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Метаигрите на съзнанието

Author(s): Nadezhda Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This study addresses the issues of screen synthesis through which a certain type of message is suggested; in this case: the impact of films featuring violence, cruelty, and aggression, as well as the polysemantic nature of the screen message and the transformation in the receptions of adolescents between 13 and 18 years old. The focus is on the motives for choosing topics in the film industry that are related to the interpretations of aggression and crime, mainly among young people. The emotional involvement of the viewer, especially during the period of physical and mental maturation, is a precarious process with unpredictable consequences and side effects. Playing with the audience, with their conscious perceptions and unconscious experiences, especially through attempts at manipulation, which are not missing, can prove to be a very dangerous (meta)territory.

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THE ELUSIVE RELATIONSHIP OF STATE POWER AND SOCIETAL PEACE: REFLECTIONS ON THE CASE OF KOSOVO

Author(s): Albana Cerkrezi,Reina Zelenaj Shehi,Festina Kabashi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Twenty years ago, NATO’s intervention against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), taking place without the approval of the UN Security Council (UNSC), challenged the sovereignty and non-interference norms the UN had perceived as international peace and order, until that moment. While the military action served to question existing principles, it simultaneously examined the effectiveness of non-authorization. Moreover, the Kosovo case stimulated one of the most important UN reforms that transformed the concept of sovereignty from right to responsibility. Conceptually, the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has largely advanced since then. The transformation shifted the attention from political to sociological peace making society, gender and victims of conflict at the focus of peacebuilding and peace sustaining processes. The juxtaposition of state and societal peace continues in post-conflict Kosovo with both approaches being intermingled: the security debate covers attempts for a peace-building agenda, whereas the formation of a national army is pursued.

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Recenzii

Author(s): Paul Caravia,Radu Ciuceanu,Vitalie Văratec,Mircea Stănescu,Alina Tudor,Flori Stănescu,Cătălin Strat / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2-3/1996

Reviews of: 1. François Furet, Trecutul unei iluzii. Eseu despre ideea comunistă în secolul XX, traducere de Emanoil Marcu și Vlad Russo, Editura Humanitas, București, 1996. 2. loan Hudiță, Jurnal politic (1 ianuarie - 24 august 1944), studiu introductiv și note de Acad. Dan Berindei, Editura “Roza Vânturilor”, București, 1997. 3. Vadim Ștefan Pirogan, Cu gândul la tine, Basarabia mea. Din mărturiile unui vinovat fără vină, Editura Enciclopedică "Gheorghe Asachi", Chișinău, 1995. 4. Françoise Thom, Sfârșiturile comunismului, prefață de Liviu Antonesei, traducere de Gabriela Gavril, Editura Polirom, lași, 1996. 5. Stelian Bălănescu, Ion Solacolu, Inconsistența miturilor. Cazul Mișcării Legionare, Editura I Polirom, lași, 1995. 6. Doina Jela, Cazul Nichita Dumitru. Încercare de reconstituire a unui proces comunist 29 august -1 septembrie 1952, Editura Humanitas, București, 1995. 7. Memorialul Ororii. Documente ale procesului reeducării din închisorile Pitești, Gherla, coordonat de Silvia Colfescu, Nicolae Henegariu, Angela Dumitru, Cristina Cantacuzino, Editura Vremea, București, 1995. 8. Mărturisitori de după gratii. Slujitori ai Bisericii în temnițele comuniste, coordonat de Paul Caravia, Virgiliu Șt. Constantinescu, Diac Ștefan lloaie, Cuvânt înainte de Î.P.S. Bartolomeu al Clujului, Arhidiecezana Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, 1995. 9. Ion, Rațiu, Moscova sfidează lumea, Editura Signata, Timișoara, 1990. 10. MiIovan Djilas, Întîlniri cu Stalin, Traducere și postfață de I Dorin Gămulescu, Editura Europa, Craiova, f.a. 11. Alarmă în Piața Roșie!, Evenimentele de la Kremlin privite, pas cu pas, prin ochii agențiilor de presă, Vol. I-III, Agenția Națională de presă ÇROMPRES,” București, 1991. 12. Roy Medvedev, Despre Stalin și stalinism, Traducere din limba rusă de Margareta Sipoș, Editura Humanitas, București, 1991. 13. Boris Bajanov, Kremlinul anilor ’20, Memoriile fostului secretar al lui Stalin, Traducere din limba rusă de Mihai Coruț, Editura . Cogito, Oradea, 1991. 14. Alain Besançon, Anatomia unui spectru, Economia politică a socialismului real, Traducere de Mona Antohi și Sorin Antohi, Editura Humanitas, București, 1992. 15. Hélène Carrère d’Encause Triumful națiunilor sau sfârșitul imperiului sovietic, Editura Remember, București, 1993. 16. Roy Medvedev, Oamenii lui Stalin, Traducere, note și glosar de G.G. Potra și Delia Razdolescu, Editura Meridiane, București, 1993. 17. Hélène Carrère d’Encause, Imperiul spulberat. Revolta națiunilor în U. R. S. S., în românește de Alina Ungureanu, Editura Remember - SIC Press Group, 1993. 18. Gerd Ruge, Mihail Gorbaciov Biografie, traducere de Honoria I Pohrib și Magdalena Georgescu, Editura Doina, 1993. 19. Michael Lynch, Stalin și 'N Hrușciov. U.R.S.S. 1924-1964, Traducere de Roxana Aura Duma, Editura ALL, București, 1994. 20. Mihail Gorbaciov, Memorii, Traducere de Radu Pontbriand, Ediție îngrijită, note și anexe de Petre Dan, Editura Nemira, București, 1994 21. Christopher Andrew & Oleg Gordievski, KGß - Istoria secretă a operațiunilor sale de la Lenin la Gorbaciov, Editura ALL, București, 1994.

