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“THE PURE TEACHINGS OF JESUS”: ON THE CHRISTIAN LANGUAGE OF WILHELM WEITLING’S COMMUNISM

Author(s): Anton Jansson / Language(s): English Issue: 29/2018

The relation between communism and religion is a complex and contested question. In this article I will engage with this question concerning one specific thinker, namely Wilhelm Weitling (1808-1871). Weitling researchers have interpreted religion differently and have seen it as everything from the foundation of all his thought, to a negligible addition to a basically secular theory. In this article I argue that Weitling’s work needs to be understood as expressing a Christian political language, in the sense suggested by the intellectual historian J. G. A. Pocock. Departing from this, this article seeks to unpack the Christian political language of Wilhelm Weitling and to sort out how it is expressed in his three main works.

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“The way up is the way down”: Curzio Malaparte’s “Il Cristo Proibito” and Krzysztof Kieślowski’s “Three Colours: Red”

Author(s): Paul Coates / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2018

The statement ‘the way up is the way down’ may imply that the spiritual way to perfection lies through humility. It may however also apply to the physical world that is the source of such spiritual metaphors, and within which the actions play out of fictional characters who themselves serve as metaphors for real ones. I will argue that both meanings apply to both of these films, with a comparison between the two films enabling one to employ Malaparte’s explicit prohibition of a Christ-like position to make apparent a similar prohibition that is only implicit in Kieślowski’s film. Such physical movements provide an appropriate topography for the concern with judgment, knowledge, revenge, isolation and humiliation embodied in the male protagonists of the two films. In each case, the protagonists’ eventual divestment from programmes of judgment and revenge may be related to the prohibition Malaparte formulates explicitly: that upon human re-enactment of the Christ-like position that is the one of judgment.

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“Unmapping” The Ural Playscapes: An Analysis Of Playgrounds And Child Play Under The Post-soviet Urban Transition Of Yekaterinburg, Russia

Author(s): Aireen Grace Andal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

This study examines playgrounds as lenses on urban transitions to explain the link between urban transformations and changes in the discourse of play and childhood. Specifically, it compares Soviet public playgrounds and post-Soviet privatized playscapes in the city of Yekaterinburg, Russia, through primary observation and secondary data analysis. Using the framework of social reproduction developed by Cindy Katz and Saskia Sassen to explain how the local forces affect cities, my analysis shows that the shift in the discourse of play and childhood in the post-Soviet period is hinged on global influences combined with local transformations, from the abandonment of Soviet ideals of communal play spaces to the embracement of today’s consumerist play places. Whereas the old Soviet playgrounds have uncertain purposes, in contemporary Yekaterinburg private playgrounds offer a narrative of play in terms of leisure, love, and convenience for parents. Children turn into consumers of private play, leaving most of the Soviet playgrounds as idle spaces in the city. This article argues that Yekaterinburg’s shift toward participating in the globalized economy combined with its transition from the Soviet ideals maintains social relations and reproduces social inequalities in childhood, as this condition favors consumerist narratives of play. I conclude that the playgrounds in Yekaterinburg are bystanders of new global ecologies whereby social, political, and economic transformations become an impetus to reproduce new ways of seeing the social importance and meaning of play and playgrounds.

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“Who Would Be a Prophet”: Prophetic Aspects of Czesław Miłosz’s Poetry

Author(s): Anna Szczepan-Wojnarska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This paper examines prophetic aspects and perspectives of poetry written by Czesław Miłosz – Polish poet of 20th century, a Nobel Prize winner. Although the poet denies readiness to become a religious figure, he serves as a prophet when he overcomes the inexpressibility of the indefinable features of religious experience. The paper presents an analysis of selected poems questioning the role of a poet and a poem in the light of the dynamic relation between the prophet and prophecy. Miłosz refuses to be God’s spokesmen but the historical context he lives in overshadows his poems and forces them to play a significant role in a broad context.

