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Between emotion, imagination and cognition: Play as a hybrid neuro-evolutionary concept in bridging Saussure, Hegel and Alexander von Humboldt

Author(s): Jui-Pi Chien / Language(s): English Issue: 2-3/2015

This study seeks to discover hidden links between Saussure’s Third Course of Lectures on General Linguistics, Hegel’s Introductory Lectures on Aesthetics / Philosophy of Mind and Alexander von Humboldt’s Cosmos. To begin with, the notion of play is employed to examine the interplay between our emotion, imagination and cognition, and to examine how such a composite of faculties serves to unify conceptualizations of communicationmodelling systems, philosophical hermeneutics and moral psychology in our times. At discovering a certain future-oriented and symbiotic scheme of time implied in these theories, the inquiry moves on to engage with certain perspectives on the evolution of our verbal and nonverbal capacities.

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Motoričke i funkcionalne sposobnosti alpskih skijaša s mentalnom retardacijom pod utjecajem treninga

Author(s): Bojan Matković,Vladimir Janković,Damir Knjaz / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate motor and functional abilities, and their changes upon the influence of training, of boys with mental retardation who participated in winter World Special Olympic Games 2001. The results were compared with their coevals with mental retardation who were not engaged in sport activities and with the skiers without disabilities. Eighteen boys, at the age of 14 to 17, classified as moderately mentally retarded were tested before and after a 9-week exercise program. Supervised optional training sessions on snow were held 6 days per week for four hours a day. Before and after the training program next tests were measured: standing long jump, vertical jump,20 m sprint, sit and reach test, side steps, polygon backward, and Astrand test for prediction of aerobic capacity. The obtained results were submitted to the standard statistical methods to determine descriptive parameters and MANOVA was used to analyze the differences. The skiers with mental retardation were better than their coevals who were not included in any sport program. Compared with the skiers without mental retardation they had significantly lower results in all items, pre- as well as post 9 weeks under the training program. Analysis of variance showed that the training produced significant increases in oxygen uptake, explosive strength, flexibility, agility and anaeroic endurance.

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Dezvoltarea abilităților de comunicare la elevii cu dizabilități intelectuale

Author(s): Simona Rodica Abrudan,Ioana Delia Țîrlea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2020

This article presents the importance of the constant use of a programme based on the reading of images in the activities of language therapy for the development of communication skills in students with intellectual disabilities.The first part of the paper presents the particularities of the students with intellectual disability, respectively the particularities of the language and the communication, as well as implications in the educational process. The second part illustrates the analysis of the data obtained as a result of the implementation of the reading program after images in the activities of speech disorder therapy. The objectives, hypothesis and expected results are described. The design of the study is based on the final results with the initial outcomes after the intervention programme was applied. The data obtained show that the activities determines positive effects in the development of communication skills, the use of a richer vocabulary, the more complex expression.

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Czy mózg może przeszkadzać w nauce języka obcego? Neurolingwistyczna i neurokognitywna reprezentacja negatywnych emocji

Author(s): Małgorzata Szupica-Pyrzanowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

Speaking anxiety is a fact. Although it is real, speaking anxiety is not always properly acknowledged or recognized by foreign language teachers. Consequently, negative emotions, manifested physiologically and cognitively, impede the process of foreign language learning. The article provides insights into neurolinguistic and neurocognitive representations of negative emotions experienced by language learners. The aim of the article is to raise teachers’ awareness about the negative impact of (debilitative) speaking anxiety on learning outcomes. Ultimately, teachers are advised to take preventive measures that would help facilitate foreign language acquisition, design brain-friendly language curricula, and create an emotionally safe learning environment.

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Aposiopesis albo figury myśli w dobie ucieleśnionego umysłu

Author(s): Aneta Grodecka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2018

The Author is interested in the states of becoming silent, discontinuing one’s utterance, which are associated with certain mechanisms of the functioning of the brain, as well as in the observation of such states in different artistic disciplines. Looking for an answer to the question how aposiopesis operates in words, sounds, and images, she analyzes pieces of music, poems (Zbigniew Herbert’s Pora), and examples of visual arts (Wojciech Pakmur’s paintings of the tango). In her reconstruction of the research field, the Author refers to rhetoric ( Jerzy Ziomek, Seweryna Wysłouch), the philosophy of language (Michel Foucault, Jean-François Lyotard), and neurophenomenology. The aim of the article is to suggest a new mode of reading that seeks inspiration and language in works from the field of neuropsychology (Maria Pąchalska), hermeneutic phenomenology (Mark Johnson), or neurology (António Damásio, Oliver Sacks). The Author’s analyses refer to Raoul Schrott and Arthur Jacobs’s concept (Gehirn und Gedicht, 2011), and the conclusions confirm that one should not look for a model (pattern) in the reception of art, but describe mental processes.