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Lista persoanelor decedate în gulagul românesc 1945-1964, II

Author(s): Ion Bălan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2-3/1996

This is a list of the persons who died during the criminal investigation stage, while serving their sentence, and who were sentenced to death and executed in 1945-1946.

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Învățământul superior ieșean - Strategia purificărilor 1956-1964, I

Author(s): Dănuț Doboș / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/1995

The volume presents the state of higher education in Romania, particularly in the academic centre in Iasi, under the communist regime. Fresh information is supplied on the part played by the political report and the personnel department, on the purge and student expelling policy applied, on the nepotism practiced by the governing bodies, and on arbitrary governmental ruling.

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Lista persoanelor decedate în gulagul românesc 1945-1964, I

Author(s): Ion Bălan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/1995

The author presents a document containing the list of the prisoners who died between 1945 and 1964, in the penitentiaries of Jilava, Cluj, Galati, Sighet, Timisoara, Pitești, Baia Mare, Constanta and in the forced labour camps of the Danube-Black Sea channel. The document belongs to the archives of the Romanian Service for Information.

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Dictionar biografic

Author(s): Cristian Troncota,Cerasela Moldoveanu,Horia Nestorescu-Bălcești,Gheorghe Neacșu,Gheorghe Tînică,Anișoara Budici,Adrian Brișcă,Alesandru Duţu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/1995

