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Motivacija kao faktor razvoja muzičkog talenta

Author(s): Igor Nikolić,Slobodan Kodela / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2018

Motivation considerably influences talent development and success in music. The paper discusses the interaction of external and internal motivation sources at various stages of development, attitudes on the interconnectedness between ability and motivation as well as the results of the relevant studies. The connection between schoolchildren’s musical ability and their desire to attend music school is studied empirically (N=514). The result is a significant but low correlation; therefore, it is indicated that schoolchildren may be motivated for being engaged in various forms of music which do not necessarily involve formal music education. Moreover, the empirical research demonstrates that the majority of talented schoolchildren of this age are not fully aware of their abilities, which means that it is required to discover and encourage music talent at school.

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Аллa Петрівнa Романченко: Елітарна мовна особистість у просторі наукового дискурсу: комунікативні аспекти

Author(s): Maria Lvivna Druzhynets / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2020

The review of: Аллa Петрівнa Романченко: Елітарна мовна особистість у просторі наукового дискурсу: комунікативні аспекти. Одеса, Одеський національний університет імені І. І. Мечникова, 2019, 541 с., ISBN 978-617-689-334-9.

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Imaginea de sine a copiilor cu părinţi aflaţi la muncă în străinătate

Author(s): Andreea Soltan,Luminiţa Mihaela Iacob / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

Like other countries, Romania exports labour permanently or seasonally. In the second scenario, the question of the psychological price paid by children left at home arises. A number of answers have already been accumulated, but this natural experiment of occupational migration still offers much room for investigation. Can the ontogenetic dynamics of childhood self-image act as a protective factor? Does the constellation of parental absence matter? How do the two variables interfere on global self-image/on sub-components? These are the stakes of the present study, carried out on a group of 175 preschoolers and young schoolchildren from the cities of Galați and Iași.

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Supporting Moral Development in Medical Students through an Elective Course Focused on Moral Self-reflection

Author(s): Tereza Pinkasová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Due to the high level of stress experienced during study, the moral development of medical students may be being stunted, and in some cases even regressing, compared to other students of the same age. At the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, we have responded by creating an elective course that offers a safe space for moral self-reflection. The results show that this course can effectively support the moral development in students.

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Çevresel Duyarlılığın Çalışanların Yeşil Örgütsel Davranışlarına Etkisinde Kişilik Özelliklerinin aracı Rolü

Author(s): Necmiye Tülin İrge / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2022

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to determine the mediating role of personality traits in the effect of environmental sensitivity on the organizational green behavior of employees. Design/methodology/approach – While the academicians working in state and foundation universities providing education services in Istanbul constitute the universe of the research, those who participate voluntarily constitute the sample of the study. Within the scope of the research, a questionnaire consisting of Personal Information Form, Environmental Sensitivity Scale, Green Organizational Behavior Scale and Ten-item Personality Scale was applied to 577 participants between October 15 and December 20, 2021. SPSS PROCESS Plugin was used for Mediator Variable Analysis in the research. Results – As a result of the analysis, personality traits such as openness to experience, softness, emotional balance, and extroversion with responsibility have a partial mediation effect on the effect of environmental sensitivity attitude, knowledge/emotion factor, attentive behavior and recycling on green organizational behavior and technological sensitivity. Discussion – In this study, it was tried to determine the mediating role of personality traits in the effect of environmental awareness on green organizational behavior of employees and openness to experience, softness, emotional balance, responsibility extroversion in the effect of environmental sensitivity attitude, knowledge/emotion factor, attentive behavior and recycling on green organizational behavior and technological sensitivity.

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Sprawcy agresji i przemocy wobec zwierząt. Od czynników osobowościowych i sytuacyjno-społecznych do psychopatii i antyspołecznego zaburzenia osobowości

Author(s): Ewa Czerwińska-Jakimiuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2022

Ewa Czerwińska-Jakimiuk’s aim in this article is to discuss selected aspects of human aggression and violence against animals. She presents definitions of aggression and violence, a description of these phenomena, and the results of selected empirical studies. These studies take into account the socio-demographic characteristics of the perpetrators of violence against animals, the most common personality disorders, criminal behavior, legal actions taken against them, and – in the case of children and adolescents using violence against animals – the causes and correlates of the phenomenon, motivational background and effects. Further in the article, Czerwińska-Jakimiuk analyzes the factors most often correlating with aggression and violence as a personality trait (e.g., aggressiveness, fear, self-control, and empathy) and as a situational-social phenomenon (e.g., frustration, relative deprivation, and social learning) as well as psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder.

