke manje-više vode ovaj proces. Poslije Ustava, kao najvažnijeg pravno-političkog akta, Izborni zakon je svakako najvažniji zakon kada je u pitanju društvo u cijelini. Zato izmjene Izbornog zakona zahtjevaju intenzivne konsultacije sa svim učesnicima u procesu. Mnogo je pitanja koja su aktuelna, sem gore navedenih sudskih odluka: treba razgovarati o preporukama koje je Centralna izborna komisija dala o ozborima 2010, izbornim jedinicama, listama, izgledu glasačkih listića, registraciji birača, kampanjama i njihovom finansiranju, promatranju izbora, žalbama i tužbama, međunarodnim standardima, procedurama brojanja glasova i utvrđivanja rezultata, ulozi stranaka i nevladinih organizacija itd. Sve su to pitanja koja zaslužuju pažnju. Bilo bi dobro osigurati i učešće stručnjaka iz Venecijanske komisije i ODIHR-a na takvim raspravama; i što je najbitnije u razgovorima se ne smije zaobilaziti Parlament Bosne i Hercegovine. Jer postoji tendencija da se Parlament Bosne i Hercegovine marginalizira u ovom procesu. U proteklim godinama, proces donošenja odluka se odvijao, umjesto na parlamentarnim debatama i javnim raspravama, iza zatvorenih vrata, bez onih koji su uključeni u upravljanje izborima, stručnjaka ili javnosti. Ovo podriva autoritet Parlamenta Bosne i Hercegovine i kompromituje kvalitet i transparentnost zakonodavnog procesa. Posebno je bitno održati javne rasprave o mogućim izmjenama, uz široke konsultacije javnosti. Tako se i o ovom prijedlogu treba voditi široka rasprava. U popratnom pismu, čitavog seta zakonskih izmjena, sem Izbornog zakona, predlagači navode i da predložene izmjene doprinose jačanju institucionalne efikasnosti. Međutim, ne može se zaključiti da predložene izmjene vode jačanju institucionalne efikasnosti. Ove izmjene isključivo pogoduju političkim strankama i jačanju nihovog uticaja na izborni proces. U svakom slučaju, ako predlagači ostanu kod svojih prijedloga, bilo bi poželjno da se o ovim, kao i o eventualnim drugim prijedlozima izmjena Izbornog zakona održe široke rasprave, jer je to jedini ispravan način da se regulira ovako važna oblast.

Aktuelni prijedlog izmjena Zakona o sukobu interesa u institucijama vlasti u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Nermin Tipura / Language(s): Bosnian / Publication Year: 2013

Osnovna zamjerka Prijedlogu izmjena i dopuna Zakona o sukobu interesa u institucijama vlasti u BiH jeste proceduralne prirode: činjenica da ga je Predstavnički dom usvojio po hitnom postupku i bez rasprave ukazuje na demokratske deficite i na pokušaj da se nova rješenja uvedu bez stvarnog uvida javnosti. U procesu njegovog donošenja, nije bilo nikakvog konsultativnog procesa ni sa organom koji provodi zakon, niti sa stručnom javnošću, akademskom zajednicom, nevladinim sektorom, ili sa građanima. Riječ je o zakonu koji ne zadovoljava proceduralne pretpostavke pravnih akata u pravnodržavnom sistemu. Osnovni praktičan problem predstavlja sastav Komisije – ona će se, prema zakonskim projekcijama, ustanoviti kao Komisija koja je većinski sastavljena od članova Parlamenta. Takvo rješenje uspostavlja aktivne političare, dakle, osobe čiji rad mora biti potvrdgut kontroli, u noseći stup kontrolnog sistema. Riječ je o rješenju koje se ne može opravdati svrhom samog zakona, a koje nema svoj oslonac ni u uporednopravnim rješenjima. Sistem u kojem političari odlučuju o sukobu interesa stvara prostor za zloupotrebe i samovolju pri donošenju odluka, on otvara odlične mogućnosti za međustranačke i unutarstranačke obračune, uspostavlja zakonski okvir psihologiji trgovine realnim utjecajem i kontroli privrednog procesa mehanizmima dnevne politike. Posebno je problematično uspostavljanje pravne praznine do koje može doći usvajanjem ovih izmjena. Centralna izborna komisija bi ostala nadležna za sukob interesa