Eugen Cristescu (1895-1950) As chief of Security (1929 - 1934) and director general (16 November 1940 - 23 August 1944) of the S.S.I. - the Romanian security and information structures -. Eugen Cristescu contributed to the counteractions against the extreme right and left wing political trends in Romania. Arrested on 24 September 1944, he was taken to Moscow for interrogation. Brought back to Romania in April 1946. he was tried by the People's Tribunal, charged with war crimes and the country's disaster. He was sentenced to life imprisonment despite the fact that the administered evidence in his so-called "high-treason” trial failed to confirm the allegations. After having been investigated by Securitate, he died on 12 January’ 1950, in the penitentiary at Văcărești. Nicolae Dăscălescu (1884-1969) General Nicolae Dăscălescu took part in WW I, distinguishing himself in the offensives in Transylvannia and on the Moldavian front: in 1917, he was exceptionally promoted to the rank of major. In 1919, he participated in the campaign of the Romanian army in Hungary, fighting against the Soviet Republic in Budapest which was threatening Romania's territorial integrity. On 29 July 1945. after his glorious participation in the Eastern and Western campaign (1941-1945). he was sent into retirement without having been offered any explanation. General N. Dăscălescu was arrested twice, in 1946 and in 1951. He was released in 1955 and died on 28 September 1969, after prolonged suffering, deprivation and indignities. Teohari Georgescu (1908- 1976) Born on January 31, 1908, a printer, Teohari Georgescu was at the beginning a union activist and, starting with 1933. he became a Romanian Communist party activist; he climbed up the party's hierarchical ladder to the top, i.e.. the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the P.M.R. In 1952. he was removed from all party and state offices, alongside Ana Pauker and Vasile Luca, having been charged with participation in separatist actions. Sent back to the lower ranks, he directed the polygraphic enterprise he used to be an apprentice at decades ago. He died on January 1 1975. Later on rehabilitated, he was interred in the Heroes' Monument of Fighters for Socialism. luliu Hossu (1885-1970) Cardinal Iuliu Hossu, together with Miron Cristca. Vasile Goldiș and Alexandru VaidaVoevod, was on the prestigious delegation which brought over to Bucharest the document of the great Union, the Resolution voted for at Alba lulia. to be delivered to King Ferdinand. In the spring of 1965. after having suffered the communist hunt in Romania, he was promoted to the rank of cardinal "in pectorc" by Pope Paul the Sixth. Nicolae Macici (1886-1950) As a commissioned officer in the Romanian army. N. Macici took part in the 1913 campaign in Bulgaria. In 1916. as a captain, he participated in the campaign in Transylvannia. In 1941, he contributed to the reestablishment of the public order seriously perturbed by the Iron Guard rebellion. On 28 April 1945, under the pretext of his involvement with the operations in Transnistria and Odessa (1941), he was arrested and brought to court on the first trial of the Romanian "war criminals". He was sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted, by a High Royal Decree, to forced labour for life. His indictment and sentence were unjustified. He died in prison, on 15 June 1950. due to the harsh prison regime. George Manu (1903-1961). It is in Paris that George Manu was awarded his doctor’s degree in physics: he was Marie Curie’s favourite student. In 1936. he was appointed associate professor to the Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Bucharest, where he worked together with Horia Hulubei. In 1937, he became a member of the Iron Guard movement, and was its a.i. commandant in 1943. Coopted in the steering committee of the National Resistance Movement (1945), in 1946 George Manu was indicted in the ’’Black Coats” trial. In 1948, he was sentenced to life imprisonment and forced labour. He died in prison on 12 April 1961. Çozma Pătrăucean (1909-1992) Descending from a peasant's family in the village of Straja, the county of Suceava, Cozma Pătrăucean was an anti-communist partisan in the mountains of Bukovina. Hunted by the communist authorities for having punched a Jewess in public, he took refuge in the Bukovina forests in the autumn of 1948. in the company of Constantin Gherman, Constantin Cenușă of Putna. In August 1951, he was apprehended by Securitate and sentenced to 22 years' imprisonment. Mihai Șutzu (1891-1942). Colonel Mihail Șutzu distinguished himself on the Eastern front, in the battles fought by Group I Mountain Artillery he commanded both in Northern Bucovina and while advancing across the Nipru and Crimea, in the Sevastopol zone. On 14 June 1942. while on the front line, he was severely wounded and died on the following day despite medical assistance.

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Recenzii

Author(s): Claudiu Degeratu,Gheorghe Onișoru,Florin Constantiniu,Lucian Năstasă,Flori Stănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/1995

