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Autoritarnost kao medijator efekta osobina ličnosti na predrasude studenata prema homoseksualnim osobama

Author(s): Barbara Kalebić Maglica,Anja Vuković / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 3/2016

Negative attitudes toward homosexuals are just one of many that are often expressed toward various minority groups. There are numerous determinants of negative attitudes towards stigmatized groups, and personality traits are certainly one of them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits, authoritarianism and attitudes against homosexuals. The study included 583 students (443 female and 139 male) of different universities in the Republic of Croatia, with an average age of 21 years. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that examined the Big Five personality traits, an Authoritarianism scale and also a Scale of attitudes toward homosexuals. The results show a significant negative correlation of openness to experience and negative attitudes towards homosexuals and a positive one between conscientiousness and authoritarianism and the negative attitudes. Also, authoritarianism is a mediating variable in the relationship between openness and conscientiousness and attitudes toward homosexuals. The obtained results are discussed in the context of existing models and research results.

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Badania dotyczące relacji między postawą religijną a osobowością w perspektywie resocjalizacji

Author(s): Waldemar Woźniak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2004

Powyższymi, ciekawymi badawczo relacjami winni zainteresować się wychowawcy resocjalizujący. Na podstawie własnych badań, prowadzonych metodą obserwacji uczestniczącej, wiem, że wśród młodzieży zagrożonej, znajduje się dość liczna grupa osób, które opierając się na religii, chcą zerwać ze swoją patologiczną przeszłością.

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Banka Çalişanlarinin Kişilik Özelliklerinin Psikolojik Dayaniklilik Düzeylerine Etkisi

Author(s): Selin Çavuşoğlu,Melis Yalçin / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 02/2018

People’s ways of perceiving events, attitudes and methods in which they prefer in struggle with adverse conditions differ in periods of stress and crisis. Psychological resilience is defined as a personality trait that expresses indivitual’s performance, health and moods that enable them to remain positive in stressfull situations. In this study, it was attempted to determine which personality traits play an effective role in the organizations, such as the banks, where employees work under intense stress, in order to explain the psychological resilience and to reduce the negative effects of stress. The data used in the research were collected with the help of survey method. Population of the study is 67 bank employees working in the Kula district of Manisa. In this research, sampling was not preferred, rather the whole of population was tried to be included in the study. Five factor personality scale and psychological reseilence survey are used as measuring instruments. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS 21 statistics package program. Correlation and a series of regression analyzes were applied to test research hypotheses. According to the results of analysis, there is a significiant relationship between psychological reseilence and personality dimensions. There is a strong relationship between psychological reseilence and extroversion and openness for improvement. There is a moderate relationship between psychological reseilence and personality traits such as compatibility, responsibility and emotional balance. As a result, it emerges that personality has a significant variance in explaining psychological reseilence.

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Belgrade Adolescent Personality Inventory: Bridging the Gap between Personality Assessment in Children and Adults

Author(s): Tamara Džamonja Ignjatović,Marko Milanović ,Vesna Dukanac / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

Personality inventories for assessment and study temperament and character of adolescents, an age critical for the finalisation of both normal and pathological mental development, have not been specifically developed. In this paper, we introduce a new personality inventory based on Cloninger’s Psychobiological model of personality to assess adolescents from 14 to 18 years of age (the Belgrade Adolescent Personality Inventory – BAPI), which bridges the gap between personality assessment in children and adults. The BAPI is a 46-item Likert scale inventory derived from previous studies using the TCI and JTCI on the Serbian sample. The psychometric properties of the BAPI were tested on the sample of 535 secondary school students in Serbia, aged 15 to 16. In order to assess the fit of the model, the Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed. The differences between sexes were analysed by MANOVA, while the Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied in order to identify different adaptation profiles among adolescents. The BAPI scales had a satisfactory internal consistency (.66 – .80.) considering the small number of items (5–6) in each scale. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) generally supported the main dimensions of temperament and character, as postulated by Cloninger. The only exception was Novelty Seeking, which best fitted a two-factor solution, Explorative curiosity and Impulsivity, separating the “good” (curious, inquisitive, creative) and “bad” (impulsive, impatient, disorderly) facets of this trait. Such polarity of Novelty Seeking could be specific for personality development and behaviour disorders in adolescence. The LCA differentiated the personality profiles of well-adapted adolescents from those at risk for maladaptation that manifested low character traits, lack of Persistence and high Novelty seeking Impulsivity subscale. The results support the construct validity of the BAPI and thus provide the basis for its practical application in personality assessment of adolescents and contribute to the theoretical understanding of personality structure and the risk of psychopathology in adolescence.

