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A study of gunshot wounds associated with communist executions of the Cursed Soldiers: a medical and historical analysis of materials from the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków

Author(s): Anna Kaczmarska,Piotr Juda,Łukasz Wójcik,Patrycja Kłaptocz,Katarzyna Łukoś-Karcz,Dawid Pajor,Milena Nowak,Tomasz Konopka / Language(s): English Issue: 139/2024

Introduction: According to the document from 1946, the execution of a person sentenced to death by shooting was to consist offiring into the heart of the convict. Based on these guidelines, during forensic examination of the exhumed bone remains, severalgunshot injuries to the torso (especially to the chest) should be expected. However, most of the bodies of the cursed soldiersanalyzed in the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków contained bullet holes in the bones of the skull.Aim of the study: The study aimed to characterize and reconstruct the gunshot wounds of cursed soldiers and to compare themwith the protocol describing death penalty or other documents produced by Polish communistic state institutions.Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of autopsy protocols of cursed soldiers from the Department of Forensic Medicinein Cracow in the years 2017–2020 was conducted. After finding cases with gunshot wounds, we further analyzed the bullet inletand outlet.Results: After excluding subjects that did not meet our requirements, we obtained 28 cases in total. Based on the number ofgunshot wounds to the head, we documented 11 skulls with a single, 6 with two, and 3 with four or five gunshot wounds. In8 cases, the exact bullet pathway couldn’t be established. We also searched for remains with injuries in other locations, and sowe documented cases with additional gunshot wounds in the area of the scapula, pelvis, ribs, tibia, and humerus.Conclusions: In most cases, the deaths of cursed soldiers were due to craniocerebral injuries sustained by gunshots. Based onthe reconstruction of the bullet track, the majority of skulls had an inlet in the area of the occipital bone, which indicates that thedeath penalty executors did not comply with the guidelines for its execution. This study may be used in further research in thefield of forensic anthropology on the bodies of cursed soldiers exhumed.

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DIFFERENCES IN INCIDENCES OF UNDESIRABLE BEHAVIOR PATTERNS IN CHILDREN WITH VISUAL IMPAIREMENT BASED ON EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS

Author(s): Ševala Tulumović,Aida Mujkić Mašić / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The aim of this research was to examine incidences of undesirable behavior patterns in children with visual impairment in relation to educational conditions. The sample consisted of two groups of visually impaired children: blind children (N=19), visually impaired children (N=44), selected from the population of visually impaired children from the first to eighth grades in regular elementary schools in the Tuzla Canton, and the population of blind and visually impaired children in special education boarding schools, also from the first to eighth grades in Centers for Blind and Visually Impaired Children and Youth in Nedžarići, Sarajevo, and the Center "Budućnost" in Derventa. The variables were divided into two groups: independent variables and variables for assessing the incidence of undesirable behavior patterns. The obtained results were processed using descriptive analysis and analysis of variance. By analyzing the results on variables assessing the incidence of undesirable behavior patterns, we can conclude that there is a statistically significant difference in the incidence of undesirable behavior patterns between the two examined groups, among children with visual impairment who are educated in special education boarding schools and regular schools, specifically in the variables of unacceptable speech habits and psychological disorders. These undesirable behavior patterns are more prevalent in children attending regular schools compared to those in special education boarding schools, which can be attributed to inadequate acceptance by the social environment and a lack of adequate rehabilitation treatment.