Reviews of: 1. Gale Stokes, From Stalinism to Pluralism - A Documentary History of Eastern Europe since 1945, New York, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991. 2. Aleksa Djilas, The Contested Country. Yugoslav Unity and Communist Revolution, 1919-1953, Harvard University Press, 1991. 3. The Cominform, Minutes of the Three Conferences, 1947/1948/ 1949. Edited by Giuliano Procacci, Co-editors Grant Adibekov, Anna di Biaggio, Leonid Gibianskii, Francesca Gori, Silvio Pons, Milano, Feltrinelli, 1994. G.M. Adibekov, Kominformi poslevoennaia Evropa, Moscova, Rossiia Molodaia, 1994. 4. Gazdag Gyula, Képes könyv 1968-1979 (Carte ilustrată), Pécs, Jelenkor Kiadö (Ars Longa), 1994. 5. Adriana Georgescu, La început a fost sfârșitul. Dictatura roșie la București, Prefață de M. Lovinescu, Editura Humanitas, București, 1992. 6. Ion loanid, închisoarea noastră cea de toate zilele, I voi. 3(1956-1959), • Editura Albatros, București, 1992. 7. Ion Pantazi, Am trecut prin iad, Ediția a ll-a, Cuvânt înainte de I. Pantazi, Editura Constant, Sibiu, 1992. 8. Mihai Rădulescu, Sânge pe' Râul Doamnei. Până când atâta suferință?, Editura Ramida, București, 1992. 9. Dina Balș, Drumuri pustiite, Memorii, Editura Cartea Românească, București, 1993. 10. Gheorghe Bâgu. Mărturisiri din întuneric, Cuvânt’ înainte de Gh. Bâgu, Editura Tehnică, București, 1993. 11. Ion Cârja, Canalul morții,Cuvânt despre autor de Victor Grigorescu, Cuvânt înainte de I. Cârja, Editura I Cartea Românească, București, 1993. 12. Lena Constante, EvadareaK imposibilă. Penitenciarul i politic de femei Miercurea Ciuc 1957-1961, Prefață de L. Constante, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, București, 1993. 13. Nicholas Dima, Călătorie spre libertate. întâlnire cu destinul, Traducere de Constantin Sfeatcu, Cuvânt i înainte de David B. Funderburk, Selous Foundation Press, Washington D.C., 1987, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, București, 1993. 14. Emil Manu, Infernurile noastre. Jurnal de detenție, Editura Crater, București, 1993.

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Colectivizarea agriculturii. Tipologia represiunii. Execuții demonstrative, 1950

Author(s): Octavian Roske / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/1994

The collection of documents is centered around the involvement of the Securitate in the policy of assassinations conceived to achieve the objective of forced collectivization of the niral population. Ten pristine documents in the S.R.I. (The Romanian Intelligence Service) archives are introduced. Among them: Testimony of Col. Mihail Patriciu on the execution of some land owners in the village of Bistra, county of Turda, October 5, 1950. Testimony of Lt. Mr. Gavril Otvös on the execution of three land owners in the village of Bistra. county of Turda, October 9, 1950.

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Marturii

Author(s): loan Băiceanu,Anghel Cojocaru,Claudiu Tanasiciuc / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/1994

Testimonies of: 1. Ioan Băiceanu, The Last Battlefor Crimea 2. Anghel Cojocaru, Across Soviet Camps 3. Claudiu Tanasiciuc, Sentenced for an Indeterminate Duration

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Recenzii

Author(s): Dorina Tănase,Sandra Cristea,Paul Caravia,Flori Stănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/1994