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Belief in a Just World and Coping with Injustice in Intimate Relationships

Author(s): Denisa Rovenská,Lenka Daduľáková / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2018

Aim: According to the just world hypothesis, people want to and have to believe they live in a just world so that they can go about their daily lives with a sense of trust, hope, and confidence in their future (Lerner,1980). Justice can be seen as a key issue in intimate relationships. People want to be treated justly and consider justice to be one of the most important attributes of a good intimate relationship. Social justice research has shown that people respond with negative attitudes and behaviors when they perceive unjust treatment or situations. However, belief in a just world is associated with a positive coping style (Dalbert & Filke, 2007). The aim of this contribution is to examine the level of the belief in a just world (personal and general), find out which strategy is most used when people cope with injustice in intimate relationships, and analyze the relation between the belief in a just world and particular coping strategies. Method: 117 respondents (66 women and 51 men) with an average age of 21.60 years (SD = 1.54) answered the questions measuring coping strategies in the Coping with Injustice in Intimate Relationships Questionnaire (Dotazník zvládania nespravodlivosti v partnerskom vzťahu, Rovenská & Lovaš, 2017) and belief in a just world in the General Belief in a Just World Scale and Personal Belief in a Just World Scale (Dalbert, Montada, & Schmitt, 1987). The sample included heterosexual, childfree relationships. The average length of relationship was 28.00 months (SD = 19.88). Participation was voluntary, and all participants were treated in accordance with the ethical guidelines. Results: The results showed significant differences in belief in a just world (t(116) = 4.07; p < .001). Respondents had a stronger personal belief in a just world than general belief in a just world (M(GBJW) = 3.96; SD = .85), M(PBJW) = 3.08; SD = .84). Furthermore, cooperation was the most common strategy used to cope with injustice in romantic relationships (M = 4.61; SD = .85). There was no significant relationship between belief in a just world and coping with injustice. Conclusion: The paper dealt with the concept of belief in a just world and coping with injustice in intimate relationships. The paper defined the character of the belief in a just world and clarified that personal BJW is more significant for individuals than general BJW. The present paper also showed that cooperation was the most used coping strategy through dealing with injustice in intimate relationships.

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BENLİK SAYGISINA FARKLI BİR BAKIŞ: ÖRTÜK BENLİK SAYGISI

Author(s): Selahattin AVŞAROĞLU / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 40/2018

The concept of self develops along with all stages of development of an individual. The attitude of the father and all the relatives, who are caring for the mother, is seen as the main factor in the development of the self. The aim of this study is to analyze the concept of self-development, self-image, self-esteem, self-esteem and self-esteem. For this purpose, studies conducted with self-esteem in the literature were examined; different aspects and dimensions of implicit self-esteem are known from the known self-esteem. According to the research findings, it was emphasized that self-esteem and implicit self-esteem are related to the situations encountered in other stages of life starting from childhood. It was emphasized that these factors should be considered when measuring implicit self-esteem through the subconscious dimension and observing its reflection and its implicit self-esteem. According to the obtained information, positive personality image development can be done in school personality services and school guidance and psychological counseling services. Family participation is ensured by cooperating with the school and family and contributing to the healthier development of children.

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BEŞ FAKTÖR KİŞİLİK KURAMI BAĞLAMINDA KİŞİLİK KAVRAMINA GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Author(s): Kasim Tatlilioğlu / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 6/2013

In psychology, personality is one of the most extensive concepts. Personality has been defıned by many theorists. Therefore, personality hasn ’t an exact defınition by which theorists agree on. Each theory and theorist has tried to identify different perspectives of personality. The reason for this matter results from its being a versatile and complex issue and also it ’s reminiscent of a number of features regarding human behaviors. Psychologists regard and define personality as a unique and a set of behaviors of the individual. In this context, psychology is concerned with human unique behaviors, emotions and way of thinking. Although there are many personality traits observed in individuals, Five Factor Model of personality (Big Five), coming out after researches, has been a very useful classification and has brought a new perspective to the concept of personality. The core of entity takes shape in the very fırst years of life. After the age of 6, the main lines of age appear, but its final shape rises by the end of the youth era. In the formation of personality, the most important environmental factor is family. Love, warmth and intimacy shown to the baby and satisfying his physical and psychological needs in the first years of life have a significant impact in winning his sense of basic trust.

