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Psychoanalýza a neurovědy: Freudova teorie snů ve světle moderního vědeckého výzkumu dle Marka Solmse a perspektivy psychoanalýzy v neurovědeckém světě podle Erica Kandela

Author(s): Radan Březina / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2014

Freud predicted the future integration of psychoanalysis and neurobiological research of the human mind. Some psychoanalysts and neuroscientists think that the time for reintegration is coming now. Neuropsychoanalyst, Mark Solms, tries to verify psychoanalytical theories – here the theory of dreams – by modern neuroscientific methods. Neuroscientist, Eric Kandel, features aims for psychoanalysis, which are unvoidable for integration into neuroscience.

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Levels of Information in Human DNA, Body Structures, Personality and Free Will (I)

Author(s): Hristo Gagov / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2022

DNA information linked to its coding, regulatory and structural regions and their connection with biological structures and functions are discussed, as well as the organization levels, namely molecular, organellar, cellular, tissular, organic, and organismic, which realize this information. Furthermore, the role of DNA in changes during human growth and development is reviewed. The direct or indirect connection of emotions, motivations, habits, character, personal worldview and behaviour with DNA is also commented on. Finally, the determinism of personal choice or its lack, and the influence of drug abuse and psychological dependencies are discussed.

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Выполнение слухоречевых проб школьниками с трудностями в обучении

Author(s): O. A. Velichenkova,V. G. Guseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-2/2022

This article describes the results of an attempt to examine the auditory and speech abilities of children with learning difficulties using online tests. A total of 307 children (1 to 7 graders), all facing problems while writing and reading, took part in the experiment. The consistency of auditory and speech tests performed during the neuropsychological and speech therapy practices was analyzed. The following tests were selected: memorizing 10 words, repeating syllables with oppositional consonants, and repeating desemanticized stimuli (nonwords). The results of the correlation analysis proved that the tests are consistent: there was a significant bond between the success of repeating nonwords, syllables, and memorizing 10 words. We also considered how different age groups of children with learning difficulties performed in the tests. Further prospects for studying the revealed patterns were outlined.

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Investigation of the Relationship of Self-Efficacy, Self-Regulation and Metacognitive Awareness with Academic Performance through Artificial Neural Networks

Author(s): Enis Harun Başer,Samet Demir / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Metacognition is defined as individuals having knowledge and control over their own cognitive systems. Self-efficacy for teacher candidates is defined as a teacher's belief in the capacity or ability of his students to create the desired learning outcomes. Self-regulatory learning, on the other hand, is defined as thoughts, feelings and actions that are planned and applied cyclically to achieve an individual goal. In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between self-efficacy, self-regulation and metacognitive awareness scores and academic performance. In other studies, in the relevant literature, the relationship between academic performance and three variables, whose relationship with academic performance is examined separately, will be examined as a whole. At the same time, it will be checked whether there is a significant difference between the groups in three variable scores according to various variables. Since the aim of the research is to examine the relationship between the factors affecting the self-efficacy, self-regulation and metacognitive awareness scores of teacher candidates and the variables in question and academic performance, the relational screening model suitable for these purposes was used. The population of the research consists of teacher candidates studying in the 2022-2023 academic year at the faculty of education at a state university in the Aegean Region. The appropriate sampling method was used for data collection. Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale adapted to Turkish by Çapa, Çakıroğlu and Sarıkaya (2005), Self-regulatory Learning Skills Scale developed by Turan (2009), and Metacognitive Awareness Scale developed by Fırat Durdukoca and Arıbaş (2019) were used as data collection tools. As a result of the research, no significant difference was found in the variables of gender, department, quality of the family residence. It was determined that there was no significant relationship between family and student income variables and scale scores. In the class variable, it was found that there was a significant difference in favor of upper classes according to the three scale scores. In addition, it was determined that the three scale scores explained 47% of the total variance in academic performance..

