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The purpose of this article is to outline the main features and principles, for the provision of social support for dying clients. It presents the main theoretical stages in connection with the adoption of the death and the reactions of customers and their relatives, as well as practical guidelines for direct aid in the adoption of death.
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School as a public institution plays a great role in shaping young people‘s personality, therefore it is important the best conditions for successful education and nurture to be created for all pupils no matter their individual characteristics. This scientific research aims to focus the attention towards a particular group of pupils, whose abilities and behavior are specific due to autistic spectrum disorder. The article suggests solutions these pupils to be included into the school system as well as for their successful education and therapy via application of drama-based methods and techniques. Different approaches for intervention through drama games and exercises, which can improve their communication skills, motivate them for active participation and support their social and emotional development are presented.
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120 години от рождението на Лев Семьонович Виготски
The classic of the Russian and the world’s psychology Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1896 – 1934) is represented as an author. The work is based on a study of his writings in Russian and Bulgarian language and highlights his contribution to the theoretical clarification of questions of creativity – a complex synergetic-system object with two subsystems: a productive-procedure (“activity”) subsystem and a personality-social subsystem.
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The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the problem of personality alienation in cyberspace of the information society, aimed at identifying such behavioral aspects of personality that would indicate the presence of traits, qualities, or criteria of Internet addiction or the likelihood of their occurrence. The methodology of the study was general and special methods of studying the issue, the use of which allowed achieving this goal. The set of applied methods made it possible to clarify the logical sequence, the plurality of areas of influence of the information society on the individual, and the further transformation. The main principle was historicism, which involves the consideration of any phenomenon in its self-development under the influence of various factors. The historical-structural method is used to clarify the features of self-identification in the information society. The historical-system method is aimed at analyzing society as a whole and the changes within it caused by transformational processes. Quantitative methods were used to process the results of sociological surveys and questionnaires, as well as to diagnose the process under study. The scientific novelty of the study is the expansion of ideas about the issue of alienation of an individual in the modern information space. Thanks to a sociological study conducted by the authors, it was hypothesized that Internet addiction can occur not only in adolescence but also the middle-aged people can get into the conditions of transformation of their personality. Conclusions. The beginning of the XXI century was marked by the emergence of the phenomenon of complex psychosocial relations between the individual and the information environment that surrounds him. The extraordinary opportunities that a computer gives to a person, on the one hand, open up a boundless field for creativity, and on the other hand, create and consolidate alienation between people, dramatically change basic values, ideals, and evaluations. The transformation of the individual in the modern information society demonstrates the decline of spirituality, the technicalization of life, and the transfer of priorities to the virtual environment.
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Scientific research on the difficulties of young people in the period of adolescence. Discursive analysis focuses on those aspects of psychological and pedagogical support of teenagers on the verge of independent living.
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The following paper presents the problems of the project oriented training. The analysis is centered on the technology of the modern education strategy. Discussed are the following issues: strong and weak points of traditional education methods, the need to modernize them, the philosophy of the project oriented training and its application in universities by teaching students. Presented is the experimental design of research, carried out by the author team with students in psychology.
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The problem of professional self-determination exists in a person throughout his life. Personality always faces problems requiring her to determine her attitude to professions, sometimes to analyze and reflect their own professional achievements, to decide on the choice of profession or its change, refinement or correction of a career, the resolution of other professionally determined issues. There are many definitions of the concept of «professional self-determination». However, they all contain a few key points. First, professional self-determination is a conscious choice of professional activity, based on the assessment of their own abilities and capabilities, the characteristics of the profession and the requirements for it. Second, the process of professional self-determination is usually associated with the person’s desire for self-development and self-realization. Thirdly, professional self-determination is characterized by an active search for opportunities for own professional self-development. The most actual problem of professional self-determination is at a young age, when school graduates – senior students first choose a profession. Factors of successful professional self-determination are: awareness of what are the professions in the society and what are the requirements for them; knowledge of objective needs in different kinds of work in society; assessment of their qualities and abilities and their correlation with the requirements of the profession etc. In the process of professional self-determination, the personality, guided by a certain professional group of the society, to which he aspires to enter, must reveal his personal qualities and evaluate them, to show a «tendency to a profession». In analyzing the phenomenon of professional self-determination, one should turn to the ideas of F. Herzberg and his colleagues, who in the second half of the 1950s developed a «theory of enrichment of labor». This made it possible to conclude that if a young person realizes that «enriched labor» will provide or, on the contrary, will not enable her to reveal her own professional potential and build a professional career, she will make her choice consciously and not intuitively.
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Professional competence of students as future specialists in social work is considered. As a result of generalization the main professional competences of the specialist in social work are described.