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Beş Faktör Kişilik Özellikleri ve Konaklama İşletmeleri Çalışanları Kişilik Özelliklerinin İş Doyumu Düzeyleri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Author(s): Gülşen BAYAT / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 3/2019

Purpose - This study aims to determine the personality structures of the employees of the accomodation enterprises located in the TRA2( Igdır, Kars, Ağrı, Ardahan) region and to determine whether there is relationship between personality and jop satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach - AMOS 22 and SPSS 15.0 have been used for data analysis. Demographic information of the participants as frequency and percentage table; factor averages and standard deviations in descriptive analysis table the relationship between the scales are presented using the path analysis. Findings - According to the descriptive analysis results; openness to development, responsibility, extroversion and neuroticism (emotional imbalance) personality dimensions scores are moderate; The compatibility personality trait dimension score is medium-high.

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Bipolar Spectrum Disorders in a Clinical Sample of Patients With Internet Addiction: Hidden Comorbidity or Differential Diagnosis?

Author(s): Klaus Wölfling,Manfred E. Beutel,Michael Dreier,Kai W. Müller / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

Behavioral addictions and bipolar disorders have a certain probability of co-occurrence. While the presence of a manic episode has been defined as an exclusion criterion for gambling disorder, no such exclusion has been formulated for Internet addiction. Methods: A clinical sample of 368 treatment seekers presenting with excessive to addictive Internet use was screened for bipolar spectrum disorders using the Mood Disorder Questionnaire. Psychopathology was assessed by the Symptom Checklist 90R and a clinical interview was administered to screen for comorbid disorders. Results: Comorbid bipolar disorders were more frequent in patients meeting criteria for Internet addiction (30.9%) than among the excessive users (5.6%). This subgroup showed heightened psychopathological symptoms, including substance use disorders, affective disorders and personality disorders. Further differences were found regarding frequency of Internet use regarding social networking sites and online-pornography. Discussion: Patients with Internet addiction have a heightened probability for meeting criteria of bipolar disorders. It is not possible to draw conclusions regarding the direction of this association but it is recommended to implement screening for bipolar disorders in patients presenting with Internet addiction. Conclusion: Similar to gambling disorder, it might prove necessary to subsume bipolar disorders as an exclusion criterion for the future criteria of Internet addiction.

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Bliske partnerske veze

Author(s): Tatjana Stefanović-Stanojević / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1-2/2002

According to the theory of emotional attachment, specific emotional relationships are being established at an early age between a child and its parents. On the basis of the quality of these relationships the child creates the so-called internal working model ie the image of itself as well as others. The working model persists throughout one's lifetime, shaping in part the quality of adult relationships. Thus, a dominant adult relationship is a close, partner or love one. Within the indicated theoretical context, we were interested in finding out whether there is a statistically significant link between the emotional ties of parents and their children formed in early childhood. The investigation included 180 grown-ups of the same sex and age. The results show there is a statistically significant link between the observed variables.

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Body mass index, personality traits, and body image in Italian pre-adolescents: An opportunity for overweight prevention

Author(s): Veronica Rosa,Manuela Tomai,Marco Lauriola,Gabriela Martino,Michela Di Trani / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

We investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and personality traits, socioeconomic status (SES), and body image (BI) at the beginning of preadolescence. Data were collected from 238 Italian children aged 10–11 years using self-report scales. Information about SES was derived from parental education and professional status. BI was the variable the most strongly associated with BMI. Controlling for BI, SES, and gender, Agreeableness was inversely associated with BMI, whilst Extroversion was related to BMI in girls only. Gender did not moderate the associations between BI and BMI at this age. The relationship of certain personality traits with BMI is likely to emerge during preadolescence. Early interventions to reduce overweight and obesity could consider the interplay of Agreeableness and Extroversion with gender, BI, and SES.