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THE “JŪDŌ SUKEBEI” PHENOMENON: WHEN CROSSING THE LINE MERITS MORE THAN SHIDŌ [MINOR INFRINGEMENT] ― SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND INAPPROPRIATE BEHAVIOR IN JŪDŌ COACHES AND INSTRUCTORS

Author(s): Carl De Crée / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

The sport of jūdō was intended as an activity “for all”. Since in 1996 a major sex abuse scandal broke out that involved a Dutch top jūdō coach and several female elite athletes, international media have identified many more abuses. To date no scholarly studies exist that have examined the nature, extent, and consequences of these anomalies. We intend in this paper to review and analyze sexual abuses in jūdō. To do so we offer a descriptive jurisprudence overview of relevant court and disciplinary cases, followed by a qualitative-analytical approach looking at the potential factors that prompt jūdō-related bullying and sexual harassment. Sex offenders may be attracted to jūdō because of: 1. the extensive bodily contact during grappling, 2. the easy access to voyeuristic opportunities during contest weigh-ins and showering, 3. Jūdō’s authoritarian and hierarchical structure as basis for ‘grooming’, 4. lack of integration of jūdō’s core moral component in contemporary jūdō coach and instructor education, and 5. its increasing eroticization by elite jūdō athletes posing for nude calendars and media and by specialized pornographic jūdō manga and movies. Cultural conceptions and jurisprudence are factors that affect how people perceive the seriousness and how these offences are dealt with. A survey of 19 cases of abuse in jūdō worldwide shows that cultural conceptions and jurisprudence cause that such cases are handled in a very heterogeneous way by the law and by the jūdō governing bodies. Jūdō clubs and organizations overall suffer from a lack of expertise, intellectual insight, ethical objectivity, and solid procedures of fairness for both victim and accused, in this way often failing in both sufficiently protecting the weak from sex offenders, and in educating and reintegrating past offenders through jūdō activities that do not involve their victim target groups. Jūdō’s moral philosophy implicitly attempts to offer a utilitarian answer as to how the jūdō community should deal with serious offences. These incidents, however, continue to show the limitations of jūdō‘s utopian “prosperity for all” objective.

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Are religions growing or declining? Self-reported religion and personality

Author(s): Ibrahim Senay / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2022

It is not clear whether religions are on the rise or fall today. The present study investigated whether personality trait factors can predict the combined growth of religious affiliations and non-affiliations (i.e., the number of people who self-identify with a religion or do not identify with any religion) across socio-cultural contexts through an analysis of online survey data collected from 111 countries and 4,270 individuals. In a multiple-discriminant analysis, religion self-reports constituted three independent dimensions. Religious affiliations and nonaffiliations (whether a person identifies as a member of a specific religion or identifies him/ herself as an atheist or agnostic) formed separate clusters along one axis, while on the other two, they did not. Across countries, religions’ growth rates significantly predicted the trait factor configuration classifying religious affiliations (seeing oneself as a member of a specific religion) differently from non-affiliations (seeing oneself as an atheist or an agnostic). The personality profile grouping affiliations together with non-affiliations had a non-significant relationship with religions’ growth rates. In sum, although self-identifying with no religion (i.e., agnosticism and atheism) might not replace affiliating with a religion in the short run, it can show a non-significant trend toward competing with adhering to most popular religions. The results may have implications for understanding the impact of religious pluralism on religions’ growth rates and the different growth trends associated with the complexity of religious affiliations.

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Социалните мрежи – онлайн убежище за маргинализирани общности с дисфункционално хранително поведение

Author(s): Velina Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

People have always felt a need for connecting with others and belonging in a community. These fundamental needs have not changed over centuries and millennia, but the way in which individuals fulfill them in the Internet age is unprecedented. Social networks enable the connection between people and like-minded groups more quickly and easily and on a much grander scale than ever before. The internet harbors communities of varied interests, some of which are marginalized and not well understood by the mainstream. One such example are individuals suffering from dysfunctional eating behavior and eating disorders. This study traces their online communities, their attempts to assert their self- and group-identity, and showcases how despite their efforts, they are persecuted in the online world and stigmatized by society.

