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The distinctive contribution of psychology to the art of conducting

Author(s): Theodora Pavlovitch / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The profound complexity of conducting as a human activity is attracting increased interest from psychologists. Scientific investigations, and reflections by conductors themselves are now widely available in the form of monographs, articles in academic journals, and interviews. This paper interrogates the significance of the conductor’s artistic personality, his relationship with composers on the one hand and musical ensembles on the other, and their expressive consequences for listeners.

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Karanlık Üçlü’nün İnsan Cinselliği Üzerine Etkileri

Author(s): Ece E. Müezzin,Zihniye Okray / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2021

The dark triad in psychology includes personality traits of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. These personality traits are called “dark” because of their bad qualities. Psychopathic, narcissistic, Machiavellian, and sadistic traits make up the dark tetrad of personality traits. Health Organization, while making statements covering issues such as sexuality, gender identity/roles, sexual pleasure, establishing close relationships and reproduction, also includes some factors that affect these concepts. These elements include environmental, social, cultural, economic, religious, historical and legal factors as well as biological and psychological factors. This study, which has been conducted with a systematic review method, aims to determine what effects the dark triad and the dark tetrad have on sexuality by bringing together the studies of the dark triad and the dark tetrad on sexuality and sexuality related topics. As a result, it was found that the dark triad and the dark tetrad are reflected in people’s professional, social, educational, even romantic relationships, sexual behaviors, as shown in many previous studies, and are associated with rape myths, short-term relationships, partner selection and romantic relationships utilitarianism.

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Lise Öğrencisi Ergenlerde Travma Sonrası Stres Belirtileri ve İlişkili Faktörler

Author(s): Ömer Faruk Baştuğ,Hülya Arslantaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

This study was conducted to determine post-traumatic stress symptoms and related factors in high school student adolescents living in a county in Southeast Anatolia. The study used a cross-sectional design. The population of the study consisted of 9522 students, and the sample included 459 students from 10 high schools. A Descriptive Information Form, Post-Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, Beck Depression Scale, and Ways of Coping Questionnaire were used to collect the study data. The findings indicated that that 57.7% (n=202) of the participants were at the age of 15 or younger and that 64.2% (n=251) were female. According to the study, 87.2% (n=341) of the students had symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There was a statistically significant difference between the students' depression symptoms and PTSD symptoms. A significant difference was found between students' ways of coping with stress and symptoms of PTSD only in terms of the helplessness approach style. It was determined that nine out of ten students experienced symptoms of PTSD, depression symptoms increased as the symptoms of PTSD increased, and that the students used the helplessness approach to cope with stress. These results are important in terms of planning preventive mental health services to be offered in the region.

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Антропологија и дубинска психологија Ф. М. Достојевског

Author(s): Žarko Trebješanin / Language(s): Serbian Issue: Spec./2022

Dostoevsky is a passionate researcher of human nature in boundary situations such as mental crises, mental disorders, mystical experiences. His life-intoxicated heroes through repentance, illness, pain and suffering come to the deepest psychological insights. According to Dostoevsky, man is a divided, ”crucified”, unhappy and tragic creature. He is a rational, but even more irrational creature, ruled by dark, (self-)destructive, unreflected forces. The most important and most painful question that Dostoevsky actually pose in his works is the ”cursed question” of human freedom, which is a blessing, but also a curse. Filled with anxiety and weak, a man often longs for security and therefore hurries to get rid of that ”terrible burden” and to find someone to whom he will obey, to whom he will hand over this ”unfortunate gift” of freedom. Fromm’s Escape from Freedom, which discusses the human nature-related basis of Nazism and the mechanisms of escape from freedom, is inspired by Dostoevsky’s ideas.

