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Скица на един принос към изработването на методология за изследване на техниките на биополитическо управление в социалистическите режими и общества

Author(s): Momchil Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/2/2015

This paper discusses the possibility of applying Foucauldian analytical tools in the study of socialist political regimes and societies. The main argument is that Foucauldian analytics of micro-power relations goes beyond both the totalitarian and revisionist paradigms which focus exclusively on repressive and ideological state apparatuses and see resistance to the regimes as exterior to them. By so doing, both paradigms remain caught in the so-called “repressive hypothesis” accentuating the negative character of power exercised in socialist regimes. Foucault, on the other hand, could give us a more contextualized and complex description of how power relations (and biopolitical techniques in particular) operate positively in concrete historical situations, producing knowledge and truth (not “false consciousness”), groups, individuals, and subjects that function in a constantly unstable (and thus historically changing) conjuncture of forces.

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Experience of research of social classes in Latvia

Author(s): Vladimir Menshikov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

The aim of the paper is to consider the situation with the social class stratification in Latvia. The focus is on the middle social class, due to the significance of this class both for the economic growth and the achievement of the sustainable, long-term development of the country. The subject of sociological research is the formation of class stratification in the region (estimated on the basis of cluster analysis), the main characteristics of the selected clusters based on the analysis of the volumes and structure of total resources and aggregate capital. In the conclusion of the article, the controversial issues of classes in modern societies are analyzed.

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Žinojimo sociologijos tyrimo projektas kaip sociologijos didaktikos eksperimentas

Author(s): Arūnas Poviliūnas,Antanas Voznikaitis,Indrė Bielevičiūtė,Sandra Navickaitė,Paulė Stulginskaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 02/2015

The article in the framework of teaching research describes the didactic dimension of the project of the sociology of scientific knowledge. Based on sociological investigation of the academic field, it attempts to conceptualize the formation of the habitus of the sociological research. The identification of the sociological habitus is treated as epistemological break, which is followed by epistemological vigilance. The analysis of the chemist academic community reveals not only the unique but also invariant aspects academic field that also shape the field of sociology. The recognition of the specific and isomorphic structure of academic field is considered as entrenchment of the sociological habitus.

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Социологическая экспедиция как исследовательская практика и форма обучения полевой работе

Author(s): Ivan Chupin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The concept of the “sociological expedition” implies various forms of collaborative empirical research, for which ethnographic fieldwork serves as the fundamental model. While this form of training students (“education through research”) is still relatively rare in Russia, in recent years its visibility has grown and its organizers have become more experienced. We were interested in finding out how, in each particular case, the idea of organizing such training retreats for students developed. What are the peculiarities and practical difficulties involved in conducting this kind of research and training? Finally, what role in the educational process should such research expeditions play? Participants in the discussion below note the importance of collaborative field research to students’ professional socialization and reflect about their own experiences of such trips, expressing regret that academic institutions still do not sufficiently support the practice.

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Contemporary Practices of Musharakah in Financial Transactions

Author(s): Aishath Muneeza,Fikry Musthafa,Andi Lukman Hakim,Asas Worasutr,Mohamad Firdaus,Muhammad Farhan,Mudeer Ahmed Khattak,Takao Moriguchi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Musharakah, which is translated as “joint venture or partnership” or “profit and loss sharing contract” is regarded as an ideal financing contract in Islamic finance. Musharakah has been applied to Islamic banking and Islamic capital market across the world and it is also proposed as one of alternative model in takaful business. Musharakah contract is also combined with other contracts and interesting products such as Musharakah Mutanaqisa has been developed. However, there are considerations concerning the principles of Shariah. This paper aims to discuss these matters and offer recommendations in order for Musharakah to be more widely accepted and adopted by the Muslim communities across the world. It is anticipated further research can be conducted to find out the implication of applying AAOIFI resolution on Musharakah or equity based products to find out the effect of it on different jurisdictions with different domestic laws and rules.