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The study explores the relative contribution of interviewers’ personality and interviewers’ ratings of candidate’s personality in predicting interviewers’ ratings of candidate’s job suitability and examines the moderating effect of interviewers’ personality on the relationship between ratings of candidate’s personality and job suitability. Results showed that ratings of candidate’s Big Five personality traits were related to ratings of candidate’s job suitability, as well as were interviewers’ Agreeableness and Extraversion. Interviewers’ Openness and Agreeableness had a moderating effect on the relationship between interviewers’ ratings of candidate’s personality traits and ratings of candidate’s job suitability. Results reveal the role that interviewer’s Agreeableness, Extraversion and Openness play in the assessment of candidate in the selection interview.
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It is considered that the child care reform in Bulgaria has started in 1991, when the country ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. In reality however this reform has actually started about ten years later, following a rather critical report of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). The purpose of the reform may be defined as a change of the stereotyped approach towards identification of the need of children at risk and the collectively organized method of work for individualization and placing the best interest of every child in the core of the social intervention. Considering the current tendencies in Europe, in Bulgaria the alternative services for children in risk may also be differentiated into two main groups: services in support of the family and services that substitute the family.
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This article presents the results of researching strategies of coping stressfulsituations among graduate students who are at the stage of completing their studies and further jobsearch. In the ascertaining experiment, took part students of graduate courses of the full-time learningform of education: 190 students, of which 100 girls (52.6%) and 90 boys (47.4%) of variousspecialties. The general average indicators of the coping level for the majority of respondents arehigh and medium. Most of the respondents prefer such constructive ways of coping with difficult lifesituations as positive reappraisal and self-control. When faced with difficult life situations, girls showefforts to seek informational, effective and emotional support; recognize their own role in the problemwith accompanying attempts to solve it and show problem-focused efforts to change the situation,which include an analytical approach to the problem. It is typical for young men to plan a solutionto a problem in stressful situations, purposefully analyzing the situation and possible behavioral options,as well asto develop a plan for their actions, taking into account objective conditions, past experienceand available resources. The average indicators clearly demonstrate the differences amongrespondents in pedagogical and socio-behavioral / legal specialties and their absence amongrespondents in pedagogical and economic specialties. To cope with difficult life situations,respondents choose ineffective coping strategies such as: escape-avoidance and distancing
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The article presents the basic mental structures – neurosis, psychosis, perversion and discusses the distinction neurosis – psychosis, following the logic by which Freud specifies the mechanisms which the subject uses as it connects with the outside world. Consider the Lacanian clinic of psychosis and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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The psychoanalysis is rich in theories and gives opportunities for deep analysis of the psychic phenomena. Through this perspective the human functioning is seen in its multi-layer and integral dynamics. Psychoanalytic psychotherapy is based on psychoanalysis as an explanatory model and can be applied successfully in institutional practice. The psychotherapeutic work is an important part of the overall procedure for patients with liver and renal transplantation performed at University Hospital “Lozenets”. It is conducted on an outpatient basis in a strictly regulated framework of the visits. There are certain features for this group of patients such as: predominance of archaic conflicts over long periods of time in individuals with neurotic personality organization, prolonged oedipal conflicts, blocked symbolic abilities, etc.
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The article states that psychoanalysis has been actively used in Lesya Ukrainka's personality in recent decades, but almost no reading of her works in the psychoanalytic key. The concept of "implicit psychoanalytic narrative" is substantiated in relation to artistic works based on the history of a person whose unconscious becomes the implicit object of the image. The necessity of using this concept to the works that emphasizes the unconscious of the characters as one of the important causes of mental disorders, life problems and tragedies is substantiated. Lesya Ukrainka's love stories are tragic, and the recipient is guided by a search for deeper motivation than what is being declared by the characters during the deployment of the plot. The psychological basis of many works by Lesya Ukrainka is clearly biographical. It is important for the author to understand, with the help of his characters, in his own internal problems.
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The article presents the main aspects on psychographic researches as way to create detailed customer profile by the behavioral and the psychological characteristics. The text reveals the nature and the advantages that this method has to other methods. The leading focus is on the lifestyle of different people. The special emphasis is on the method VALS /Values, Attitude and Lifestyle System/ method, dividing people on different categories according to their core values.
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The term borderline personality organization more accurately describes the people who do have a specific, stable, pathological personality organization, which is not a transitory state fluctuating between neurosis and psychosis. Borderline personality organization is characterized by diffuse identity, the use of primitive defenses, generally intact fragile reality testing, impairments in affect regulation and sexual and aggressive expression, inconsistent internalized values, and poor quality of relations with others.
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Among the most common genetic anomalies in early childhood are those with Down syndrome. The incidence of such children in the total infant population is 1 in 800. It was found that treatment for healthy functioning of children with Down syndrome is impossible because their suffering is a consequence of genetic disorder. The aim of this paper is to identify the psychophysical growth patterns of people with Down syndrome and to present results of individual psychocorrection work aimed at developing skills for their social adaptation.
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