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Manifestarea agresivității la adolescenți în contextul noilor provocări societale

Author(s): Iulia Racu,Mirela Stanciu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

The present research focuses on the study of the relationship between parenting styles, self-esteem and aggressive behaviors in high school students. To carry out the study, a number of 60 students between the ages of 14 and 19 from rural areas were selected, and to test the proposed hypotheses, three tools validated on the Romanian population were used: Aggression Test (A.H. Buss & M. Perry), Self-Esteem Scale and Authority Questionnaire (PAQ). The results illustrate positive, statistically significant correlations between the authoritarian parenting style and the aggressive behaviors of adolescents manifested through verbal aggression, hostility and anger. Adolescents’ self-esteem correlates negatively with their verbal aggression and positively with their anger and hostility. The results show a statistically significant negative correlation between adolescent self-esteem and permissive parenting style.

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Helicopter parenting, self-control, and problematic online gaming in emerging adults

Author(s): Yankı Süsen,Halil Pak,Esra Çevik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-control on the relationship between perceived helicopter parental attitudes and problematic online gaming among emerging-adult online gamers. 186 gamers from Turkey were reached using a cross-sectional online survey. According to the results obtained in this study, self-control was negatively associated with problematic online gaming and perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitudes. Also, problematic online gaming was positively correlated with perceived maternal helicopter parenting attitude. It was further found that age, gender, and having previous psychiatric diagnosis were significantly related to problematic online gaming. Age had a positive significant correlation with problematic online gaming whereas those who reported having previous psychiatric diagnosis and male respondents also stated higher levels of problematic online gaming. Lastly, mothers were significantly perceived as having higher helicopter parental attitudes compared to fathers. However, the indirect effect was found significant only at paternal level. Thus, it can be concluded that the indirect effect was due to the tendency for those who perceived higher paternal helicopter parenting attitude to have lower levels of self-control, which in turn resulted in higher levels of problematic online gaming. This study offers novel insight into online gaming research, indicating that perceived paternal helicopter parenting attitude may lead to developing problematic online gaming among emerging adult children with low selfcontrol.

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The influence of perfectionism on the school performance of young schoolchildren

Author(s): Popa Cătălina Mariana / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Perfectionism amongst young children is a phenomenon that has just recently become a topic for research. In a highly competitive society, orientation towards performance and the attainment of very high standards coincide with the necessity to create a perfect “self” for the child. In this context dominated by the interest to create optimised children, we can talk about the development of a type of behaviour with perfectionist tendencies, whose consequences have started to draw the researchers’ attention during the past decades. Although perfectionism can be both positive and negative, research findings have shown that there are numerous factors that contribute to the development of maladaptive perfectionism in children, even from an early school age. The purpose of this research was to focus on the positive side of this personality trait by measuring the connection between the independent variable of perfectionism and the dependent variable of school performance, by also taking into consideration variables such as the parents’ influence and the competitive spirit in the educational background. To this effect, the instrument we used to measure positive perfectionism was the Questionnaire on Orderliness [Q3 factor: Perfectionism] on a sample of 101 participants, both parents and children, whereas the instrument we used for competitiveness was the Competitiveness Scale Questionnaire [HICs] on a sample of 51 subjects, consisting only of fourth graders. The obtained data were organized in Excel spreadsheets based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, in order to establish the connection between the variables. The main result of this research is that the subjects focus on quantitative results and on developing strategies to get higher grades, rather than on an efficient learning process. This study has opened up numerous research opportunities on the topic of perfectionism in the young schoolchildren.

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Effects of Economic Freedom on Subjective Well-Being

Author(s): Alexandra Cristina Sirbu,Andreea-Oana Iacobuţă-Mihăiță,Mircea Asandului,Madalina-Maria Brezuleanu / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2023

Are people more likely to be satisfied with their lives if they had freedom from regulations, if they had the ability to trade freely internationally? In light of the demographic aging phenomenon we are facing, the present study analyzes the relationship between economic freedom and life satisfaction among European older adults. In order to do so, we are using data from the European Health, Ageing, and Retirement Survey and Economic Freedom of the World. By using the ordered logit regression method, we estimated different models to identify how sub-indicators of economic freedom affect the subjective well-being. According to the findings, the quality of the institutions that define the legal system and establish rules for the protection of private property and sound monetary policy have a positive effect on subjective well-being. On the other hand, openness to international trade has a negative effect and government and regulation doesn’t show any significance.