Reviews of: 1. George Crișan, An Amazing Life. Escape from Rumania, Vantage Press, New York, Los Angeles 1990. 2. Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, Imperiul spulberat, Revolta națiunilor în U.R.S.S., traducere de Alina Ungureanu, Editura "Remember", Sic Press Group, 1993, Triumful națiunilor sau sfârșitul imperiului sovietic, traducere de Sofia L. Oprescu, Editura "Remember", Sic Press Group, 1993. 3. Jean-François Revel, Cunoașterea inutilă, trad. Dan C. Mihăiescu, Editura Humanitas, Seria Societatea Civilă, București, 1993. 4. Paul Goma, Gherla, Editura Humanitas, București, 1990. 5. Paul Goma, Patimile după Pitești, Editura Cartea Românească, București, 1990. 6. Gheorghe Mazilu, în ghearele Securității. Mărturii, Prefață de Cicerone lonițoiu, Lausanne, 1981, București, f.e, f.a. 7. Teohar Mihadaș, Pe muntele Ebal, Cuvânt al Editurii de Valentin Tașcu, Editura Clusium, Cluj-Napoca, 1990. 8. Constantin Noica, Rugați-vă pentru brațele Alexandru, Prefață de C. Noica, Editura Humanitas, București, 1990. 9. Doru Novacovici, în România, după gratii, Fundația pentru tineret Buzău, Buzău, f.a. 10. Remus Radina, Testamentul din morgă, Prefață de Eugen lonescu, Editura Tinerama, București, f.a. 11. Dumitru Bacu, Pitești. Centru de reeducare studențească, Prefață de preot Gheorghe Calciu, Editura Atlantida, București, 1991. 12. Max Bănuș, Cei care m-au ucis, Prefață de M. Bănuș, Editura Tinerama, București, 1991. 13. Radu Ciuceanu, Memorii I, Intrarea în tunel, Prefață și note de Octavian Roske, Editura Meridiane, București, 1991. 14. Onisifor Ghibu, Ziar de lagăr. Caracal 1945, Ediție îngrijită de Romeo Dăscălescu și Octavian Ghibu, Editura Albatros, București, 1991.

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Recenzii

Author(s): Tatiana Niculescu,Florin Müller,Radu Ciuceanu,Horia Nestorescu-Bălcești / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/1994