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Strategy Visualization, Cognitive Frames, and Strategy Renewal in SMEs

Author(s): Marco Vedovato / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

This paper provides experimental evidence that visual representation of strategy and related concepts increases the probability of updating the cognitive frames of small entrepreneurs. An original strategy mapping technique and Osterwalder and Pigneur’s (2010) business model canvas were used to help 42 small entrepreneurs to critically review their current strategies and choices. A questionnaire about perceptions of the external environment and internal structure was submitted to the participants before and after the experiment. The same questionnaire was submitted twice to a matched control group of 50 SME entrepreneurs who were not involved in any activity. The results show that involvement in the visualization experiment significantly increased the probability of the participant changing perceptions on strategic issues, with a stronger impact for strategy mapping. The results are interpreted as indicative of a positive contribution of visual representation in strategy renewal.

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Defining the Social Enterprise: A Tangled Web

Author(s): Katherine Isabel Rostron / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

This paper aims to inform those reviewing the literature defining the social enterprise. The researcher made observations as part of a wider review of the Social Enterprise literature. The review was undertaken by searching with a range of key words, targeting relevant journals to identify relevant papers and used citations and references to search for further relevant material. The discussion has a UK perspective and consults but does not comprehensively incorporate the international literature. The findings include the discovery that while a definition may remain elusive the process of searching provides opportunities to deepen understanding of the topic. The author recommends further research to explore the perspectives of users, employees and managers of social enterprises to add to the discussion that already exists amongst the academics and policy makers.

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Gender Diversity: To be managed or not?

Author(s): Manuel Brugger / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The purpose of this paper is to examine women’s perceptions of the manufacturing industry in the UK. More specifically, the research analyses factors influencing women’s decision on pursuing a career in the manufacturing industry at a Multinational Company. The findings indicate that the factors impacting women to pursuing a career in manufacturing are underlined by a complex interrelated system and depend on both societal and organisational patterns of behaviours, values and norms. Insights of this are particularly useful for managers and organisations operating in the manufacturing industry. The study suggests underlying reasons and implications that can be implemented. This study is based on a convenience sample and cannot be treated as a representative for the entire UK manufacturing industry.

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Ethical Considerations on the Integration of Technology in Social Work Practice for Enhancing Resilience and Promoting Transformative Action

Author(s): Mihaela Tomiță,Diana Biriș,Claudia Feher / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Technology integration in social work practice has become increasingly prevalent, offering new avenues to enhance resilience and promote transformative action. However, careful consideration of ethical implications is crucial to ensure that the benefits of technology are maximized while minimizing potential risks and inequities. Social workers must actively engage in developing ethical frameworks and guidelines that balance the transformative potential of technology with the protection of individual rights, privacy, and social justice. Our paper provides an overview of ethical implications associated with using technology in social work practice. Drawing upon a systematic review of relevant literature published between 2019 and 2023, our study highlights key ethical considerations, identifying potential challenges. Three major ethical themes arose: client privacy and confidentiality, professional boundaries, and equitable access to technology. Regarding client privacy and confidentiality, safeguarding sensitive client information and ensuring secure data transmission are crucial concerns. Ethical guidelines and standards should be updated and social workers should possess the necessary knowledge and skills to implement appropriate privacy and security measures. Professional boundaries are another critical ethical consideration when incorporating technology in social work. Online platforms, social media, and virtual communities blur the boundaries between personal and professional lives, demanding heightened vigilance to maintain objectivity, professionalism, and appropriate relationships with clients. Clear ethical guidance should be provided on the use of social media, online self-disclosure, and dual relationships to prevent potential harm to clients and protect professional integrity. Equitable access to technology is an ethical issue of social justice. Disparities in access to technology must be considered by social workers, requiring proactive efforts in order to bridge the digital divide and prevent further marginalization. To address these challenges, continuous professional development and ethical supervision should equip social workers with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate the complexities of technology integration while upholding ethical standards.