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Book Reviews

Author(s): Kata Mónok,Borbála Hende / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The reviews of: -„Data analysis with Mplus“ by Christian Geiser; The Guilford Press, 2013, 305 pp. Paperback ISBN 9781462502455, Hardcover ISBN 9781462507825 -„Trichotillomania, skin picking, and other body-focused repetitive behaviours“ by J. E. Grant, D. J. Stein, D. W. Woods and N. J. Keuthen; American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, 2011, 268 pp. ISBN: 1585623989

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Book Reviews

Author(s): Gyöngyi Kökönyei,Renáta Cserjési / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

The reviews of: -“Handbook of emotion regulation (second edition)” by James J. Gross (Editor); The Guilford Press, New York, London, 2014, 669 pp. ISBN 978-1-4625-0350-6 -“The behavioral addictions” by Michael S. Ascher (Author, Editor) and Petros Levounis (Editor); American Psychiatric Publishing, Arlington, 2014, 235 pp. ISBN: 1585624853

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Borderline Knowing: (Re)Valuing Borderline Personality Disorder as (Counter) Knowledge

Author(s): Sarah Redikopp / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2018

This article explores Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) as an epistemic standpoint defiant of dominant Western knowledge frameworks, which are (supposedly) rational, objective and linear. I engage with feminist, critical psychiatry and Mad critiques of BPD as a medicalization of trauma and ameliorate these critiques by engaging BPD as both a psychiatric diagnosis and as a (non-pathological) response to traumatic experiences. I conceptualize the ‘borderline standpoint’ as a subversive epistemology and examine the capacity of queer-crip temporalities to meaningfully engage with the borderline standpoint, arguing that a framework of queer time is useful insofar as trauma (and borderline knowing) are necessarily nonlinear. Ultimately, I employ concepts of queer-crip time, including the works of Alison Kafer and Elizabeth Freeman, to open new avenues of engagement with the ‘ugly’ affect of borderline and to embark on a maddening epistemological project.

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CALITĂŢI PSIHOLOGICE NECESARE LUPTĂTORULUI CARE ACŢIONEAZĂ ÎNTR-UN TEATRU DE OPERAŢII

Author(s): Ramona Ciobanu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 5/2011

La psychologie du combattant est généralement compliquée. Les nouveaux théâtres des opérations ne sont pas simples et linéaires, comme autrefois, pendant les guerres classiques. Les nouveaux théâtres des opérations sont non linéaires et complexes, avec des évolutions imprévisibles, voir chaotique. Les défis sont nombreux et les qualités du combattant deviennent flexibles este même variables. La sphère du comportement dépasse ce qu’on a nommé courage ou maitrise de soi. Un combattant doit résoudre des problèmes. Il faut savoir. Pour ca, il a besoin de connaissance, de culture et de capacité de découvrir et de comprendre l’essentiel. Il a besoin de caractère aussi, c'est-à-dire, de personnalité et de culture de théâtre. Pa psychologie du combattant devienne de plus en plus une construction dynamique et complexe qui implique équilibre émotionnel, ressources, disponibilités et réalisme.

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Can there be an immoral morality? Dark personality traits as predictors of Moral foundations

Author(s): Janko Međedović,Boban Petrović / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Previous researches have shown that some aspects of Moral foundations do not correlate with indicators of immoral behavior, or even have positive correlations with them. The aim of this study was to explore the relations of Moral foundations with general (HEXACO personality model) and “dark” personality traits (psychopathy, Machiavellianism, narcissism and sadism). Data was gathered via on-line survey (N=402; 70% females). The results have shown that Openness is the best predictor from the set of basic personality traits: It has positive relations with Harm/Care and Fairness/Reciprocity and negative with the other three moral foundations. Psychopathy was negatively associated with Harm/Care and positively with Ingroup/Loyalty foundation. Machiavellianism was a positive predictor of Ingroup/Loyalty and Authority/ Respect. Results confirmed the existence of fundamental differences between moral foundations. Ingroup/Loyalty and Authority/Respect are partly based on immoral personal dispositions, which bring into question their conceptual status as human moral foundations.

