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The paper analyses the contemporary debate about memory culture and memory policy in Germany which are highly valid for Europe as well. They base on the political consensus that the memory of collective crimes committed in the past, especially of the Holocaust, and the honour to the victims, are a basic prerequisite for the protection of human rights. In the second part of the paper different critical views on the conception and practice of memory culture and memory policy in Germany are discussed.
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The thesis of this article is that the cultural (collective) memory at the current society is a part of the political power. The cultural (collective) memory is an “installed memory” which is needed for the creation of the own image of society. It justifies and legitimates the existence of power structure. The power takes care of the mold of the societies collective memory. From this point of view we may not perceive the cultural memory just as an implement for differentiation and right to the political existence of some concrete community. Because it is about and of something else, namely it is about power which must be served from the collective memory. The power rules the cultural memory and the power takes a decision what concrete have to be remembered and whatnot it means what have to be forgotten. The ideology of power plays an essential role in this process. The cultural memory is an “installed” memory because the government decides what kind of fulcrums to be imposed into it with the purpose of this memory to work in service of the power structures. The cultural memory also creates a special psychology in its bearers and this affects their behavior and perception of the world.
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What is the contemporary Bulgarian interested in? What excites him, what bothers him, impresses him, who does he admire? Are there people, whose example he is following? The answers of all these questions probably depend on the age, occupation, hobbies, and even the gender of the people. The present text emphasizes on different groups of people, united by their interest towards famous people, and the attention is drawn towards the worldwide famous Lady Diana. The content of the text is based on informers with various social status, varying age, and gender. Their opin¬ions and comments for Diana Spencer are the result of personal impres¬sions and understandings, but also undoubtedly affected by the media coverage of her life and her relations with the Royal family through the years.
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Purpose of the Article. The purpose of the research is to study the thematization of the cultural practices in the paradigm of cultural studies in the context of the foreign and domestic scientific discourse. Methodology. The methodology of the research includes general scientific principles of systematization and generalization of research, which allow the author to determine and scientifically substantiate the existing theories, dealt with the understanding of the concept of «cultural practices». The purpose and tasks of the article determine the applying of the hermeneutic approach, which provides the understanding of various cultural phenomena and allows us to understand the specifics of the revision of these processes, cultural practices. The analytical method allows us to identify the conceptual foundations for further scientific perspectives. Scientific Novelty. The scientific novelties of the article are to study the represented research orientations in educational cultural practices in the discourse of Cultural Studies, to find out the role of various cultural practices in the applied researches and to analyze the perspectives of the researched subject in the scientific tradition of Applied Cultural Studies. Conclusions. The analysis of the thematization of the cultural practices within British cultural studies has allowed us to state that the paradigm of Cultural Studies is the interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary research field. It is represented by the opened system of the key terms, ideas, and orientations, which play an important role in the understanding of the complicated space of modern culture. In turn, it has allowed us to propose an author's definition of the concept of «cultural practices».
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Young people are society’s most mobile segment. For that reason the potential chance for migration among them is the exceptionally high. In that context, this article is researching the migration processes among young people in Bulgaria via analyzing the main factors which are determining internal and external migration.
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The article draws attention to some aspects of the political culture of the Bulgarian Turks. On one hand, there is a pronounced nostalgia for socialism associated with the individual security and economic stability. On the other hand, the positive assessment of European integration is understood as free access to Western European labor markets. How does the “economic” factor influence the political culture of this population at the beginning of the XXI century?
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The review of modern discourse strategies and narratives about collective intelligence in digital society is presented in the article. Optimistic and pessimistic forecasts of development of network society are considered. Such new social phenomena as «digital crowd», «professional amateurism», «precariatization», «post crowd-sourcing technologies» are discussed. It is shown that modern disputes revive both the liberal and critical discourse about mass society. «The wisdom of crowd» is defined as the special type of rationality which is implemented under certain conditions. In projects of the third millennium ideas of society of knowledge, creative economy, technological revolution, digital services, etc. are formed. Many researchers consider intelligentsia as drivers of these public processes. The purpose of the present article is the comparative analysis of modern discourse practices and narratives explaining the occurring innovations in social space of network society. Theoretical and methodological bases of work are implanted in classical heritage of domestic and western traditions of philosophical thought. The leading principles of a research are integrative and reflexive arrangements of social philosophy, cross-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary synthesis. Tools of conceptual modeling, a discourse analysis, and comparative methods are used. The conducted research leads to the following conclusions: — the futurological foreshortening of the analysis of discourse strategies and narratives on problems of formation of network society, wise crowd, collective intelligence has no uniform dominant. Social optimism competes with pessimistic forecasts; — metaphorical expression «the wisdom of crowds» appeared in a double polemic context: as denial of traditional ideas of irrational behavior of crowd, its madness, and as opposition to modern crowd phobias, critics of digital culture and mass society; — radical change of a foreshortening allocates weight with absolutely different characteristics. The crowd is reasonable and wise as it has «outstanding collective intelligence and is capable to produce decisions which are much more acute than conclusions of the cleverest participants».