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Descriptive Overview and Social Work Perspectives on NEET People

Author(s): Remus Runcan,Marius Marici,Dana Rad / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The concept of NEETs, originated in the late 1990s, has garnered substantial focus over the past decade. This study endeavours to elucidate various facets of NEET, exploring the interrelation between youth mental ill-health, substance use, and NEET status. It examines the progression of NEET rates within the European Union and its member states from 2012 to 2022 and investigates the correlation between NEETs and numerous variables such as age, educational attainment, gender/ sex, place of residence (level of urbanization), and associated risk factors. It further delves into the barriers maintaining NEET status and examines the subgroups within NEETs, along with their interaction with employment, education, and training systems. A detailed analysis of the interplay between NEETs and social work is presented, with the paper concluding with a set of informed recommendations.

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Wealth disparities between elderly immigrants and natives: a study of Estonia and Latvia

Author(s): Liina Rebane,Merike Kukk,Tairi Rõõm / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This study investigates wealth disparities between native and immigrant populations in Estonia and Latvia, focusing on individuals aged 60 years or older as the vast majority of immigrants in the Baltic region fall within this age group. We estimate the wealth differences between natives and immigrants across the wealth distribution and decompose the raw gap into its explained and unexplained parts. Our estimations show that the gaps in mean net wealth are of similar magnitude in Estonia and Latvia among the people aged 60 or older, with natives being on average about 40% wealthier than immigrants in both countries. Wealth disparities widen at the upper tail of the net wealth distribution. Although the factors contributing to the wealth gap are largely similar in both countries, some differences emerge. In Estonia, self-employment business assets and inheritances play a significant role, whereas in Latvia, additional real estate ownership contributes to the disparity

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Developing a Speed-Based Congestion Severity Index Using the Clustering Technique for Developing Countries

Author(s): Malaya Mohanty,Satya Ranjan Samal,Kundan Samal / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2025

A novel approach for traffic congestion assessment has been presented using percentile speeds as key indicators, focusing on urban roads. By evaluating the 98th, 85th, and 15th percentile speeds, authors of the research developed a congestion severity index, offering a more precise and intuitive method for analyzing traffic flow compared to traditional travel time-based indices. Key congestion indices, such as the Planning Time Index (PTI) and Travel Time Index (TTI) were compared to percentile speeds, revealing a significant association with the 15th and 85th percentile speeds. The K-means clustering technique was applied to classify congestion severity into three levels, validated by a high silhouette value indicating the robust clustering. The study's speed-based congestion severity index provides a practical and efficient framework for real-time congestion management, particularly in heterogeneous traffic environments.

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Critical Aspects of the Sustainability of Care for the Senior Population in Slovakia

Author(s): Monika Orlíková,Jana Levická,Zuzana Drakova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

One of the biggest challenges of today's global world is the aging of the population. From the information published by the WHO, we can expect that the proportion of the world's population aged 60 will almost double by 2050 and will constitute almost 22% of the world's population. For the age category 80+, the WHO forecasts up to a three-fold increase, which would bring this age category 426 million new individuals. Accordingly, it is necessary to reflect the fact that these are persons who need increased health and social care. Another fact that needs to be taken into account when trying to ensure the necessary care for the senior population is the continuing decline of the so-called productive part of the population in the economically developed countries of the world. Individual states perceive the trend of population aging as a socio-economic and political problem. At the same time, care for the senior population needs to be understood systemically, i.e. not only from the perspective of the needs of the seniors, but also of their family members or professionals providing services for seniors, and above all, the availability of financial resources to cover this care. The aim of the contribution is to present the most serious risks in the field of sustainability of care for seniors. The contribution was processed using the thematic analysis of secondary data contained in government documents of the Slovak Republic focused on the care of seniors.