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Career Adaptability in Serbia: examining the CAAS model

Author(s): Biljana Mirković,Katarina Suvajdžić,Jelena Dostanić / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This study examined the psychometric properties of a Serbian translation of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS – Serbian Form). Two different studies involving Serbian employed adults were conducted. In the first study (n = 374), the results of confirmatory factor analyses supported the four-factor structure of the scale and it is shown that the overall CAAS score and sub-dimension scores were highly reliable. The second study (n = 270) demonstrated the external validity of the instrument. Correlations with narcissism, career satisfaction, supervisory support, perceived social support, and burnout wereconsistent with the theoretical expectations and results of previous studies, suggesting good external validity of the instrument. The configural, metric, scalar, and residual measurement invariance of the CAAS – Serbian Form among two samples were established. It was concluded that the CAAS – Serbian Form has adequate psychometric properties, and hencecould be considered as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring career adaptability of employed adults.

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Characteristics and Associated Factors of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Italian Young People: A Survey Through a Thematic Website

Author(s): Giuseppe Martorana / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2015

The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a group of young Italians who self-injure. In examining the characteristics, specific attention was given to the feelings and personal experiences associated with episodes of NSSI. Methods: The research involved 362 young people (332 females and 30 males) who completed an online survey hosted on a website specifically geared to supporting young people who self-injure. This methodology enabled involving a diverse population of young people who self-injure, thus going beyond specific groups or clinical samples. Results: Results show that the majority of respondents start injuring themselves between the ages of 12 and 16 years (72.38%, n = 262). Cutting was the most common self-injuring method (81.77%, n = 297). The 79.83% (n = 289) of respondents had not sought professional help for their wounds, preferring to care for their wounds on their own. More than half of the respondents (56.91%, n = 206) claimed to have experienced anxiety-spectrum disorders and almost half of the respondents (41.71%, n = 151) claimed to have experienced some type of eating disorder. Discussion and Conclusions: Many similarities have been found between this study and the literature, thus strengthening the hypothesis that NSSI is becoming a universal issue with similar characteristics across countries.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF COGNITIVE DISORDERS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND THEIR RELATION TO THE SOCIAL, FAMILIAL AND PROFESSIONAL ADAPTATION LEVEL

Author(s): Mihai Mutica,ILEANA MARINESCU,Mihail Cristian PIRLOG,Dragoş Marinescu,Ilinca UNTU,Anamaria CIUBARA / Language(s): English / Issue: 51/2015

Schizophrenia has a prevalence of about 1% of the people over 45 years old, more than 75% of the cases having a chronic evolution with major impact on the patients’ global functioning level and implicitly on their social-familial and professional integration. A focal point in the evolution of schizophrenia is the cognitive deficit. This research aims at recording in a non-interventional manner the link between the socialdemographic characteristics, the severity degree of the disorder, the nature of the cerebral abnormalities, the global functioning level and the degree of the cognitive deterioration in schizophrenic patients. The study batch includes 80 patients with equal gender representation, between 45 and 65 years old, who underwent craniocerebral CT (computed tomography) and were applied GAF, CGI-S and MMSE scales in order to evaluate the aforementioned variables. The results show an obvious interconnection between the cognitive impairment, a weak social-familial insertion and a low global functionality. At the same time, the intensity of the cognitive deficit is correlated with the presence of cortical abnormalities, with a negative evolution of the disorder and a weak social support and low autonomy of the individual. The current paper is intended to set the ground for future research with the ultimate goal of designing adjusted means of integration and management of patients with schizophrenia and with cognitive deficit.

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Ciało i piętno. Defloracja jako wytwarzanie kobiecości

Author(s): Anna Zawadzka / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2013

The paper offers an analysis of the cultural meanings of the bodily attributes and practices related to virginity and defloration; the most important are “bloodstains” (a sign of the loss of virginity) and “penetration” (regarded as the only “true” form of sexual intercourse). The obligation to present the defloration and the shame that accompanies it are the vantage point to the analysis of the forms of stigmatizing femininity. A deconstruction of the meanings acquired by penetration led me to a conclusion that the cause-effect relation between gender and culturally defined sexual practices (including sexual orientation) is not only inseparable, but also different than it has usually been thought. It is not the gender that determines an individual’s sexuality, but the culturally imposed sexual practices build the gender.

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