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Worldwide Fiscal Progressivity: What can we Learn from Subjective Wellbeing Economics?

Author(s): Angela Ruíz Guillermo,Francisco Gómez García,Luis Palma Martos / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2023

The link between fiscal progressivity and subjective well-being at global level is an issue that has hardly been considered in the literature on the Economics of Happiness. Oishi et al. (2012) is almost the only work in this field, and they concluded that those countries which had more progressive income tax systems were also happier. Our work use their definition of progressivity as the difference between the upper and lower marginal rate on income, in order to prove its relationship with subjective well-being (SWB), but we have observed that such indicator is not very significant for a sample of 111 countries. Besides, we conclude that the fact that a country's maximum income tax rate is high turns out to have a strong influence on the declared subjective well-being of its citizens. One possible explanation for it could be that they are countries with a high GDP per capita in which disposable income after taxes remains high. However, it must be taken into account that in our work we have managed to isolate the influences that the GDP per capita variable could have using the principal component analysis method.

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Today’s Approach to the Problem of Forming Communicative Competence of the Individual

Author(s): Volodymyr Tovstohan,Nataliya Dragan-Ivanets,Oksana KHURTENKO,Tetiana Shvets,Nina Tverezovska,Anzhelika Popovych / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and methodological foundations of the study with the problem of forming a communicative competence of the individual. Here we are considering a psychological content of the concept of “communicative competence”, its structural components and functions, as well as a today’s approach to the formation of communication competence of the individual. It is emphasized an important influence of integrative learning and interactive methods for the formation of communicative competence. It is noted the interdependence of communicative culture and communicative competence. Also it is noted a mutual understanding between the interlocutors as the foundation of business or interpersonal communication and the psychological condition of activation the communicative competence in any communicative interaction. The significance of the study the mechanisms of activating communicative competence to optimize conflict practices and professional training of specialists are proved. The psychological and pedagogical recommendations for the formation of communicative competence of the individual are developed. It is noted that current means of forming communicative competence must be focused on all structural components of the individual, since their interconnection with communicative experience is a personal-communicative formation as a psychological instrument for achieving social requests respectively.

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Influence of University Professors on the Formation of Personal Maturity of Students

Author(s): Svetlana Doskach,Liubov Kostyk,Zoriana Batrynchuk,Nataliia Honchar,Tetiana Babiuk,Maryna Skrypnyk / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

Psychological and pedagogical interaction in higher education is characterized by certain features, among which, the determining is the influence of the professor on the formation of students' personal maturity. Under the influence of internal (personal) and external (social) factors, meaningful personal formations arise, that characterize this phenomenon. The article explicates signs of personal maturity: at the individual level - adequate self-esteem, a high level of self-regulation, independence, and responsibility; within social interaction - the ability of the individual to be tolerant and empathic. The process of professor-student interaction in higher education institutions should be aimed at maintaining an enthusiastic attitude toward the future profession, and the development of relevant qualities and features necessary for the future specialist, which adds relevance to the study. An effective means of influencing the formation of students' personal maturity is psychological and pedagogical support for all participants of the educational process in higher education institutions, which corresponds to the natural concept of personality development in the dialectical unity of postmodern approaches to understanding the psyche. The result of such support lies in the preservation of moral, spiritual, and mental health, the promotion of emotional well-being of students, the development of natural potential, and the activation of internal resources that ensure the aspiration of a young person to self-development. The article outlines the peculiarities of the influence of university professors on the formation of students’ personal maturity. The latter is activated due to the professors’ readiness to create conditions for psychological and pedagogical support and effective organization of the education process. The prospects for further research lie in outlining methods for the development and formation of students' personal maturity within the process of professor-student interaction during distance learning and the subsequent testing of their effectiveness in the educational process.

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What is remembered?: The recall of health-related information in cyberchondria and health anxiety

Author(s): Branka Bagarić,Marina Martinčević,Andrea Vranić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Cyberchondria is excessive online seeking of health-related information followed by distress. We aimed to examine the effects of cyberchondria and the credibility of the health-related sources on recall, and to investigate cyberchondria as a mediator between health anxiety (HA) and recall. Participants (N = 194) read about an alleged disease from sources of various credibility (high, low, neutral), filled in the HA Questionnaire and the Short Cyberchondria Scale, and recalled the information. No effect of source credibility on recall was found. Participants with high cyberchondria recalled more information, even when HA was controlled. Better recall in high HA was mediated by cyberchondria. A direct effect of HA on recall was found only for distorted recall of health information. This indicates different recall patterns in people with high HA depending on their cyberchondria, probably due to elaborated health schemas in cyberchondria, and to the disregard of source credibility in persons with high HA and low cyberchondria.