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Sense of nationality continues to be extremely powerful, and in today's globalized world, is getting even stronger. At first glance, the most obvious sign of the nation's community are language and origin, but too many nations seem to have no common ancestry, or even using only one language. Moreover, the most violent clashes burst out between people, professing the same religion and belonging more or less to the same culture. What makes most people to anticipate their national affiliations as an integral element of his/her own "I", and to invent their own past to find "worthy" place for their community? What can cause an ethno-national community or at least its elite to deny their relationship with another nation and to claim themselves as belonging to a completely different community, deliberately ignoring the "uncomfortable" facts? The purpose of this book is to make a critical review of some deep-rooted cliches and generally accepted axioms. The Bulgarian, Balkan and Slavic national passions are considered in the context of ethnogenesis and the formation of European nations and the world.
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The crisis of identity is the underlying hallmark of the contemporary era. It is not confined to the question of the individual but also applies to a more politically serious problem. After the breakup of Yugoslavia and the interethnic and civil war, the newly established political entities were faced with ongoing and parallel processes of reverting to the form of collective identity as well as the formulating new facets of national and political identities. These aspects denote an intentionally conceived selfdetermination in the face of impending challenges. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the role of mass media in terms of identifycation and self-identification of people, social groups, political communities, and the promotion of political values and goals as well as the encouragement of behavioral patterns concerning mediated political initiateves
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The failure of realization or the 1848 revolutionary ideas caused ideological and political turbulence and polarizations in the Croatian intellectual circles. The written work by Ante Starčević, who had competed for professorship at the Royal Academy of Sciences in Zagreb, was but one of the indicators in movements of thoughts which transformed this zealous follower of the Illyric Movement into a rigid supporter of legitimism and the opponent of Revolution and "the people’s will".
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The Academy of Ukrainian Press since 2002, with the participation of scientists of the Institute of Sociology of the NAS of Ukraine, conducts research of prime time news (19:00-23:00) of the leading Ukrainian TV channels. Monitoring is carried out by content analysis, that is, a quantitative method of document study, characterized by rigor of the procedure and reliability of conclusions, and consists in quantitative processing of the text with subsequent interpretation of the results. The article looks at the main trends that were identified in the March 2019 Prime Time News Analysis: •Political news in Ukraine focuses on March programs. Only 1+1 is traditionally dominated by all other news about Ukraine. The intensity of attention to political news varies markedly. The main source of information is media‟s own correspondents. •Attention to the presidential election increased from 18% to 22% compared to February 2019 news. •Channels are heterogeneous in their focus on the 2019 election theme. Every third announcement on Ukraine on Inter, Ukraine, ICTV channels is electionrelated; each eleven on the 1st and twelve on the 5th. •In the news, 17 presidential candidates were mentioned out of 44 registered by the CEC (39%, in February 34%). The most frequently reported was the campaign of Yulia Tymoshenko, O. Vilkul, P. Poroshenko, and O. Lyashko. •The highest attention in the news to the candidate politicians P.Poroshenko, Y.Tymoshenko, O.Lyashko, O.Vilkul, Y.Boyko. •Only in a positive and neutral context was A. Gritsenko mentioned, and in the least ironic and negative about Y. Boyko and Y. Tymoshenko. The most frequently mentioned in the ironic and negative are Yuri Tymoshenko and E. Muraev. •P. Poroshenko, O. Vilkul, O. Lyashko, Y. Tymoshenko, and Y. Boyko had more time in the news. For two months in a row V. Zelensky has been in sync only in 1+1 news. Channels are markedly segmented by their political preferences, adhering strictly to their own election campaign strategies.
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This article studies the specific designation of morals under the conditions of a modern society. Due to the circumstances that morals are able to overcome differences between the social regulatory systems and to unite the perceptions of a regulatory framework, they have become a major contemporary metalegal regulator. Being a significant social regulator, morals also play a mediation role between law and other social regulatory systems. In this role of theirs, they make a substantial factor having an influence on building and changing legal prescriptions. Morals are also studied as a variable in the conditions of a dynamically developing society and changing conditions of living. Some models of behaviours, which were considered to be against moral only several decades ago, are nowadays regarded as completely normal.
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The author brings out some more significant characteristics of the National Liberation Movement (NLM) in Slavonski Brod in the period 1941-1945. The major organizer and the leader of the National Liberation Struggle (NLS) against the occupier and its Quislihgs was the organization of Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY), with the abundant revolutionary tradition and a solid stronghold among the working class and the young people.
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The ways of description and interpretation of such socially meaningful event as the World Football Championship 2014 are considered in this article. The author justifies the importance of choosing a sports topic and in particular football in the modern world, showing that first of all the sports discourse is a journalistic discourse. That is why the ways of the representation and description of sports events are the basic means for creating its concept. The author has chosen one day of the World Football Championship 2014 for the analysis to show that not the sports events, but the acts of violence accompanying them are becoming the basic subject matter of the description. In relation to this, the author suggests to speak about a special type of sports discourse: a discourse of sports aggression. Its main features are: special lexical stock phrases, inaccuracy in the supply of information, lack of logic in the description of events, and expressiveness of the means used to describe the acts of violence. The author comes to the conclusion that it is difficult to make the precise cognitive diagram of the sport event reading due to the additional information, as the reader’s attention in such messages is focused only on the description of the details, which are connected with the facts of aggression that occurred in the sport action. The modern sports appear as the catalyst of aggressive actions instead of initiating the peace.