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“ЗАПАДНИ БАЛКАН” – ПОЛИТИЧКИ КОНТЕКСТ И МЕДИЈСКА УПОТРЕБА

Author(s): Predrag Svilar / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2010

By accessing the content analysis of media archives, available both on the Internet presentations of the most significant and most influential media, press agencies, web search engines, and official public institutions, international government and non-government organizations, we will make an attempt to point to political conditioning, appearances and uses, as well as political etymology of the term Western Balkans. The attention will also be called to the fact that the term has its origin in Anglo-Saxon political and historiographical tradition, through the examples of its use, as well as to the similarities of political relations which bring to its applicability. By analyzing the content of media inscriptions, reports, documents, official announcements, authorial reviews and analyses, it came to a conclusion that Western Balkans occurs as a regional reference in particular historical and political circumstances and that geographical frames it is being used within, could be located outside the time frames and there are specified the particularities of its use.

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”СТРАТЕГИЈА” ЛАЖНОГ МИРА У КУЋИ (ЕКОНОМСКИ ОДНОСИ ИЗМЕЂУ РЕГИОНА У КРАЉЕВИНИ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈИ)

Author(s): Slobodan Vuković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2005

Topic of the article are economic relations between regions in Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the first period of forming the united state. Research results, contrary to the common views in mostly propagand articles reveal that north-western regions of the country developed on the count of south –east part of the country. These parts gain this advantage in the first five years when serbia n political elite was busy with making of new united state and with harmonization of political and economic relations among its heterogen parts. Advancement of north-.west regions was assured through change of valute due to conjucture. Because of this Slovenia and Croatia gained in the first five years 3/5 of summ investments in the whole industry. At the same time central government passed high customs for industrial products paralel with export customs for agricultural products making thus price scissors favourable for transfer of income from agriculture to the industry of more developed regions.

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„Czemu Cię nie ma na odległość ręki”. Listy – zdarzenia literackie Adama Ziemianina

Author(s): Dorota Wojda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2018

The article deals with Adam Ziemianin’s epistolary poetry (bringing both the subject of letters and imitating their formal qualities), which is discussed as a collection of literary events. Such an interpretation draws attention to the performativity of this writing, that is, its causative function, which results in the actualization of the text through the reader’s personal experience. Therefore, the interpretation here takes into account not only Ziemianin’s poems, but also their popularity as songs performed by the group Stare Dobre Małżeństwo. The most important conclusion presented in this paper focuses on the paradoxes of epistolary poetry: the evocation of both presence and absence, synchrony and asynchrony, combining private with public, as well as merging the literary dimension with real existence. Most of these paradoxes are motivated by the desire to rescue love and overcome death, as indicated by the symbolism of the letter and the well – serving as life-giving mediators.

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„Człowiek w mocy Ducha Świętego”. Teologiczne założenia pneumatologicznej antropologii Nikosa Angelosa Nissiotisa

Author(s): Zygfryd Glaeser / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2018

The presented study is a presentation of the basic assumptions of the pneumatological anthropology of one of the most outstanding Greek Orthodox theologians of the XX century, Nikos Angelos Nissiotis. His anthropology is christologically and pneumatologically oriented. Nissiotis proposes that the paradigm of interpreting the science of the creation of man should make the mystery of the incarnation. He is convinced, that looking at the activities of the Trinity through an incarnation prism, the problem of the beginning, being and destiny of man acquires a truly christocentric character. At the same time, he emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit in realizing the saving mission of Christ. He points out that the highest goal of man’s transformation is to be with Christ. Deification in its essence is a process of christification, which means being with Christ and being carried by the Holy Spirit. He emphasizes, that man must be defined in relation to his fulfilment which he achieves in Christ and in relation to the Holy Spirit.

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„Dobra śmierć” na tle regulacji prawnych w Polsce

Author(s): Anna Ewa Chodorowska,Joanna Grabowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2018

The “right to life” of every human being, understood as independent of the will of the legislator, natural law, does not find in the current legal system a contrario, the “right to die”. In Polish law, not all forms of euthanasia are punishable. First of all, euthanasia is forbidden, i.e. killing a second person under the influence of compassion caused by a severe and incurable disease and related suffering, after the thought of art. 150 of the Act of 6 June 1997, the Penal Code. This is a privileged type of murder, i.e. threatened by a more lenient criminal sanction than an ‘ordinary’ murder. For the murder of euthanasia from 3 months to 5 years of imprisonment, however, there is the possibility of extraordinary mitigation of punishment, and even waiving its imposition.