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Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Çocukluk Çağı Travmaları, Aleksitimi ve Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Author(s): Büşra Akpınar,Zeynep Gümüş Demir / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 26/2022

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between childhood traumas, alexithymia and difficulty in emotion regulation in university students. Relational screening model was used in the research. The sample group of the study consists of 351 university students. 83.5% of the participants (n = 293) were women and 16.5% (n = 63) were men. Informed Voluntary Consent Form, Socio-demographic Information Form, Childhood Trauma Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Emotion Regulation Scale Short-Form were administered to the participants. Data collection was carried out online (Google Forms) through convenient sampling. Spearman Correlation Analysis and Simple Linear Regression Analysis were performed to examine the relationship and effect between non-parametric tests and socio-demographic characteristics, childhood traumas, alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulties, by looking at the normality curves in the data analysis. As a result of the research findings, a significant and positive relationship was found between the childhood traumas, alexithymia and emotion regulation difficulties of university students. In addition, it was determined that male individuals are more alexithymic than females, females are exposed to sexual abuse more than males, 24-25 age group has more difficulty in emotion regulation, and the rate of emotion regulation and alexithymia is low in the presence of a romantic relationship. It is thought that this study can contribute to the relevant literature. It is thought that the results obtained from the study will contribute to the field of clinical practice and the relevant literature.

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Въздействие на различни типове сетивност върху музикалното възприятие

Author(s): Dimitar Damyanov D. / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

Imagery and emotionality – the foundations of artistic musical perception, have been in the focus of various research studies for decades now – empirical and theoretical, musical and psychological, neurophysiological, analytical, pedagogical and methodological, music-therapeutic. Perception and, in direct connection with it, apperception, are involved in the formation of imagery, they saturate it with semantic emotional substance and enrich the musical and artistic worldview. Under certain conditions, through the receipt of a purposefully selected information flow in the form of sensory influences, the musical perception could be influenced, while at the same time developing the continuously functioning process of musical thinking.

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Когато невронауката срещне образованието

Author(s): Elitza Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Educational neuroscience is a research field that seeks to translate research findings on neural mechanisms of learning to educational practice and policy and to understand the effects of education on the brain. The article looks at the systematic application of the new neuro-didactic principles as a guarantee for a successful and motivated classroom.

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Horticultural Therapy Course as an Educational-Therapeutic Tool of Rehabilitation for Individuals with MSDs

Author(s): Iryna Sarancha,Mikhaylo Kovinko,Borys Maksymchuk,Halyna Tarasenko,Sergey Kharchenko,Iryna Demchenko,Sofiia Dovbnia,Liliia Rudenko,Olesia Symkanych,Tetiana Martyniuk,Valentyna Bilan,Iryna Maksymchuk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The article presents the authors’ course “Horticultural Therapy”, which includes various activities related to the interaction with flora and its images. Evidence suggests that Ukrainian discourse lacks methodical materials on horticultural therapy and, thus, requires methods that can contribute to developing the skills of conscious psychological separation from constant parental care, taking responsibility for their lives, setting real-life goals and destroying the position of helplessness in individuals with MSDs. The article aims to theoretically justify, methodically develop and present the results from implementing the authors’ course “Horticultural Therapy” in rehabilitation centres. The authors’ methodical complex is based on the use of the following methods: analysis of theoretical and methodical sources; modelling of educational conditions and programmes; methods of implementing the didactic content in the educational-rehabilitational process; expert evaluation; statistical methods. The verification quasi-experiment of the modelled conditions for corrective learning has shown a significant increase in social skills in individuals with MSDs. Besides, findings confirm the increased levels of their independence, social and personal incentives, household and self-care skills. The international relevance of the article lies in the further development of nature-centric methods of corrective pedagogy, conductive pedagogy and non-medical treatment of CNS diseases, which is an important area of neurorehabilitation today.

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Correlation of Physical Indices with the Subjective Physiological and Neurophysiological Parameters of Health

Author(s): Ihor Hasiuk,Serhii Medynskyi,Volodymyr Saienko,Tetiana Biriukova,Nataliia Ivanikiv,Volodimir Yakovliv / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