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PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALE OF PERCEIVED SOCIAL SUPPORT AMONG PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): Senad Mehmedinović,Mirza Sitarević,Edin Sarajlić,Sanela Krdžić Osmić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The aim of the research was to determine the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support in individuals with disabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research included a total sample of 232 participants, with an average chronological age of 44.21±19.31 years, of which 121 (52.2%) were male and 111 (47.8%) were female. The study was conducted among individuals with motor impairments, visual and hearing impairments, speech and language disorders, and combined disabilities. To achieve the research objective, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support was applied, consisting of 12 assessment variables scaled from 1 to 7. The research data were processed using parametric and non-parametric statistical methods. A multivariate method of exploratory factor analysis was applied to identify factors in a given domain when the number and structure of factors are not previously known, along with confirmatory factor analysis using the maximum likelihood algorithm. Following factorization, the internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's alpha) was calculated, and the reliability of the variables was assessed through inter-item statistics. Based on the obtained research results, it can be concluded that the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support has satisfactory reliability and internal consistency for use among individuals with disabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results of both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicate a suitable threedimensional model and confirm the original structure of the scale, which can be applied to individuals with disabilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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LEVEL OF SCREEN EXPOSURE AMONG CHILDREN ATTENDING PRESCHOOL EDUCATION AND CARE

Author(s): Samra Jusufbašić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

Children of preschool age are exposed to digital media/screens to varying degrees. While some authors highlight the positive effects of screen exposure, others emphasize the negative impacts, particularly on early childhood growth and development. The aim of this study was to survey parents (N = 89) of preschool-aged children attending preschool education and care regarding their children’s level of screen exposure. In addition to the primary aim, secondary objectives were set to examine the relationship between parents’ age and the level of screen exposure, the relationship between parents’ education and the level of screen exposure, and the relationship between the total number of screens in the household and the level of screen exposure. The "Seven in Seven Screen Exposure Questionnaire" was used to assess the level of screen exposure. The analysis of the results showed that the level of screen exposure among preschool-aged children attending preschool education and care falls into the category of low exposure. No statistically significant correlation was found between parents' age, parents' education, and the level of screen exposure among preschool-aged children. However, a statistically significant correlation was identified between the total number of TVs and cellphones in the household and the level of screen exposure.

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ARHITEKTONSKA PRISTUPAČNOST KAO POSEBNA POTREBA?!

Author(s): Magdalena Perić Bralo,Martina Litanj / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/2024

The modern approach to disability is based on the principle of respect for human rights. This model continues to emphasize the importance of a stimulating environment that should enable the active, purposeful participation of all members of society. However, people with disabilities often face a restrictive environment that limits them in everyday life activities. Numerous legal regulations guarantee the right to education to all residents of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regardless of the presence of disability. However, can we talk about active participation with respect above all for human dignity if the child and his guardians cannot freely access the educational institution where inclusive education should be implemented? The aim of this qualitative research is to describe and understand the experiences of people with disabilities, related to architectural no-naccessibility during the educational process. Data were collected with a semi-structured interview and analyzed using a qualitative methodology. The participant was a person with a disability who is currently a student. The results of the research indicated that architectural inaccessibility to educational institutions does not only affect the educational segment of life and academic success of a person, but also is one of the factors that contribute to the remaining segments of the life of an individual with disabilities, and which in turn indirectly influence educational success.

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OPASNOST, IZMIŠLJENA PRIJETNJA ILI ZAVJERA? MEDIJI, POLITIKA I ODNOS PREMA PANDEMIJI BOLESTI COVID-19 I ODGOVORU NA NJU U HRVATSKOJDEMOCRACY, ACTIVE SUFFRAGE, AGE LIMIT, YOUTH

Author(s): Andrija Henjak,Bartul Vuksan-Ćusa / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 29/2024

DANGER, IMAGINED THREAT, OR CONSPIRACY? MEDIA, POLITICS, AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE RESPONSE TO IT IN CROATIA

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Noise pollution in the Suceava Metropolitan Area. Interim research