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Willingness to Self-forgive as a Predictor of the Well-being of Young Students

Author(s): Svetlana Kravchuk / Language(s): English Issue: 4 Sup.1/2022

The article considers an important and topical issue in the form of the willingness to self-forgive in young students. The concepts of psychological well-being, forgiveness, and self-forgiveness are considered. The peculiarities of the connection between psychological well-being and willingness to self-forgive in the case of young students are determined. Much attention is paid to the factors of psychological well-being. The study involved 228 people – young students, aged between 20 and 23 years, in the form of 109 men and 119 women. Empirical research was based on the following psychodiagnostic techniques: Flourishing Measure, Hardiness Test, Scale of Psychological Well-being, the Trait Forgivingness (dispositional) Scale, Mental Health Outcome Measures, Scale of Deep Readiness for Forgiveness, Depression and Anxiety (BSI – 12). The high level of willingness to self-forgive in young students is connected with high levels of hardiness and psychological well-being. The high level of willingness to self-forgive in young students is connected with low levels of anxiety and depression. It is indicated that the willingness to self-forgive is a predictor of psychological well-being in young students. The more university students are prone to willingness to self-forgive, the more they are satisfied with self-realization in specific living conditions and circumstances, with the achievement of meaningful goals, and with positive relationships with other people. The more young university students are ready for self-forgiveness, the more they are capable of reflection, the realization of their potential, the effective use of personal traits, self-acceptance, meaningful life, and being more satisfied with relationships with other people.

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Exploring the Relation between Teacher Candidates’ Emotional Intelligence and their Educational Practices: A Case Study in Greece

Author(s): Konstantina Tsoli / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Classroom management is a difficult task for teacher candidates and a significant barrier to being an effective teacher. The aim of this study was twofold: a) to examine the relation between student teachers’ emotional intelligence and their educational practices and b) whether emotional intelligence significantly predicted classroom management. The instruments used for data collection were TEIQue, a self-report questionnaire that measures trait emotional intelligence, and TEP-Q, a self-report questionnaire assessing three dimensions of classroom management: communication, organization, relationship. The sample of the study was comprised of third year undergraduate student teachers in the Department of Pedagogy and Primary Education at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, who had their first experience with teaching practice at primary schools. Descriptive statistics and correlational models showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between the factors. In fact, student teachers’ emotional intelligence predicted classroom management. Research results have pedagogical implications, while the impact of the research on practice and policy highlights the urge of social and emotional interventions during teachers’ both initial and ongoing education as well as the need to promote an educational design that embraces the goals of social and emotional learning at schools.

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Art Therapy and Social Emotional Development in Students with Special Educational Needs: Effects on Anxiety, Empathy, and Prosocial Behaviour

Author(s): Mariana Lavric,Camelia Soponaru / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Although our research started before the pandemic, it seems that focusing on the social emotional development of our students has become a top priority, considering that, globally, the rates of anxiety among children and teenagers are, in the actual context of the pandemic and war, skyrocketing. One valuable way to promoting positive social emotional development is to implement in schools research-based programs that support students in strengthening their social and emotional competencies. Art therapy is one of the most suitable ways to serve this purpose, for it goes beyond words and gives the students the opportunity to deeper experience and process their emotions. This research used a structured group art therapy program to reduce anxiety and improve empathy and prosocial behaviour in 20 special educational needs students with neuro-psycho-motor deficiencies, aged between 8 and 11 years, who were randomly and equally assigned either to an experimental or a control group. The intervention was performed once weekly for ten weeks. Anxiety, empathy and prosocial behaviour have been measured using specific questionnaires filled out by the students’ caregivers at the beginning and at the end of the program. After ten weeks, the art therapy group showed a significant decrease in anxiety and a significant increase in empathy and prosocial behaviour. These findings suggest that art therapy might be used in an educational context to lower anxiety and to support the positive development of social emotional competencies such as empathy and prosocial behaviour in special educational needs children with neuro-psycho-motor deficiencies.

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