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Anne Davranış Ölçeği ve Anne-Ergen İlişki Niteliği Ölçeği: Ergen ve Anne Formlarının Psikometrik Özelliklerinin Sınanması

Author(s): Ayşen Güre,Aysun Ergül Topçu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 25/2022

This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Parenting Behavior Questionnaire which was developed to measure parenting behavior directed from parents to child and the Quality of Parent-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire which was developed to measure the quality of bidirectional relationship between parents and children (Wissink et al., 2006). The original scales based on adolescent reporting were rearranged in line with the suggestions of the researchers who developed the original scale, in a way that permitted adolescents’ evaluation of their parents separately and mothers’ self-evaluation. Thus, we examined the validity and reliability of four different forms including the Mother Behavior Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (MBQ-A), the Quality of Mother-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire-Adolescent Form (QMARQ-A), the Mother Behavior Questionnaire-Mother Form (MBQ-M), the Quality of Mother-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire-Mother Form (QMARQ-M). The study was conducted in independent samples with 1033 students aged 11-17 (Mean age = 14.01, SD = 1.75) and 465 mothers (Mean age = 44.14, SD = 5.72) with children aged 11-17. The results of the exploratory factor analysis performed to examine the construct validity of the scales showed that the factor structures of all scales were consistent with the original scales. In addition, the Youth Self Report (YSR 11-18) was used to determine the criterion validity of the scales and it was seen that the relationships examined were significant and expected. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the sub-dimensions of the scales ranged from .81 to .91. Findings show that the validity and reliability of the adolescents and mothers' forms of MBQ and QMARQ are at a sufficient and acceptable level.

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DEZORIJENTIRANI PSIHOLOŠKO NESTABILNI LIKOVI KROZ MONOLOŠKO-ASOCIJATIVNE ELEMENTE U DJELIMA DOSTOJEVSKOG

Author(s): Lejla Beganović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2022

The focus of this paper is unusual, disoriented, often psychologically unstable characters, for they represent the layer of society where emotional instability and immaturity, the desire for personal domination and the desire for liberation from all moral and social shackles are evident. The paper shows that, in addition to the characteristics specific to the characters of realism, Dostoevsky, using monological-associative elements, introduces new procedures for creating characters, specific to modernism. In this regard, the paper reconstructs the ideological understanding of Russian society and the conditions in which Dostoevsky examines ideology and spirituality of human beings through monologue-associative elements.

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ZAŠTO SVAJPAMO NA TINDERU? PSIHOLOŠKI KORELATI UPORABE TINDERA

Author(s): Luka Stanić,Marina Ajduković,Ines REZO BAGARIĆ / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/2022

Using apps like Tinder is becoming increasingly popular, especially among youth. Although there is an increase in Tinder use, only a few studies have addressed the motives for using Tinder and the problematic use of Tinder. This study aims to examine the frequency of use and motives for the use of Tinder among young people and to examine the predictors of problematic use of Tinder. The research was conducted online, and the following measuring instruments were used: Tinder Use Motivation Scale, Problematic Tinder Use Scale and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale. Participants (N = 191; F = 75.3%; Mage = 23.14, SDage = 2.779) stated that their most common reason for using Tinder is boredom, looking for an intimate partner, looking for a sexual partner, and finally improving self-esteem. The results on this sample show that women spend more time on Tinder than men, and men are more likely to look for a sexual partner than women. Participants who express a higher level of need for relatedness frustration, use Tinder to find an intimate partner or raise self-confidence, access it more frequently and spend more time on Tinder, show a higher level of problematic use of Tinder.

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IL BENESSERE SOGGETTIVO COME INTERAZIONE TRA INDIVIDUO E CONTESTO

Author(s): Maria Belea / Language(s): Italian Issue: 3/2022

Using the perspective of health psychology, the present paper highlights subjective (emotional) well-being is a dynamic construct, resulting from the interaction between internal, individual factors (including how individuals perceive and interpret the world) and the social context in which individuals live and act. Consequently, the way in which the individual adapts to new events and the dimensions of the quality of life depend on a number of factors, such as: cognitive processes, the individual’s temperament and personality, personal values and goals, including spiritual values and involvement in activities that give meaning to life, as well as factors related to the social and cultural context in which the individual lives, the social roles he or she fills, the relationships and social support available to him or her, factors whose influence we will examine in this study.