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Cabanis: między medycyną, rewolucją i filozofią

Author(s): Tomasz Chomiszczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2018

The article is concerned with quite forgotten character and work of Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis, a physician and philosopher, but also a strong supporter of the French Revolution from the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. His main scientific opus was the dissertation On the relations between the physical and moral aspects of man (Rapports du physique et du moral de l’homme) first published in 1802 and then repeatedly resumed in the 19th century, but virtually unknown in Poland. His medical points of view originally corresponded with materialistic philosophy; however, they also took into account the role of the spiritual and mental aspects of a human – this “biological, thinking mechanism”, as Cabanis thought. An important role in his book was played by theories related to sensualism. Using modern terms, Cabanis created something like physiological psychology. According to him, the body, or more precisely its organs, take part in the creation of human thoughts which seem to be only the physiological result of brain perception. This classic work was often invoked by successive generations of doctors and thinkers; it even appeared in artistic prose. Cabanis himself has had a fixed position in research and scientific studies for over two centuries.

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The Sophia Republic: The Special Theory of Education

Author(s): Oleg Bazaluk / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

The article explores education as a policy, as a power that moulds in a man “the correctness of the gaze.” A theory that we have called the special theory of education reveals the first image of education. The special theory of education considers education as a moulding matrix. The matrix consists of sets of special impact technologies by means of which it liberates the truths of the Dasein being’s experience hidden in the arete existentials. The special theory examines the Sophia Republic policy, i.e., the power that regulates the ontological orientation and limits of self-realization of Dasein-mentalityabout’s being in accordance with the absolutized idea, ideal and values of “Those Who Transform the Universe.”

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"Mislim, realno, tko voli školu?": Iskustvo školovanja osnovnoškolskih dječaka s ADHD-om

Author(s): Andreja Bartolac / Language(s): English,Croatian Issue: 1/2021

Although attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders observed in childhood, ADHD research in Croatia, especially studies involving children, are extremely rare. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to describe the personal everyday school life experiences of boys with ADHD who were studying in elementary schools. This study included a purposive sample of 14 boys with ADHD aged 8 to 11 years who attended mainstream elementary schools. Three semi-structured phenomenological interviews were conducted with each boy. Special attention was given to ensure that the methodological approach used in this study was child-centred, child-friendly, and child-safe. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to analyse the data. Data collected on the school experiences of the boys with ADHD are presented via two themes: (1) challenges of schooling with ADHD, and (2) support at school: the importance of recognition, sensitivity, and relationships. This study demonstrates that boys with ADHD can recognize the challenges associated with their schooling and find it very difficult to take part in school activities that require directing and maintaining attention, organization, perseverance, flexible attention, and working memory. Consequently, the boys reported that they experience failure, frustration, and reduced self-confidence in their own abilities. Boys participating in this study were able to recognize the support received at school from their teachers and teaching assistants, as well as the obstacles that occurred due to misunderstandings, lack of sensitivity to their neurodiversity, and failure to apply the Individualised Education Program. The boys also provided clear descriptions of the adjustments necessary to make their school experience easier. The results of this study illustrate that children with ADHD face specific psycho-social risks, followed by recommendation that their experiences should be considered during the development of educational policies, given their participatory rights and their role as equal stakeholders.