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„Dziecko przysposobione”: prawna ochrona więzi rodzinnej rodzica z dzieckiem na przykładzie wybranych orzeczeń Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka

Author(s): Olga Łachacz,Oksana Cabaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2018

Maintaining parental ties in situations when the biological family has been disintegrated or disconnected, or when the child has been placed in temporary foster care or has been adopted, sometimes is an issue of great importance for the proper development of the child. The thesis talks about the legal protection of the child’s relationship with parents under the European Convention of Human Rights in a situation when the relevant authorities have permitted an adoption of the child.

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„ISTORIJA 20. VEKA” 1983-1992 - ANALIZA SADRŽAJA

Author(s): Svetlana Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2000

The journal "History of the 20th Century" has been published since 1983, containing the works of many Yugoslav and foreign historians, authors and thinkers from other fields of science. The journal presents original works of science, but also other forms of professional writings. The central subject matter the journal deals with is Yugoslav history from 1918 to the 90-ties. A few of the essays published have referred to general history and international relations. The works published from 1983 to 1992 primarily deal with the period from 1918 to 1953. In the first years of publication the journal mostly referred to themes regarding the Communist Party of Yugoslavia and its operation between the two world wars. Later this topic gave way to works dealing with the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. Works concerning World War Two are presented in every edition, particularly those dealing with the various aspects of the War of National Liberation and the revolution. Where topics concerning the period immediately following World War Two are concerned, most essays deal with the socialist period of Yugoslavia, especially the first ten years. The majority of the essays deal with political, diplomatic, and military history. A number of important historical subjects were never treated in the "History of the 20th Century", while others were first mentioned only seven or eight years after the beginning of the journal's publication. Ever since its first edition was published the "History of the 20th Century" has attracted the attention of the professional public, provoking interest, reactions, and discussion.

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„KŁIR” I OBRAZ SŁABY W FILMIE HAIR MARKA PIWOWSKIEGO

Author(s): Justyna Jaworska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 32/2019

The text is an analysis of Marek Piwowski‟s documentary film Hair (1971). Full of comical failures, the report from an international hairdressing contest has become a pretext for the director to expose disrupted communication between the authorities and society. The ironic tone and the use of the “week image” allowed him to queer sabotage of the official message. The author uses a polonised term “kłir” to distinguish the style of Piwowski from the camp aesthetics and to fix the document not only in the paradigm of “art of failure”, but also in the social context of PRL.

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„Maria Magdalena powiedziała do niego po hebrajsku: «rabbuni»” (J 20,16). „Rabbuni” i inne aramejskie określenia odnoszące się do Boga/Chrystusa w greckim tekście Nowego Testamentu

Author(s): Piotr Ostański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Everyone who studies the New Testament Bible must take into account its Aramaic background that results from several factors: – the Aramaic language was very popular in Roman Palestine during the first century A.D.; – the Aramaic was Jesus’ mother tongue; – Jesus’ teaching was being recorded in Aramaic and then it circulated among the people; – the oldest Church consisted of Aramaic speaking communities.

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„No bo tym się żyło”. Podział gminy Dobrzeń Wielki w narracjach jej mieszkańców

Author(s): Monika Baer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2018

In this paper I analyze the dynamics of narratives related to a planned takeover of a couple of villages of the Dobrzeń Wielki commune together with the Opole Power Station by the city of Opole (PL). In this context I focus on politics and ethics of emotions, feelings and affects which marked the discursive space and brought varied types of affective togetherness in the field of “political.” Because discursive practices of commune’s inhabitants were shaped by anticipations of uncertain future, they evoked the “ethics of probability” and the “ethics of possibility.” While the former embodied fears connected to the planned division, the latter expressed hope for “good life.” They both inspired various forms of social protest. However, because concepts of “good life” usually relate to discernable ends and strategies, changing circumstances result in different politics and ethics of emotions, feelings and affects.

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„Przesłuchanie przy użyciu wariografu” – prowokacja czy dowód ignorancji

Author(s): Magdalena Kasprzak,Jerzy Kasprzak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 40/2018

In spite of long history and widespread use, polygraphy is one of the most misunderstood and most controversial techniques in the forensic science. In this article, a brief of polish low of this field is provided with respect to polygraph instrumentation and testing procedure.