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TEACHER- STUDENT RELATIONSHIP AND ITS IMPLICATION IN THE LEARNING PLAN - SHORT LECTURE

Author(s): Andrei Baciu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The relationship between teacher and student is truly one of the most important components of the educational process, because the interaction of this binomial provides the framework for the development of society, due to the transformation of the personality of the student and the teacher. The influences are manifested by each on the other, there is a wide dynamism between the two educational actors. This fact denotes the sine qua non-character of studying and improving this type of educational relationship, in order to improve the educational processes.

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Psychological Aspects of Professional Development: Through the Eyes of Students and Professors

Author(s): Olesia Stoliarchuk,Olena Kokhanova,Olena Sorokina,Oksana Serhieienkova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article reveals the psychological aspects of the professional development of a future specialist and presents the results of an empirical study. The empirical study is focused on the analysis of the content of reflection by professors and students of the psychological characteristics of the professional formation of a future specialist. The ascertaining study covered 589 Ukrainian students of course years from 1 to 6 (future psychologists, teachers, lawyers) and 487 Ukrainian professors. The following methods were used: survey, calculation of average values, ranking and comparative analysis. The content of the survey was identical for both samples of respondents and assumed the subsequent comparison and analysis of the answers of students and professors. The study made it possible to establish the similarity of reflection by professors and students of types and factors of professional formation of future specialists. At the same time, a number of differences were identified in matters of motivation for professional choice, priority areas for becoming a professional, determinants of success, and obstacles to the professional formation of future specialists. The identified differences in the reflection of professors and students of the psychological characteristics of the formation of a professional expressively indicate gaps in the awareness of higher education professors and the average level of their competence regarding this issue. The empirical data obtained, including questionnaires as an effective diagnostic tool, can be used to improve the psychological competence of professors in order to improve the quality of their support for the professional formation of students.

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Study on the Contribution of the Dancesport in Enhancing the Quality of Life in Visually Impaired Children

Author(s): Valentin Claudiu Luca,Liliana Mihăilescu / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

This study aims at providing scientific arguments regarding the dancesport contribution in enhancing the quality of life of visually impaired children. Thus, a series of bio-motor tests and assessments (push-ups, squats, sit-ups, back extensions, trunk flexion while sitting and the Matorin test), psychological assessments (the Anxiety Test and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory Test), as well as a series of anthropometric measurements (height, weight and arm span) and postural observations were performed on 30 pupils attending the Special Secondary School for the Visually Impaired in Bucharest (RO: Şcoala Gimnazială Specială pentru Deficienţi de Vedere). 15 of them attended the dancesport classes organised at school for one year.At the end of this period, the previously applied tests and performed measures were taken again, and the initial and final results were compared, while analysing the impact that the implementation of the elaborated teaching strategy had on the experimental group compared to the control group. In order to check the statistical significance between the initial testing and the final one, the Wilcoxon test and the Student’s T-test were employed. Thus, the conclusion could be drawn that attending the dancesport classes had a major influence on the visually impaired pupils’ bio-motor and psychological evolution, since statistically significant differences were recorded in most of the applied tests and assessments. The differences encountered in the control group were much smaller, and statistically and mathematically non-significant.

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Effective Decision-Making for Extreme Situations in Sports Coaching

Author(s): Borys Maksymchuk,Dmytro Pohrebniak,Ihor Roshchin,Andriy Drachuk,Viktor Romanenko,Vasyl Ovcharuk,Vira Ovcharuk,Iryna Maksymchuk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The study examines the features of the professional activities of sports coaches. As this profession involves experiencing extreme situations, uncertainty, risk, time pressure and critical choices that affect a person's emotional state, hindering his rational thinking, and eventually a person may lose control of the situation, it is important to identify basic measures to normalize the relevant professional activities. The relevance of the study is due to the need to form professional competence in the activities of a sports coach, which is associated with physical training and direct responsibility for the health and sometimes the lives of their athletes. In order to understand the behavioral aspect in extreme situations that occur in sports training, the basic theoretical principles of sports coaches 'response to extreme situations were considered, researchers' conclusions on the behavior of sports coaches were analyzed and effective approaches to decision-making by coaches in extreme conditions were identified. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis and synthesis, descriptive method and content analysis method were used. The results of the study became the basis for determining the conceptual basis for the effectiveness of decision-making by coaches in extreme situations.