Reviews of: 1. Osip Mandelstam, Tristia, traducere de Puiu Brăileanu și Valeriu Bucuroiu, prefață, note și tabel cronologic de Valeriu Bucuroiu, Editura Libra, București, 1994. 2. Nistor Chioreanu, Morminte vii, ediție îngrijită, prefațată, note și indice de Marius Cristian, Editura Institutului European pentru Cooperare CulturalȘtiințifică, Iași, 1992. 3. Ovidiu Guleș, Cum am cunoscut LegiuneaArhanghelului Mihail, Editura Gordian, Timișoara, 1992. 4. Atentatele de la Jilava... Snagov și Strejnicul, 26-27 noiembrie 1940, ediția a Il-a coordonată de Stelian Nea goe, Editura Scripta București, 1992. 5. Pe marginea prăpastiei (21 - 23 ianuarie 1941), Editura Scripta, București, voi.1-11,1992. 6. Ana-Maria Marin, Prin poarta cea strâmtă, Editura Gordian, Timișoara, 1993. 7. Ion Moța, Testamentul lui Ion Moța, Colecția "Documente istorice sechestrate", Editura Gordian, Timișoara, 1993. 8. Comeliu Zelea-Codreanu, Pentru legionari, Editura Gordian, Timișoara, 1993, vol.I. 9. Ștefan Palaghițâ, Garda de Fier spre reînvierea României, volum alcătuit și îngrijit de Alexandru V.Diță, prefață de Dan Zamfîrescu, Editura Roza Vânturilor, București, 1993. 10. Ion Gavrilâ Ogoranu, Braziise frâng, dar nu se îndoiesc. Din rezistența anticomunistă în Munții Făgăraș, Editura Marineasa, Timișoara, 1993. 11. Michele Rallo, România în perioada revoluțiilor naționale din Europa, 1919-1945), Editura SeMpre, București 1993. 12. Nae Tudorică, Mărturisiri în duhul adevărului. Mișcarea Legionară și Căpitanul, așa cum aufost. Editura Plumb, Bacău, 1993. 13. Francisco Veiga, Istoria Gărzii de Fier 1919-1941, Mistica ultranaționalismului, traducere de Marian Ștefănescu, EdituraHumanitas, București, 1993. 14. Filon Verca, Parașutați în România vândută, Editura Gordian, Timișoara,1993. 15. Din luptele tineretului român, 1919-1939, responsabil Duliu Sfînțescu, Editura Fundației Buna Vestire, 1993. 16. Ion Antonescu, Românii. Originea, trecutul, sacrificiile și drepturile lor, ediție îngrijită de maior Ilie Schipor, Editura Clio, București, 1990. 17. Gheorghe Buzatu, Istorie interzisă Mărturii și documente despre mareșalii României: Alexandru Averescu, Constantin Prezan, Ion Antonescu, Editura Curierul Doljean, Craiova, 1990. 18. Gheorghe Buzatu, MareșalulAntonescu în fața istoriei, ediție în colaborare cu Stela Cheptea, V.Fl.Dobrinescu, I.Saizu, Voll - II, Iași 1990. 19. Antonescu - Hitler. Corespondență și întâlniri inedite (1940-1944), ediție de Vasile Arimia, Ion Ardeleanu, Ștefan Lache, coordonator științific dr.Florin Constantiniu, Editura Cozia, București, 1991. 20. George Magherescu, Adevărul despre MareșalulAntonescu, Editura Păunescu, București, 1991, vol.I-III. 21. General-locotenent (r) Ion Șuța, România la cumpăna istoriei. August '44, Editura Științifică, București, 1991. 22. Gheorghe Barbul, Memorial Antonescu. Al treilea om al Axei, ediție și studiu introductiv de Valeriu Florin Dobrinescu, traducere și note de Sanda-Maria Ardeleanu și Mihail-Constantin Ardeleanu, Institu¬ \J tul European, Iași, 1992. 23. MareșalulIon Antonescu. Secretele guvernării. Rezoluții ale Conducătorului Statului (septembrie 1940 - august 1944) , cuvânt înainte, selecție, note și indici de Vasile Arimia și Ion Ardeleanu, Editura Românul, București, 1992. 24. C.I.C. Brătianu, CarolII, Ion Antonescu. Amintiri. Documente. Corespondență, Cuvânt înainte, note, îngijire de ediție și indici de Ion Ardeleanu , Editura Forum S.R.L., București, 1992. 25. General-maior Mircea Agapie, cpt. R. 1 dr. Jipa Rotaru, Ion Antonescu. Cariera militară (Scrisori inedite). Editura Academiei de înalte Studii Militare, București, 1993. 26. MareșalIon Antonescu. Epistolarul Infernului. Avertisment, note și indice de nume de Mihai Pelin, Editura Viitorul Românesc, 1993. 27. Mareșal Ion Antonescu, Istoria mă vajudeca. Scrieri inedite, studiu introductiv de generalmaior Mircea Agapie, documente selectate și pregătite pentru tipar de maior Constantin Hlihor. Editura Academiei de înalte Studii . Militare, București, 1993. 28. loan Dan, "Procesul" Mareșalului Ion Antonescu. Editura Tempus, București, 1993. 29. Dr. Jipa Rotaru, Leonida Moise, Neculai Moghior, Al treilea mareșal alRomâniei. Ion Antonescu. începutul carierei militare (1882-1919), Editura Metropol, București, 1993. 30. Iuliu Maniu - Ion Antonescu. Opinii și confruntări politice. 1940-1944, Cuvânt înainte, îngrijire de ediție, note și comentarii de Ion Calafeteanu. Editura Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1994. 31. Nicolae Baciu, Agonia României. 1944-1948. Dosarele secrete acuză. Editura Dacia, Cluj - Napoca, 1990. 32. Victor Frunză, Cât mai poate trăi un cadravru politic. Texte din exil. Editura Victor Frunză, București, 1990. 33. Vlad Georgescu, Politică și istorie. Cazul comuniștilor români. 1944-1947. Ediție de Radu Popa. Editura Humanitas, București, 1991. 34. G-ral lt. Ion Suceavă, în numele adevărului.Memorii, Editura Venus, București, 1991. 35. Mihai Botez, Românii despre ei înșiși. O cercetare de comunismologie prospectivă. Editura Litera, București, 1992. 36. Nicoleta Franck, O înfrângere în victorie. Cum a devenit România, din Regat, Republică Populară (1944-1947), postfață de Dinu C.Giurescu. Editura Humanitas, București, 1992. 37. Gh. Ionescu Olbojan, Fantomele lui Pacepa, Editura Corida, București, 1993. 38. Ion Mihai Pacepa, Moștenirea Kremlinului. Rolulspionajului în sistemul comunist de guvernare. Editura Venus, București, 1993. 39. Emil Bărbulescu, Nicolae Ceaușescu afost unchiul meu. Editura "Datina", f.l., f.a.