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Povezanost između slobodne volje i predrasuda: medijacijska uloga bespredrasudne motivacije

Author(s): Neira Jažić,Nina Hadžiahmetović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2023

In previous studies the belief in free will has been negatively correlated with outgroup prejudice. Also, as a form of behavioral self-control, the motivation to respond without prejudice, which can be external (avoiding public scrutiny) and internal (self-regulatory maintenance), has also been correlated with less prejudice expression. Based on previous research, free will positively correlated with behavioral self-regulation, and in turn self-regulatory processes negatively correlated with prejudice expression. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the relation between free will and prejudices may be explained by the motivation to respond without prejudice. Free will was expected to negatively correlate with prejudice through increased internal and decreased external motivation. The sample comprised 136 students. The Free Will and Determinism Scale, Internal Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale, External Motivation to Respond without Prejudice Scale, and Social Distance towards Roma Scale were administered having acceptable Cronbach’s alpha reliability range .57 - .86. Testing the mediation model requirements indicated that free will (IV) positively correlated with internal motivation (MV) a=.29, CI[-.0044,.5751], p= .054, and negatively correlated with social distance (DV) c=-.45, CI[-.7291,-.1790], and internal motivation also negatively correlated with social distance b=-.48, CI[-.6710,-.2980]. As external motivation was not preliminarily correlated either with free will, or social distance, it was excluded from further analysis. The results revealed a marginally significant mediational effect of internal motivation ab=-.13, CI[-.3407, .0095], which reduced, but not eliminated a direct effect between free will and social distance that still remained significant, indicating a partial mediation. In line with expecations, the findings confirmed the association of free will and prejudices, indicating that this relation might presumably be explained through self-regulatory processes (i.e., internal motivation to respond without prejudice). To further test this model, the obtained results should be replicated on a larger sample directly inducing free will.

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Validacija skale stavova prema kolektivno motiviranom nasilju – preliminarna studija

Author(s): Mersiha Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 7/2023

violence still remains problematic and debated, as a consequence of unclear conceptualization of the concept itself, as well as its overlap with other constructs. Most interdisciplinary conceptualizations differentiate between two not necessarily associated aspects of it, which are acceptance of an ideological frame that justifies violence, and the intention of violent action. Considering the importance of knowledge application in this field, it is especially important to develop empirically validated instruments of radicalization into violence, that would manage to capture the versatility of this phenomenon considering its variations depending on ideological, political, and societal context. Current operationalizations mostly refer to a specific context, a group, and a clearly defined ideology, while rarely acknowledging the general approval of violent action stemming from attachment to a specific collectivity. This article suggests a theoretical and conceptual step toward a more general approach to radicalization into violence, based on theoretical underpinnings regarding collective identity and individual readiness for violent action, which surpasses the aforementioned dilemmas. Additionally, as a consequence of theoretical unequivocalities, there is a lack of validated measurements adapted for the Bosnian language area. Therefore, this study presents a newly created instrument, Collectively Motivated Violence Attitudes Scale, and its preliminary empirical validation on a sample of 735 participants from Bosnia and Herzegovina, aged 16-21 (M=18.72, SD=1.54). The instrument is constituted of eight questions on a 7-point Likert scale. Psychometrical parameters indicate good internal consistency (Cronbach Alpha .88), satisfying discriminative validity with a full range of responses, and adequate item-total correlations. EFA shows two distinct dimensions interpreted as: justification of collectively motivated violence and individual readiness for collectively motivated violence. These two factors explain 68.21% variance in responses.