In our work, we conducted research and analysis of the components of physical health of students of pedagogical specialties. To this end, the vital and strength indices, the Robinson and Rufier indices, and the height-to-weight ratio were determined. The article also confirms the hypothesis that the physical health and the neurophysiological (psychological) state are related and mutually determined, but not in the direct proportion, depending on the type of index and aspect of self-esteem. Specific results were obtained by comparing physical health indices with subjective feelings of psychological or neurophysiological discomfort. Data saturation and their analysis were conducted using the following methods: anthropometry; spirometry; dynamometry; tonometry; functional tests; mathematical and statistical analysis, as well as questionnaires developed by the authors of subjective assessment of their own condition, which were offered remotely. The research was performed on the basis of Khmelnytskyi Humanitarian-Pedagogical Academy at the Department of Physical Culture and Valeology. The experimental part was performed with the participation of students of 1-4 years of three specialties with a total of 118 people, of which 100 were girls and 18 were boys aged 17 to 21 years (region – Ukraine). The average sample values for girls of the Rufier, Robinson, and “strength” indexes were below average; “vital” and “height-to-weight” indices are defined at the average level. Averaged values for the sample for boys were the following: high are “strength” and “height-to-weight” levels; the Robinson index is low, and the Rufier and “vital” indices are below average. The international significance of the article lies in the fact that for the first time the objective and subjective health indices stated by the interviewers have been measured comparatively. The authors' original contribution is determined by unexpected results obtained by correlating physical indices with subjective physiological and neurophysiological health parameters in young boys and girls.

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Art Competitions as a Means of Students' Creative Growth

Author(s): Iryna Kondratenko,Tamara Skoryk,Nataliya Drozhzhina,Iryna Tsurkanenko / Language(s): English Issue: 4 Sup.1/2022

The article presents a theoretical analysis of art competitions as a means of creative development of individual abilities, in particular in the process of obtaining professional education. The article reflects the main theoretical and methodological approaches to determine essential features of the art competition in the context of organization, functional characteristics, the formation of professional competence in students. The types of art as an aspect of creating a competitive task are studied. The results of the study form an idea of the historical and cultural phenomenon of the formation of arts and the formation of the worldview of mankind, which is reflected in works of art that develop during the evolution of man. The relevance of the study is due to innovative approaches in the process of creating and displaying a work of art, in the context of the modern information society. In the course of the research the importance of holding an art competition was determined, the concepts and structural components were specified. Scientific publications are analyzed and the characteristic features of the art competition are determined. The article establishes the functions of education in the field of art, identifies the impact of education on students, the formation of their professional competence and values of art. In the course of the research the method of abstraction was used in the study of artistic bases of creative interpretation, a descriptive and research method, the method of analysis and synthesis in theoretical substantiation of the topic, characteristics of music and game activity. To determine the results of the study, the method of generalization and systematization was used. The results confirmed the importance of the art competition in shaping the creative growth of students.

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Neuro-Pedagogical Aspects of Forming the Professional Competence of Elementary School Teachers and Their Interaction with Students

Author(s): Olena Vasylivna Nikulochkina,Tetiana Teslenko,Oksana Kokhanko,Mariana Sevastiuk,Inna Yankovska,Liudmyla Teletska / Language(s): English Issue: 4 Sup.1/2022

It was found that the concept of modernization of Ukrainian education, especially primary education in the reform "New Ukrainian School", puts forward new social requirements for school education, requires the introduction of innovative learning technologies in the educational process, the basis of which is ultramodern teaching methodology, progressive didactic tools, psychological and neuro-pedagogical theories. Justified the use of innovative technologies as a means of forming professional competence, which is associated with a rejection of stereotypes in education, goes beyond existing standards of education and personal development of the student; creates new standards for personal, creative, individual focus of the teacher, allows the application of new neuro-pedagogical technologies. The most effective innovative methods of teaching and professional development of teachers of junior classes of the New Ukrainian school, created taking into account the achievements of neuro-pedagogy are highlighted, namely: game, problem-oriented, team-oriented, project-based methods, the portfolio method, information and communication technologies. Activation of cognitive activity of students, taking into account their individual neuro-didactic characteristics affecting the degree of their involvement in the educational process was investigated.