Author(s): Alina Nistor,Bogdan Nistor,Dumitru MIHĂILĂ,Petruț-Ionel Bistricean,Mihaela ȚICULEANU (CIURLICĂ),Gina LAZURCA (ANDREI) / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Noise pollution monitoring in the Suceava Metropolitan Area (SvMA) continued in 2021 and 2022 during two campaigns (named 3 and 4). Sound level meters type CEM DT - 805 were used. In campaign 3, the average noise level recorded the highest values (over 60 dB) at the points near the main traffic arteries, E85, B-dul George Enescu, 1 Mai, intersection E85 with DN29A. During weekends, the noise level decreased by 10-15 dB compared to weekdays. At all monitoring points, there were diurnal fluctuations in noise levels: increases during the day (07.00-19.00) due to heavy road and pedestrian traffic and decreases during the night (22.00-06.00) due to reduced human activities. The difference between daytime and night-time noise levels was 20-25 dB in urban areas and 5-10 dB in peri-urban areas. In the fourth monitoring campaign, with indoor and outdoor, day and night observations, the average indoor noise level (20-30 dB) was 10-35 dB lower than outdoor (30-55 dB). Maximum noise levels were below 85 dB indoors and below 105 dB outdoors.

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Prepuščeni slepi usodi? Pojmovanje slepih skozi zgodovino

Author(s): Rebeka Lovrec Kvartič / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 3/2023

The paper presents attitudes towards the blind from two perspectives. An overview of the history of the use of blind-related terminology, which is far from value-neutral and rather tied to a particular society and period of time, is followed by a brief overview of the development of education for the blind from its beginnings worldwide and in Slovenia, through segregated education to, last but not least, inclusion in the mainstream education system.

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Improving the Management Performance of the Military Medical Supply Chain for Mission Readiness

Author(s): Daher YOUSEF,Bibu NICOLAE,Marinică DANIELA / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper discussion the issue of improving the performance of managing the military medical supply chain to fully achieve its main goal, to ensure mission readiness of the military forces. The concept of supply chain management is adopted by the military logistics as a modern approach better at solving the complexities of the logistic activities in the current period. The research method was quantitative. Hypotheses were formulated regarding the correlations between three major types of medical supply chain, specific types of needs influencing the improvement of the performance of the medical supply chain, and the efficiency of the management of the supply networks for medical products. Results are discussed, conclusions and recommendations are presented.

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Strategic Direction and Progress of the UAE Tourism Industry

Author(s): Tariq Hassan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Travel tourism is one of the most significant forms of tourism. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has invested heavily in travel tourism in many ways. This has proved to be one of the best decisions made by the government. Travel tourism has positively contributed to the economic and soft power development of the country. The UAE has taken many steps, such as investing in health care and public-private partnerships, and has proved to be very successful during and after the outbreak of Covid-19. After a careful analysis of the literature, this paper discusses how the UAE government has taken major steps, the progress in the economy, and the soft power of the country. Health tourism has indeed become one of the major sources of the country's economic development as well as the development of the country's soft power, resulting in the emergence of the UAE as one of the most preferred destinations for health tourism.

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Translokalne prakse kao način života gradišćanskih Hrvata u Austriji

Author(s): Adrijana Puškarić,Marijeta Rajković Iveta / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 47/2024

Since the end of the 19th century, some Burgenland Croats have gone from Burgenland to Vienna to find work and pursue education. However, contacts with family and friends in Burgenland were not neglected. In fact, Burgenland Croats would live in Vienna during the week and in Burgenland over the weekend. This paper, based on the material collected by ethnological and cultural anthropological research, shows that this translocal way of life is practiced to this day and contributes to community cohesion. The research points to the transformation of translocal practices into lifestyle migrations, which was further fueled by the Covid-19 pandemic.

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An end-of-life frontier. Palliative care, ‘good accompaniment’ and doctor-patient relationship in light of a dialogical (and restorative) perspective

Author(s): Federico Reggio / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The essay proposes a philosophical-legal reflection dedicated to the end of life, with particular reference to the theme of palliative care and the so-called ‘accompaniment to death’, inscribed within the doctor-patient relationship, and its further possible articulations. This profile of investigation is read, in particular, through the gaze of the perspectives and methodologies of the search for consensual solutions and their singularity as instruments aimed at fostering an authentic dialogue between the parties. The considerations that follow have matured, in this regard, in the context of a discussion with medical personnel working in the oncological field and with oncological patients. Their underlying ethical perspective assumes a dialogical character, informed also by restorative ethics.