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Self-criticism and self-compassion as mediators of the relationship between alexithymia and postpartum depressive symptoms

Author(s): Ana-Maria Andrei,Rebecca Webb,Violeta Enea / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Postpartum depression (PPD) is common after birth and can have a profound effect on women and their families. It is therefore important to understand the conditions and factors that lead to the occurrence and maintenance of PPD. The first aim of the current study was to identify whether there is a relationship between alexithymia and postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) in a sample of Romanian mothers. The second aim was to explore whether self-criticism and self-compassion mediate the relationship between alexithymia and PPDS. The current cross-sectional study included 307 mothers with babies aged between four weeks and one year. The results show that alexithymia, self-compassion, self-criticism, PPDS all correlated with one another, and self-criticism, self-compassion and alexithymia are significant predictors of PPDS. Moreover, self-criticism and self-compassion mediated the relationship between alexithymia and PPDS. A psychological therapy that increases self-compassion and reduces alexithymia and self-criticism may be beneficial for preventing symptoms of PPD.

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Dark, dissatisfied and disengaged: Propensity towards marital infidelity, the dark triad, marital satisfaction and the mediating role of moral disengagement

Author(s): Carmen Gabriela Lișman,Andrei Corneliu Holman / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Past research found various immoral conducts that people with higher levels of the Dark Triad traits are more inclined to engage in, including infidelity. Marital dissatisfaction has also emerged as a factor of unfaithful behaviors. However, the psychological dynamics of the effects of these personality and relational factors on infidelity are less clear. This study examined the potential mediational role of the use of moral disengagement strategies for justifying infidelity in the relationships between the Dark Triad traits and marital satisfaction, on the one hand, and the tendency towards unfaithful behaviors, on the other, in married participants (N = 241). Results indicate that psychopathy, narcissism and marital dissatisfaction are related to stronger tendencies towards infidelity, and that these effects are partially (in the case of psychopathy and marital dissatisfaction) or totally (in the case of narcissism) mediated by the tendency to morally justify unfaithful acts. No unique direct or indirect effect of Machiavellianism emerged as significant, while men were found to be more inclined towards unfaithful conduct. These findings highlight the importance of the skewed and self-lenient moral judgments fostered by the Dark Triad traits and marital dissatisfaction, which legitimize one’s infidelity and thus renders it more likely.

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Emotional Intelligence in the Context of Personal Dispositions Development of Students - Future Psychologists

Author(s): Halyna Chuykoa,Tetiana Koltunovych,Yan Chaplak / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article is connected with a theoretical analysis of the emotional intelligence and empirical studies of the development of emotional intelligence in the context of personal dispositions of students future psychologists (n=84). The following methods were used in the empirical study: EQ test K. Barchard, «Diagnosis of emotional intelligence» (N. Hall), «Questionnaire SVF120» (V. Yanke, G. Erdmann, adaptation N. Vodopjanova), «Methods of diagnosing viability» (S. Muddy, adaptation D. Leontiev), «Oxford Happiness Inventory», «Diagnosis of emotionality» (Suvorov, 1976), «Questionnaire Machiavellianism of the individual». Mathematical data processing and graphical representation of the results were performed using the statistical package SPSS 17.0. It is noted that the real impetus for the emergence of the concept of EI in science were the works of G. Gardner and his theory of multiple intelligences. The basic models of ЕІ and the author’s interpretation of this concept are analyzed, which leads to the conclusion: the integrated understanding of this phenomenon by psychologists is still absent, the main definition of the concept of EI is often a list and description of its components, and the main justification for its importance is a list of those areas of life where the role of EI is most obvious.

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Training of Early Childhood Teachers to Develop Socio-Emotional Skills in Pre-Schoolers

Author(s): Laura-Elena Ciolan,Daniela Mihaela Florescu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

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Законът за движението и метафората на gemeinschaftsgefühl (чувство за общност): Каква е същността на закона на движението?