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The Relationship between Neuropedagogic Approaches and the Formation of Skills of Primary School Students

Author(s): Svetlana Vasilieva,Olga Reipolska,Svitlana Podoliuk,Iryna Sadova,Ruslana Danyliak,Anna Lozenko / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article analyzes the relationship between neuropedagogic approaches and the formation of skills of primary school students. Educational technology design potentially introduces another area of expertise and a new set of issues that require the integration of neuroscience, education, and technology concepts and insights. The educational process involves the implementation of a conceptual education system that begins with the child entering the first grade and ends with obtaining a qualification for a person. Therefore, studying involves an educational process, as a result of which certain competencies will be acquired. Thus, education will be effective for a person only when the degree of acquired competencies of the child at school, their value orientations and readiness for education are taken into account. So, in order to introduce effective education, we chose the direction of research on the study, analysis, justification of measures to increase the level of motivation of children to the educational process based on the conclusions of neuropedagogy. For the purpose of the study, the integration method of synthesis of the figurative structure was applied, for analysis on the theory and learning technology. Methods of synthesis in the pedagogical activity of the study can be traced on a number of educational technologies. The results of the study show that in general, neuropedagogic teaching technologies contribute to increasing motivation to learn among primary school children.

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Risk Factors in Depression and Anxiety Disorders from the Framework of Developmental Psychopathology

Author(s): Ceren Gökdağ,Rukiye Kızıltepe / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Depression and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders that negatively affect individuals’ life in many ways. Understanding how these highly comorbid emotional disorders develop and persist might guide prevention, intervention, and treatment studies. Some common vulnerability factors underlie depression and anxiety disorders. Developmental psychopathology deals with these vulnerabilities and risk factors from a lifetime perspective. The aim of this review is to present the risk factors associated with depression and anxiety from the perspective of developmental psychopathology. For this purpose, we discussed genetic and biological factors, temperament, negative childhood experiences, family and peer relationships, and some cognitive and emotional factors as risk factors. Also, we discussed how these risk factors lead to depression and anxiety disorders. This review emphasizes that some common transdiagnostic risk factors underlie emotional disorders and highlights the importance of a developmental psychopathology perspective to understand the developmental pathways of depression and anxiety disorders.

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Analýza kresby v kontexte vývinu dieťaťa s Aspergerovým syndrómom

Author(s): Barbora Kováčová,Zuzana Trefná / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2023

The paper describes the theoretical-research background oriented to the drawing of a child with autism spectrum disorder with a comparison of characteristics in the drawing of a child with intact development. Through analyses of drawings of a child with Asperger's syndrome, the authors present unique characteristics of drawing expression. They analyze 13 of the authors' drawings of a boy with Asperger's syndrome that were collected over a two-year period. Specifically, this was the developmental period of the boy with Asperger's syndrome when he began to be drawing active (4 years and 6 months) and at a marked progression in drawing representation (6 years and 7 months). The authors consider the qualitative assessment of drawings as a possible evaluative support for further research on the appreciation of drawings of children with autism spectrum disorder.

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THE COLORS OF THE DISEASE IN PATIENT CHILDREN

Author(s): Simona Olaru-Poşiar / Language(s): English Issue: 16/2019

When illness occurs in a child’s life there are at least six means of expressing it: behavioural, narrative, through writing- the so called narrative medicine or beyond narration, the artistic form of expression whether it is through painting, music or any other artistic self-expression feature, body language-theatrical, that could be assimilated with behavioural changes or means of self-expression and last but not least somatic, physical or the so called body-mind related changes. The article analyses the mother-child relationship when the child is confronted with the disease, as well as how the child reacts when confronted with external stimuli.

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ZASTOSOWANIE TRENINGU NEUROFEEDBACK W PRACY Z DZIEĆMI Z NIEPEŁNOSPRAWNOŚCIĄ INTELEKTUALNĄ W STOPNIU LEKKIM. PROJEKT PROCEDURY

Author(s): Weronika Rochatka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 61/2021

As a method of training neurofeedback has proved to be effective in education and therapy of children (e.g., with ADHD, autism spectrum or specific learning disorders). However, there are no neurofeedback training protocols targeting individuals with a mild intellectual disability. Therefore, I designed a neurofeedback procedure for children with this disability; it focuses on attention span training. In this study I presented the pre-planned procedure to the child’s parent to determine whether the proposed method is feasible for work with a child with a mild intellectual disability. After learning the parents’ opinion, I indicate the possible further stages of developing a neurofeedback strategy for working with children with a mild intellectual disability. Finally, I demonstrate the future directions of research and planning of neurofeedback procedures for individuals with special needs.