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This paper seeks to formalize the structures of everyday discourse. The search for factors ensuring the unity and autonomy of everyday discourse is based on the assumption that the integrity of the discourse as such is guaranteed by the instance of discursive subject. The article deals with the common notion of collective subject/common subject popular in lingua-cultural approach in the Russian discourse analysis. The article on the material of the Russian National Corpus analysed the statements containing an identifier “common / ordinary man”, specified the values in this model, and reconstructed the paradigm of conceptual meanings significant to the speaker as the subject of ordinary discourse. Two aspects of the concept are considered: one model focuses on semantic structures of a subject positioned as a member of a community; another model is related to the subject projecting one in opposition to the other. The author of this article argues that the constitutive force of each discursive practice lies in its provision of subject positions. While the everyday discourse makes available to take up both positions for subjects, the discourse analysis reveals the synergistic nature of everyday communication.
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The country-wide uprisings of the winter and spring of 1920–1921 still lack a coherent explanation and require further reflection. This article reconstructs events of this period in one of the most “quiet” territories of Soviet Russia, the Arkhangelsk province, using political summaries and secret reports, as well as investigative files and later memoirs. It was understood, both locally and centrally, that peasants were eager to follow the “successful example” of mass resistance to the authorities. The aim of the state was not only to use punitive measures to prevent mass protests and to minimize the influence of “irritants”, but above all to disrupt the distribution of undesirable information. The use of a large number of informers recruited from various sections of society allowed competent authorities to have an overview of what was happening in the country and to respond promptly to any potential unrest. Secret information, including that received from foreign sources, forced local authorities to prepare in advance for possible events in the provincial center, and to make efforts to prevent possible peasant revolts in bordering territories in the north of Western Siberia and in the Velsk uyezd and Vologda province. The actions of local authorities were on the whole successful; unrest in the Arkhangelsk province was avoided. However, the sense of danger that persisted as a result of these events, despite the end of the Civil War, contributed to a social mistrust that lasted for many years.
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People live in “collective relationships of harm and vulnerability”. This social-theoretical concept focuses on the fact that people interact as vulnerable subjects and subjects capable of violence whose vulnerability, solidified in dispositions, may be considered the result of violence sustained and inflicted in historical constellations. Following an outline of psycho-analytical research results, the author presents the concept of transgenerational transmission of serious (traumatic) injuries and emphasizes the importance of enactments as a special form of unconscious actional retrospection in social situations. It is argued and illustrated that these and other traces of collective violence – even those dating back to the early centuries – are eminently manifest in modern immigration societies (e. g. in interactions with political refugees). From a normative perspective, the author advocates a heightened sensibility towards harm that presupposes a differentiated concept of violence that also includes symbolical and psychological forms. After giving a short explanation of two modes of symbolical and psychological injury that are important in migration societies – “dyspresentation” and certain forms of omission, namely silence –, the author finally discusses the ‘danger’ of promoting a dubious “tribunalization” of psycho-social realities through an increasing (scientific) sensitization for relationships of harm and vulnerability.
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This study is provoked by one of the most significant cases of abuses over the last two decades in Bulgaria - the bankruptcy of CCB (Corporate Commercial Bank), the fourth largest bank in the country. After the 1996-1997 crisis, when one third of the banks went bankrupt, the country's banking sector collapsed. This is the second case in which huge financial resources "evaporated" and the negative consequences affected a wide range of public institutions and private subjects. The emergence of periodically recurring financial crises, with multiple impacts on public, economic and political life, motivates Transparency International Bulgaria to look for a systematic response to the problem and look beyond the specific case. The present book is based on the analytical approach of the international anti-corruption organization Transparency International "National Integrity System" which assesses clearly defined criteria, the capacity, functioning and management of sectors and institutions with key importance in counteracting corruption. The study is based on an analysis of the legislation and practical actions of the investigated institutions, a wide range of documentary sources, reports, assessments, media publications, and interviews with experts and public figures that have had direct observations and touch with the CCB case. It reflects an attempt to formulate an impartial, objective assessment of the functioning of the banking supervisory system in the 2009-2014 periods but also pursues another objective - to serve as a starting point for policies and strategic actions to give an adequate systemic response to established deficits. Viewed through this prism, this publication expresses the ambition of the Transparency International Bulgaria to not only prevent future crises of this nature, but also to contribute to the institutional strengthening of the system of supervisory institutions in Bulgaria.
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This paper analyses so-called points of intersection and short-circuits between homo hygienicus and homo hapticus. The global virus Covid 19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented hygienist obsession and a panic fear of physical proximity and contact. It has made clearly visible some longue-durée trends in European cultural history which I would summarize namely as a constant advancing of homo hygienicus at the expense of a steady declining of homo hapticus. Against this backdrop, I venture the hope of forming an ecological homo hapticus whose quintessence could be defined as follows: a touch that actively refrains from itself.
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