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Скрита дискриминация и индивидуален подход в педагогическата практика

Author(s): Doncho Donev,Milena Ilieva,Vera Todorova,Veneta Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

The individual approach as a standard way of working with students is one of the most widely-used methods of work in Bulgarian schools. The approach is presented through diverse perspective in the scientific-methodological aspect. However, beyond the level of practical application, quite often the individual approach may be a cover for practices of hidden discrimination on the behalf of teachers toward their students. The article presents the results of a study on hidden discrimination when applying individual approach in Bulgarian schools and kindergartens.

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Regimul de exterminare la Aiud: înfometarea

Author(s): Nae Tudorică,loan Gh. Mitucă,Constantin Cesianu,Teohar Mihadaș,Nistor Chioreanu,Constantin Lățea,Ion Ioanid,Ion M. Ionescu,Nicholas Dima / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/1993

The authors are former political prisoners. Covering the period 1949-1956, the testimonies describe the daily food in Aiud, one ofthe extermination centres set up by the Communist regime. The prisoners' weight decreased to 19 pounds in less than four months. The estimated daily nutritive value did not exceed 1000 calories.

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Dictionar biografic

Author(s): Cristian Troncota / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/1993

Daniel Ciugureanu, (1885-1950) Daniel Ciugureanu organized important actions of the Moldavian National Party, the main political force in Bessarabia under Russian occupation. He was member of the Romanian government, 1918-1919. Exterminated by the Communist regime in 1950 in the Sighet prison. Gheorghe Cristescu, (1882-1973) Florian Tănăsescu is a researcher at the Centre of Sociology, University of Bucharest. Gheorghe Cristescu was a Left leader in Romania, 1905-1938. Participant at the foundation of the Communist Party, 1921; secretary general of the Romanian Communist Party, 1922-1924; excluded from the party, 1923. He protested against the anti-Romanian politics promoted by the Communist Internationale. He was arrested by the Communist authorities in 1950. Ion Vatamaniuc, (1903-1992) Ion Vatamaniuc belonged to the partisan movement which fought against the Soviet troops in Bukovina, after the invasion of Romania in March 1944. He was captured by N.K.V.D. At the end of a brutal interrogation in Hungary, he was shot in the neck. Nevertheless, he survived and came back to Romania where he was arrested again by the Communist authorities. In 1953 he was sentenced to eight years and in 1956 to seven years' imprisonment

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The War in Ukraine from 2022 and Its Impact on the Environment

Author(s): Mihail Haralampiev,Monika Panayotova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The present article aims to focus the attention on the Russian-Ukrainian war from February 24, 2022 and its impact on the environment. The analysis reveals the importance of climate issues in Ukraine for the past, present and future of the country by considering: a/the war as wake-up call for climate emergency; and b/ the desire of Kiev for accession to the EU as an opportunity for green transition and sustainable recovery. It is claimed that the war in Ukraine from 2022 is an example of how military actions have a significant ecological footprint and how the post-war recovery could be a chance for low-carbon development of the economy and society of the second largest country in Europe, the seventh in terms of population and the eighth of military forces of the old continent. On the one hand, it emphasizes on the multidimensional role of the armed forces and defence sector that should be considered within the wider climate-security nexus. On the other hand, it shows that the pursuit of EU membership has a green transformative effect, considering the strategic targets of the Union to move towards Net Zero by 2050.The analysis leads to the following conclusions: 1) The military conflict between Russia and Ukraine shows the widespread use of various types of weapons, which generates large amounts of carbon dioxide, by strongly affecting the climate of the entire continent; 2) The post-war recovery is a chance for Ukraine for better sustainable development of its economy, society and security; 3) The path of Ukraine to the EU would be a stimulus for the armed forces and defence sector, as causing and suffering the consequences of climate change, to increase the resilience of their capabilities and infrastructure, by investing in green and innovative technologies and at the same time by decreasing their environmental footprint without reducing their operational effectiveness.