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Анализ на взаимовръзките между алекситимия, емпатия и психичното благополучие

Author(s): Ivanka Asenova,Nedyalka Filipova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 14/2022

This study examines the relationships between alexithymia, empathy and psychological well-being, as well as the influence of demographic factors such as gender, age, education, marital status and employment status on the levels of these personality characteristics. For thе purpose, a non-clinical sample of Bulgarian adults (65 individuals aged 20-60 years) were examined through three self-assessment questionnaires: the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20, the Heubeck and Neill’s Mental Health Inventory and the Yusupov’s test for empathic potential. The results showed a significant negative correlation between psychological well-being and alexithymia and between alexithymia and empathy, and a significant positive correlation between psychological well-being and empathy. Regarding the effect of demographic factors, only psychological well-being was significantly influenced by age, close to significantly influenced by employment status, and weakly influenced by level of education.

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The Development of Assertiveness of the Individual as a Subject of Communication

Author(s): Leonid Nikolaiev,Svitlana Herasina,Olena Hrechanovska,Olha Vlasenko,Serhii Skliarenko,Kateryna Hrande / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The problem of socialization of the younger generation in general and the development of assertiveness of the individual as a subject of communication, in particular, becomes especially relevant against the background of radical changes in social, political and economic life. The immaturity of the individual's ability to set and implement their own goals and aspirations leads to dissatisfaction with life, the emergence of social fear. Considering the development of assertiveness in neuropsychology, the emphasis is on working with the behavioral and motivational-value range of the individual, which indicates the difficulty of differentiating manifestations of self-confidence and aggressiveness. For the development of confident personality behavior, numerous psychological programs of active social psychological training offer trainings. The purpose is to theoretically identify and empirically investigate the neuropsychological features of the development of assertiveness of adolescents in a children's health institution and secondary school, diagnose neuropsychological factors and present the most pronounced individual psychological qualities of adolescents, which should be identified as psychological reasons that determine the development of assertiveness in adolescence. At different stages of the empirical study, a number of psychodiagnostic techniques were used: the questionnaire "Diagnosis of the assertiveness level"; methods of diagnostics of basic values; SOINT questionnaire; associative experiment with the following procedure of subjective scaling; colour test of relations, test-questionnaire "Emotional orientation"; level of subjective control; personal questionnaire of R. Kettell.

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An Integrative Perspective on Understanding Human Functioning: Positive Clinical Psychology

Author(s): Özlem Öztürk,Zeynep Maçkalı / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

The number of studies conducted with a holistic perspective as an alternative to the traditional clinical psychology approach has increased. It is noteworthy that studies examine the effects of positive concepts on human health in addition to discomfort. In this study, it was aimed to examine four concepts that are frequently researched in positive psychology, namely well-being, psychological resilience, hope and coping in an integrative context. Also, it was aimed to give information about the positive clinical psychology approach and the studies which investigate these four positive concepts. Studies were searched through PsycARTICLE, EBSCO and Pubmed electronic databases. Totally 208 studies were reached and 26 articles were included in this review article. As a result, the effective results in treatment of psychological disorders and increase of well-being of an individual with positive psychology interventions suggest that it is important to expand the positive perspective in clinical psychology. It is thought that it may be clinically important that the presence/increase of positive concepts as well as the absence/decrease of psychopathologies should be one of the treatment targets of mental health specialists. It is hoped that adopting an integrative perspective in future studies will enrich empirical research in the field of psychotherapy.

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Avatar Therapy Model and Ethical Principles in the Treatment of Auditory Hallucinations in Patients with Schizophrenia

Author(s): Zeynep Özerol,Sezin Andic / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating mental disorders. Auditory hallucinations, which are known to be closely related to interpersonal relationships, are the most common type of hallucinations observed in the course of schizophrenia. Virtual reality has been developing in various fields with the development of computerized technologies and has started to appear in the field of clinical psychology in the form of virtual reality therapies. Avatar therapy is among the interpersonal-based virtual reality therapy models that focus on auditory hallucinations among the symptoms of schizophrenia. The aim of avatar therapy is to enable the person to have control over auditory hallucinations. Within the scope of this review study; the past, present and future of schizophrenia treatment, effective intervention methods in the treatment of schizophrenia, virtual reality therapy, the main outlines of the avatar therapy model, the effectiveness studies of avatar therapy and ethical issues were discussed. The results of the research on the effectiveness of avatar therapy reveal the need for further research in this field.

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