Author(s): Marina Bluvshtein / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Тhe article shares ideas about concepts of Adlerian psychology related to the psychological movement of an individual and as a part of the community. The author looks through the important ways metaphors enrich our communication and allow a holistic way of experiencing our movement. The concept of Gemeinschaftsgefühl being at “the heart” of our movement and our ways of overcoming obstacles and challenges. Understanding the patterns, learning about our goals and the choice we have within the natural movement is pivotal to human development.

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Cognitive dissonance and its relationship to emotional intelligence

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Cognitive dissonance and its relationship to emotional intelligence

Author(s): Omar Atallah Al-Adamat,Adnan Yousef Atoum / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

The current study aimed to identify the level of cognitive dissonance among students of Al al-Bayt University in Jordan in terms of gender, academic specialization and level, and to reveal the predictive ability of emotional intelligence for cognitive dissonance. The study sample consisted of 235 male and female students from Al al-Bayt University. The Cognitive Dissonance Scale (Al-Adamat & Atoum, 2022) and the Emotional Intelligence Scale (Al-Alwan, 2011) were used to collect the data. The findings of this study indicated that the level of cognitive dissonance was average. Statistically significant differences were identified in the level of cognitive dissonance in terms of gender, higher scores being reported by males. Also, there were significant differences in terms of academic specialization, in the favor of humanities major, and academic level, in the favor of the second, third and fourth year students. In addition, findings revealed that emotional intelligence explained 9.3% of the cognitive dissonance variance

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Домашно насилие, семейни отношения и проблемно поведение в детска и в юношеска възраст

Author(s): Petar Neshev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The article examines the causes of domestic violence and the relationship between family relationships and problematic behavior in childhood and adolescence. The influence of different types of parenting models on child development is presented. The symptoms of the dysfunctional family are indicated. Domestic violence and faulty parenting patterns can lead children and adolescents to traumatic experiences and sufferers should be given support and professional help. The psychological specificity of different types of family relationships has been revealed. In family relationships with prevailing manipulation, authoritarianism and alienation, children exhibit problematic behavior. Problem behavior in childhood and adolescence can be perceived as a form of protest against the lack of attention on the part of parents. In cases of disharmonious family relation, children experience dissatisfaction in interpersonal interactions, the sense of meaning in life decreases, social isolation increases. The serious consequences for the psyche, behavior and experiences of the child and adolescent living in dysfunctional families require the professional support and empathy of school psychologists. Through timely quality pedagogical and psychological help, children and adolescents will be able to overcome problems in their development that personal growth.

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Service Employees’ Expressions of Emotions in Restaurants: A Transcendental Phenomenology Study

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Service Employees’ Expressions of Emotions in Restaurants: A Transcendental Phenomenology Study

Author(s): Mohammad Shahidul Islam,Fariba Azizzadeh,Sebastian Zupok,Hassan Babapour,Janusz Soboń,Joanna Rogozińska-Mitrut,Aziz Hosseini,Lawrence Jones-Esan / Language(s): English Issue: 6(62)/2022

As a topic, nonverbal communication (e.g., expressions of emotions) remains inadequately focused on tourism and hospitality research. Its qualitative significance in service encounters is also virtually unexplored. Given the importance of employees' display of affective characteristics as vivid outcomes of nonverbal communication, i.e., responsiveness, friendliness, trustworthiness, competence, and compassion toward customers, the current study aims to explore customers' experiences toward nonverbal communication of employees during service encounters. By using transcendental phenomenology as a methodological framework, the study resorted to in-depth interviews with 13 customers, representing different nationalities, with whom the study found nonverbal communication as expressions of "body signal, mood, icon, marketing aids, mind changer and anything unspoken" that are conceived quickly and make customers feel welcome and comfortable. The study also found realistic experiences that customers could take their meals at home; they visited the restaurant for having different experiences: refreshment and relaxation while dining. In that emotional situation, they expected favourable nonverbal behaviour instead of a worried face, ignorance, mouse on the floor. The discussion of results is carried out concerning the characteristics of nonverbal communication and the theory of emotional contagion.

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