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„Rózga i karcenie udziela mądrości…”. O społecznym micie przydatności bicia w wychowaniu

Author(s): Ewa Jarosz,Cezary Kurkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (33)/2016

The paper presents the problem of violence in upbringing from a historical and contemporary perspective. The reflection is focused on the situation in Poland – both in the past and today. A lot of historical resources indicate that violence in upbringing was a common reality for children in Poland from the Middle Ages and during the following centuries. Today in Poland violence in upbringing is banned in our law and although violent behaviors towards children are less popular and not as severe as in the past, still as a way of disciplining child violence is in some forms socially accepted. The paper presents the results of the survey carried out in 2015 which is part of the monitoring which has been conducted by the Ombudsman for Children since 2011.

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„Sollten unsere Vorfahren Menschen gewesen sein wie diese?“ Versuch einer postkolonialen Lektüre von Eberhard Hilschers Darwin-Erzählung

Author(s): Nina Nowara-Matusik / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2019

The following paper presents a postcolonial reading (combined with the ideology-critical approach) of the little-known story about Darwin by the East German writer Eberhard Hilscher. The analysis focuses on the perception of the foreign and the own by the figures of the story and it also refers to the overlapping of the terms race and class. The considerations lead to the conclusion that in the story the foreign is constructed preferably with the help of the opposition culture (the own) and nature (the foreign), and that hierarchical and dichotomous thinking characterizes also Darwin, even if in his case one can see certain ambivalences.

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„TAUTŲ SUSILIEJIMAS“: LIETUVOS TOTORIŲ VAIKŲ TAPATYBIŲ DAUGIALYPIŠKUMAS MIŠRIOSE ŠEIMOSE, 1940–1990

Author(s): Inga Zemblienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 97/2018

The goal of the article is to determine how Tatar children who come from mixed families identify themselves. In this respect attention is paid to the characteristics of national politics of Soviet Union and the assimilation of Tatars in Soviet Lithuania. The article explores national politics of Soviet Union, ethnically mixed marriages in Soviet Lithuania, Tatars in Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and identity (identities) of descendants of mixed Tatar families. The analytic, interpretational and historical comparative methods are employed to research the ethnographic materials. Field research was conducted in 2014–2015 and 2017–2018 in Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Panevezys and Alytus districts. 75 respondents participated in the survey, however, only 41 respondents provided knowledge about the Soviet times. The chronological boundaries of the article cover the years 1940 – 1941 when Lithuania after it had lost its statehood became part of the Soviet Union, then the years 1944–1990 and the first years after Lithuania had restored its independence (till 1995).

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„Te małe Ukraińce”. O traumie wysiedlenia, stygmatyzacji i jej konsekwencjach w relacjach potomków Ukraińców wysiedlonych w ramach akcji „Wisła”

Author(s): Olga Solarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

The presented excerpt of the study is an outline of the problem of trauma of Ukrainians displaced as part of the Operation Vistula in 1947 and effect it had on the next generations (children and grandchildren). The stigmatization and repressive actions that affected this community both from the state apparatus and local communities have taken their toll and forced them to adopt a range of protective measures. One of them was assimilation, another mimicry. Ukrainians who wanted to preserve their own national, religious and cultural identity often chose the “way of success”. They dealt with sense of inferiority, sense of threat, injustice and regret with the need to achieve higher social positions and wealth that gave comfort in an uncertain times. Education, wealth, and social position were meant to help overcome fear, strengthen self-esteem and let them feel equal to Poles. In families who chose the silence strategy, the way to achieve safety was to forget.

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„Trudne” wiersze. Wokół lingwistycznej poezji kobiet

Author(s): Joanna Grądziel-Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2018

The article addresses the problem of absence of women’s poetry in the linguistic current of 20th-century Polish poetry. It analyses its causes, amongst which the pivotal role is played by the stereotypical vision of women’s poetry, deeply ingrained in general awareness. The vision in question does not admit “difficult” forms and thus places women’s poetic work outside the avant-garde tendencies, linguistic experiment and metareflection. The authoress calls for inclusion of the omitted or forgotten poetesses who play with language in their poems and she articulates the need to redefine our understanding of linguistic poetry.

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