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Model uspješnog uključivanja korisnika usluga u mentalnom zdravlju i njihovih porodica u proces oporavka: Preliminarni rezultati studije IMPULSE

Author(s): Remzija Šetić,Tihana Majstorović,Mina Aleksić,Mirjana Zebić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/2020

The IMPULSE study, led by Queen Mary University of London, offers a unique opportunity to radically improve care for people with psychotic disorders in lowand middle-income countries in Southeast Europe. One of the goals of the study is to include mental health service users and their families in the recovery process. Involvement is based on (a) forming of advisory bodies of users and families that monitor and direct the steps in the project, and (b) the development of a model of user led associations, in which professionals and users of mental health services manage the association and develop it together. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Menssana Association is included in the study as a model for user - led association, and the study is also being conducted in Serbia, Montenegro, Northern Macedonia and Kosovo. The aim of this paper is to present the preliminary results of the IMPULSE study on the analysis of the characteristics of user-led associations, internal organization, capacity, challenges and the role of users in the association. In addition to what was stated, we aim to compare the previously mentioned characteristics of associations of health service users that are not primarily related to mental health problems. This goal is set in order to better understand the challenges that associations face and the perspectives for their future development. The results confirmed the correctness of the basic idea that people living with problem health are the best source of information and the best advocates of their rights in society, and with adequate help from professionals and volunteers, adequate and long-lasting activities of the association are ensured. We have gained significant insight into the functioning of user associations in the region. We determined the best model of action for the user-led association.

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Globoka avtomatizacija neenakosti kot samozadosten in samouresničujoč proces: primer binarizma in seksizma

Author(s): Tadej Praprotnik / Language(s): Slovenian Issue: 107/2024

Datafication is simultaneously becoming a means and a goal of modern marketdriven uses of technologies. The optimisation of the “consumer experience” shapes a data-driven consumer subject, which does not encompass all practices and identities. The article aims to problematise datafication, which overlooks complex “citizen experiences” that also include gender and sexual identity. At thesame time, former and existing gender inequalities remain fundamental learning data, based on which algorithms and artificial intelligence generate models of future sociality. We encounter at least three interconnected types of inequality (on the levels of culture, data and technologies) that can create a self-sustaining and self-learning process that reproduces future inequalities.

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Voda ako téma etnológie a sociokultúrnej antropológie

Author(s): Juraj Janto / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

Water, as an essential element for life and for production, permeates all areas of human existence. Yet (or perhaps precisely because of this) it has never been an independent and central topic of more extensive ethnological analysis, and the same was true until recently for research in socio-cultural anthropology. It was, however, always present in the background, implicitly, as a context for other dominantly studied practices and cultural phenomena. The study deals with the topic of water in the research of Slovak ethnology and foreign socio-cultural anthropology. It looks at the themes, problem areas as well as the concepts and contemporary issues addressed in scientific research in relation to water.

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Etnológ a múzeum – medzinárodná vedecká konferencia v Trnave

Author(s): Martina Bocánová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

In September 2023, Trnava hosted the XXVI. annual conference "Ethnologist and Museum," focusing on markets and fairs. Organized by the Slovak Ethnographic Society, the Ethnological Commission of the Union of Museums in Slovakia, the Trnava Self-Governing Region, and the Western Slovak Museum, the event showcased research on historical markets and fairs. The conference featured international contributions, including collaborations with Ukrainian institutions. Presentations covered diverse topics such as the economic aspects of Carpathian hero memorials, the complementarity of market networks in 19th-century Slovakia, and the cultural significance of fairs in various regions. The event also included excursions to local cultural landmarks, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and networking among participants.

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Správa z celoslovenského kola ŠVOK v odbore etnológia 2023

Author(s): Štefan Ižák / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2024

On November 30, 2023, the national round of the Student Scientific and Professional Conference in Ethnology took place at the University of St. Cyril and Methodius, featuring nine students from three Slovak universities. Participants presented diverse topics, including wedding video recordings, traditional Maypole raising, COVID-19 risk representations, everyday and festive family life in the late 20th century, and traditional birth rituals. The jury, composed of representatives from various academic institutions, praised the quality of all contributions, ultimately awarding Ján Dubravčák, Peter Gecelovský, and Denis Krajčovič as laureates. Special recognitions were given to Stanislav Čúzy and Michaela Baštáková. The conference fostered valuable exchanges among students, highlighting the importance of scientific methodology and collaboration in ethnological research.

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