u Federaciji BiH i Brčko Distriktu BiH, iako nije regulirano kako će Centralna izborna komisija izvršavati tu nadležnost. Agencija za prevenciju korupcije i koordinaciju borbe protiv korupcije bi morala preuzet uposlenike iz Centralne izborne komisije, koji su do stupanja na snagu ovih izmjena radili na sukobu interesa, a danom stupanja na snagu ovih izmjena prestaju da važe Pravila o vođenju postupka iz oblasti Zakona o sukobu interesa i Pravila o načinu vođenja registra. Problematična je i dalja fragmentacija pravnog i političkog prostora BiH. Republika Srpska je ranije donijela svoj Zakon o rješavanju sukoba interesa u organima vlasti Republike Srpske. U skladu sa tim zakonom, Narodna skupština Republike Srpske obrazuje Komisiju. Centralna izborna komisija bi trebalo da i dalje sprovodi Zakon u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine i Brčko Distriktu Bosne i Hercegovine, dok bi se nova komisija, u skladu sa predloženim izmjenama sprovodila zakon na državnom nivou, sve sa potpuno različitim zakonskim rješenjima i organima za provedbu. Nadalje, predložena zakonska rješenja ne osiguravaju siguran pristup relevantnim informacijama. One su neophodne za primjenu zakona, a bez njih bi zakon mogao postati bespredmetan. Trenutno su na djelu neusklađena rješenja i više uzajamno nepovezanih zakona i organa za provedbu zakona. Ako imamo na umu da ranije odluke o sukobu interesa i sankcije protiv nosioca izvršne vlasti, koje je donijela Centralna izborna komisija, nikada nisu izvršene i da niko nikada nije snosio odgovornost za neizvršenje, čini se da i danas veliki broj izabranih zvaničnika, nosioca izvršnih funkcija i savjetnika stoje i u višestrukim sukobima interesa. Predlagači u obrazloženju Zakona obrazlažu da su sankcije za kršenje zakona pooštrene. Takvo obrazlożenje nije tačno. Tačno je samo da je s razlogom ukinuta sankcija koja se odnosi na zabranu kandidiranja na izborima. U obrazloženju se dalje navodi da su sankcije pooštrene jer je data mogućnosti podnošenja prijedloga za razrješenje sa dužnosti i poziva na ostavku. Tačno je da se ovdje radi samo o prijedlogu koji ne obavezuje donosioca odluke da nekoga razriješi dužnosti. Čini se da ovakvo rješenje favorizuje samovolju u odlučivanju. Budući da se radi o zakonu koji prevashodno ima preventivnu funkciju, mora se priznati da sankcije u ovom slučaju nisu glavni problem. Ipak bi svrsishodnije bilo propisati da smjena nastupa po sili zakona kada organ ne izvrši smjenu u određenom roku ili kada funkcionier ne da ostavku, a kršenje zakona se nastavi. O ekonomskim uštedama i međunarodnim standardima, kako to predlagači navode u obrazloženju ne može biti ni govora, one se iz zakonskog prijedloga ne vide. Jedino je međunarodni standard koji je Venecijanska komisija istakla kada je u pitanju sankcija zabrane kandidiranja na izborima uzet u obzir i takve sankcije više neće biti, ako se usvoje izmjene, dok su ostali stavovi Venecijanske komisije, o kojima je u ovom radu već bilo riječi ostali zanemareni. Vrlo je vjerovatno da će pod pretpostavkom usvajanja ovog zakona doći do potpune blokade odlučivanje o sukobu interesa na državnom nivou, Federaciji BiH i Brčko Distriktu i to na jedan duži period. Biti će, naime, potrebno dosta vremena da se uspostavi komisija na državnom nivou i da se popuni pravna praznina u ovoj oblasti u Federaciji BiH i Brčko Distriktu. Potrebno je konačno naglasiti, da svi javni organi, institucije vlasti, parlamenti, centralne banke, državna revizija imaju jedan zajednički cilj i svrhu: moraju služiti javnom interesu. Povjerenje javnosti i građana u integritet izabranih zvaničnika, političara i ministara je conditio sine qua non za vladavinu prava. Navedene slabosti dopuštaju sumnju u doprinosu ovog zakona povjerenju građana u političare i institucije vlasti.