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Managing the Effects of Drug Use through Evidence-Based Measures

Author(s): Paula-Ștefania Frusinoiu,Anda Samson,Cristian Silviu Bănacu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

There are several causes or factors that contribute to the complex phenomenon of drug use and abuse. The scope and correlations of drug use vary depending on the type of drug, the social environment, the economic and cultural context, as well as the individual traits of the drug user. All these aspects should be taken into account when approaching the phenomenon through a mixture of interventions that include education, raising awareness, treatment, and support. Moreover, as drug use is recognised as a dynamic phenomenon, strongly influenced by both individual and external conditions, it is important to address all its forms, in a complementary and multidisciplinary manner. The purpose of the paper is to explore practical applications of drug prevention interventions as methods used in managing the effects of drug use in certain population categories while emphasising the link between evidence and practice.

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Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept. Admitere sesizare. Interpretarea și aplicarea dispozițiilor art. 58 lit. c) din Legea nr. 263/2010 privind sistemul unitar de pensii publice. Stagiu complet de cotizare. Vechime în muncă

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Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept. Admitere sesizare. Interpretarea și aplicarea dispozițiilor art. 58 lit. c) din Legea nr. 263/2010 privind sistemul unitar de pensii publice. Stagiu complet de cotizare. Vechime în muncă

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2024

Înalta Curte de Casație și Justiție, Completul pentru dezlegarea unor chestiuni de drept, decizia nr. 51/2024, M. Of. nr. 1.184 din 28 noiembrie 2024.

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THE PANDEMIC, THE WAR AND THE CLIMATE CRISIS

Author(s): Mihai Goțiu / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2023

The years 2021 and 2022 saw a warning from communication and disinformation experts about the emergence of an ad hoc alliance with long term effects between supporters of conspiracy theories related to the pandemic and climate change deniers. The war in Ukraine has made things only worse. In August 2021 the first section of the 6th IPCC report (”Code Red for Humanity”) had a relatively good visibility. However, the launch of the full report, in April 2022, has gone largely unnoticed. In addition to shifts in attention, the war in Ukraine has generated two opposite communication directions: an ambitious one, calling for the urgent reduction of overall dependence on fossil fuels (not just from Russia), and a conservative one, justifying postponement of decarbonisation plans. The latter has already been used in Romania to adopt laws with a significant environmental impact. Last but not least, there is a convergence both nationally and globally (at the levels of human and financial resources, communications channels, messages) of conservative (justifying the attack of Russia in Ukraine through the prism of the defence of traditional values), conspiratorial (related to the pandemic and the promoters of the progressive discourse) and denialist discourses (in relation to climate change).

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Dobitak za mozak: Kako poboljšanje zdravlja mozga koristi ekonomiji

Author(s): Andy Moose,Kana Enomoto,Harris Eyre / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 3/2024

Poremećaji zdravlja mozga - uključujući mentalne poremećaje upotrebe tvari i neurološke poremećaje - doprinose do 15% globalnog zdravstvenog tereta, izjednačavajući ih s kardiovaskularnim bolestima. Procjenjuje se da poremećaji mozga globalnu ekonomiju koštaju 5 bilijuna dolara godišnje, a taj iznos se očekuje da će porasti na 16 bilijuna do 2030. godine. Ipak, u većini zemalja ljudi nemaju pristup učinkovitom promicanju zdravlja mozga, uslugama i podršci.

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INFLACIJSKA DINAMIKA NA PROSTORU BIVŠE JUGOSLAVIJE U PANDEMIJSKOM I POSTPANDEMIJSKOM RAZDOBLJU

Author(s): Željko Bogdan,Lucija Rogić Dumančić,Tomislav Sekur / Language(s): Croatian Issue: XXX/2024