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A THEORY OF RELIGIOUS GRIEVANCE: UNDERSTANDING THE CONFLICT IN AFGHANISTAN

Author(s): Omar Joya,Lutfi Rahimi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Grievances have been an important source of conflict throughout human history. In this paper, we attempt to explain the conflict in Afghanistan beyond the economic reasons – a premise that dominated the development discourse in the post-2001 period, yet had limited impact in terms of reducing violence and countering insurgency. We present a theory of ‘religious grievance’ in understanding the conflict in Afghanistan which shows how individuals resort to insurgency in response to their perceptions of discrimination, political exclusion, and perceptions of threat to religious sovereignty. The theory explains how and when religious grievance turns into political grievance to engender conflict in societies where a political interpretation of religion is dominant. The paper concludes with a discussion of how radicalism can be contained by investing in and promoting alternative moderate discourses to delegitimize radical narratives that have been used as a conflict mobilization strategy.

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Use of Mobile Applications in Smoking, Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders

Author(s): Halil İbrahim Bilkay,Nermin Gürhan,Burak Şirin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Currently, technology and mobile health applications are developing and being applied in different fields every day. Especially the use of mobile technology in many health fields offers various opportunities for the use of mobile applications in smoking, alcohol and substance use disorders, which is an important public mental health problem. The aim of this review study was to examine 16 mobile applications designed for the treatment and monitoring of smoking, alcohol and substance use. It was concluded that self-monitoring, notification and warning systems, location services, peer and expert support services were frequently used in the analyzed mobile applications. As a result of the studies, the use of mobile applications as a preventive intervention in the prevention of addiction and as an additional treatment option in addiction treatment is promising. However, this situation brings along various harms, risks and obstacles. This review of the relevant literature provides a critical update of mobile applications used in smoking, alcohol and substance use disorders. This review is expected to be an important guide for mental health professionals and mobile application designers working on addiction.

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THE ENCOUNTER OF PSYCHIATRY AND RACISM IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF MICHEL FOUCAULT

Author(s): Maja Vasiljević / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 41/2022

The subject of this article is the encounter of race, racism, and psychiatry in the philosophy discourse of the French philosopher Michel Foucault. Although he is admired for development of the concept of power relations, and nontraditional approach to history and philosophy, in this article focus will be on Foucault as an intellectual who was also trained and had affinity in psychology and psychiatry. In this respect, the novelty of his approach to historical roots of psychiatry and its social importance in modern times will be accessed, as well as relations between racism and psychiatry. With this article, Foucault will be presented not only as a philosopher of anti-psychiatry, but also as a representative of critical discourse of power that psychiatry has on racism and modern society. In that respect, his discourse on relations between race and psychiatry will be accessed as suitable for application in humanities, social and medical sciences.

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Bullying among Roma Children of a Cluj Metropolitan Area School

Author(s): Cristina Faludi,Lida-Elena Zaharia / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Background: Bullying occurs mostly in schools, having destructive psychologically and physically long-term effects. This study has a research and psycho-social intervention approach. The purpose of research was to investigate whether Roma children were more exposed to bullying situations in school than Romanian children. The research had a pre-intervention component, designed to inform the intervention, and a post-intervention component, serving an assessment purpose.Methods: This study was conducted in a primary classroom of a secondary school from Cluj metropolitan area, where 23% of the school population were Roma pupils. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 8 pupils and 7 parents of Roma and Romanian ethnicity, and with 3 teachers during May-June 2022. Thematic analysis was used to investigate the qualitative data. A sociogram explored the attraction and rejection relationships between Roma and Romanian classmates. Following the research, a psycho-educational group was conducted with the pupils of the investigated classroom. The Paired-samples t Test was applied to investigate whether pupils improved their level of knowledge about bullying at the end of intervention.Results: The findings showed that school was not a discriminatory bullying environment based on ethnicity. Physical and verbal forms of bullying prevailed in school. A significantly higher level of knowledge about bullying was evidenced at the end of intervention. The group leader informed parents about bullying and conceived a step-by-step intervention plan with the teacher to suppress bullying between pupils. Conclusions: Further directions of research and intervention to address bullying are exposed in the last section of the study.

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