During 2021, and especially in 2022, the period of low inflation in a large part of the developed world was interrupted. This article examines the annual inflation rates for the countries that emerged from the breakup of the former Yugoslavia between 2019 and 2024. Although they were part of a single political space during the 20th century, these countries are characterized by development diversities, so the share of expenditure on food and non-alcoholic beverages in the average consumer basket differs between them. The differences in these countries are reflected in the size of consumption inflation, but also in the contributions that contribute to it. Food and soft drink prices, housing costs and transportation costs (primarily fuel and lubricant prices) should certainly be mentioned as important generators of inflation. In the analyzed period, the largest cumulative increase in prices was recorded in Serbia (by 42% on average), and the smallest in Slovenia (by 23.7% on average) and Bosnia and Herzegovina (by 24.9% on average). All countries recorded an above-average increase in prices in the food and soft drinks segment, but the lowest cumulative increase was recorded in Slovenia (by 33.6% on average) and the highest in Serbia (by 58.66% on average). In the segment of housing costs, Croatia recorded the lowest cumulative growth (21.55% on average) and Serbia the highest (58.8% on average). In terms of transportation, the highest cumulative price growth was recorded by Serbia (23.9% on average) and Croatia (22.6% on average), and the lowest by Montenegro (12.1% on average) and Northern Macedonia (around 12.6% on average). The prices of food and beverages and housing costs had an important positive contribution to inflation. The highest level of inflation in all economies was in 2022, but its reduction (with the exception of Serbia) begins to be felt already during 2023. Despite the significant reduction in the average annual inflation rate in 2024, in the analyzed countries (with the exception of Slovenia and Kosovo) it is still higher than to the EU average.

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DISABILITY DISCOURSES IN ROMANIA BEFORE 1916

Author(s): Maria Bucur / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2023

This paper examines discourses about disability in Romania between the late nineteenth century and the beginning of World War I, with a focus on the military, philanthropic institutions, and medical institutions. Teasing out contradictions and divergencies among different historical actors with decision making power over disabled persons, the paper shows how the vocabulary for disability and thus public understanding of various forms of disability engendered a confusing set of assumptions about the relationship between these individuals and the able-bodied in society.

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TESTING WITH STUDENTS THE USABILITY OF AN E-LEARNING PLATFORM DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Dragos Daniel Iordache,Ionuț Petre,Monica Barbu,Ion Alexandru Marinescu / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2022

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the majority of school activities being carried out through e-learning platforms. This has not been a gradual process but a sudden one, because of the imposed sanitary restrictions. Thus, many of the existing e-Learning applications have had to respond to the educational needs of a large number of teachers and students and to adapt their functions so that no major usability problems would arise. One of the e-Learning platforms through which a large number of students carried out their educational activities during the pandemic, is Google Classroom. This study aims to present the results of testing with students, the usability of the Google Classroom platform during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, a heuristic evaluation with four teams of students was performed. Another objective was to familiarize students participating in the study with the method of heuristic evaluation of e-Learning platforms under the guidance of four expert evaluators. The results of the evaluation highlighted several usability problems of the platform, ranked on three levels of severity: major, moderate and minor. Regarding the usability heuristics, most of the problems were related to user control and feedback followed by the information architecture, prompting and minimal actions.

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Administration of Sacraments in casu necessitatis by Nurses in Croatia — A Few Qualitative Examples from Clinical Practice

Author(s): Damjan Abou Aldan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Modern healthcare requires a holistic approach and person–centered care. Rare examples are highlighted in this paper, in which this type of experience is seen not only in view of a patient’s autonomy but also through actions that go beyond certain standardized procedures. It is a higher level of understanding of a human compared to the one of the prevalent biomedical model. This paper outlines the experiences of three nurses from the Republic of Croatia who participated in the administration of sacraments during their regular work in nursing care. These experiences include administering the sacrament of baptism to a newborn with a predicted fatal outcome as the priest was unavailable, and the sacrament of Holy Communion to a patient whom the priest could not physically access. Preliminary results are presented along with a review of the literature, with the aim of preparing a more comprehensive study with a greater number of respondents. The first results show that in the healthcare system of the Republic of Croatia, there are nurses who participate in the administration of sacraments, but they state that they do not have sufficient knowledge about the process. During the formal education of nurses, there are no contents that would deal with the described phenomena, although the necessity of meeting the spiritual needs of patients is emphasized.

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