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Metaphors and metaphorical language/s in religion, art and science

Author(s): Sybille C. Fritsch-Oppermann / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Languages play an essential role in communicating aesthetic, scientific and religious convictions, as well as laws, worldviews and truths. Additionally, metaphors are an essential part of many languages and artistic expressions. In this paper I will first examine the role metaphors play in religion and art. Is there a specific focus on symbolic and metaphoric language in religion and art? Where are the analogies to be found in artistic metaphors and religious ones? How are differences to be described? How do various (philosophical) concepts of aesthetics and theological concepts explain those different kinds of language and how, if at all, do they make use of them? Lastly: what could be added to aesthetics, philosophy and theology by examining carefully the role and importance of language, including nonverbal, sign language and especially metaphorical language? Without the human capacity for language, religions are scarcely imaginable. A widening of traditional exegesis and hermeneutics by taking into account nonverbal semantics is needed. Religion is a cognitive and linguistic phenomenon. By taking this seriously, we set and enable an agenda to discuss religion scientifically, leaving aside for the purpose of a scientific understanding and discourse about the inter-religious and the inner-religious claims of truth and absolutist claims. To sum it up: metaphor is introduced as an important means of language when it comes to religious conceptualization. Next, I will show that art, more than religion, deals with visual metaphor – the latter being an image that suggests a particular association, similarity or analogy between two (or more) generally unconnected visual elements. This often, but not always, functions in a roughly comparable fashion to the better-known concept of verbal metaphor. In addition, visual metaphor has developed many original and unique characteristics. These two sections are followed by another one dealing with (inter)cultural philosophy of religion and aesthetics, as well as the meaning of metaphors for these disciplines. The next section is on metaphor and metaphorical language in mathematics, natural sciences and art and how they are related, i.e. influence and help each other. I will discuss the critical approach to metaphors in natural science and provide a short introduction to the cultural history of mathematics and art. Mathematicians and artists have long been on the quest to understand the physical world they see before them and the abstract objects they know by thought alone. How have art and mathematics helped each other in representing each other’s concepts?

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Azerbaycan’da Savaş Sonrası Şehitleri Arama Çalışmaları Sürecinde Kurtarma Ekiplerinin Psikolojik Sağlamlık ve Ahlaki Sorumluluklarının Değerlendirilmesi

Author(s): Hanim Sofiyeva / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 63/2021

When faced with factors such as intense stress, trauma, family conflicts, and social environment, psychological problems begin to emerge. In search and rescue teams, which are one of the important occupational groups, triggering stress factors may arise due to very challenging conditions. Psychological resilience has an important place in coping with these factors. In this study, the duties of the rescue teams in the war and post-war period, the stress they experience during these duties, their strategies to cope with this stress, as well as their psychological resilience and moral responsibilities, under difficult conditions due to their professions, were evaluated. After the Nagorno-Karabakh War, which lasted for 44 days in Azerbaijan, it has been revealed that the rescue teams working in the search and evacuation of the dead bodies of the martyrs in the battlefields go through a process that is always accompanied by psychological and emotional stress, under difficult climatic conditions that require physical endurance, in danger. The psychological defense mechanisms of the rescuers in order to cope with stress situations were evaluated, and it was concluded that their psychological resilience was significantly improved. At the same time, it shows that they have achieved success in their moral responsibilities in terms of witnessing all difficult events and successfully maintaining their workload to the end under all circumstances.

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“To give form to what cannot be comprehended”: Trauma in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five and Martin Amis’s Time’s Arrow

Author(s): Aleksandra Czajkowska / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (34)/2021

The primary objective of this article is the analysis of trauma in Kurt Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse-Five and Martin Amis’s Time’s Arrow. It is argued that through the deployment of experimental literary techniques (particularly destabilized and non-linear narratives) these two novels offer valuable insights into the mechanisms of a traumatized mind and help to understand the uncertain sense of the self experienced by those who suffer from traumatic memories.

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Dimensions of the Threat to the Self Posed by Deep Brain Stimulation: Personal Identity, Authenticity, and Autonomy

Author(s): Przemysław Zawadzki / Language(s): English Issue: 69/2021

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an invasive therapeutic method involving the implantation of electrodes and the electrical stimulation of specific areas of the brain to modulate their activity. DBS brings therapeutic benefits, but can also have adverse side effects. Recently, neuroethicists have recognized that DBS poses a threat to the very fabric of human existence, namely, to the selves of patients. This article provides a review of the neuroethical literature examining this issue, and identifies the crucial dimensions related to the self which DBS may endanger-personal identity, authenticity, and autonomy. The most influential theories accounting for these dimensions are analyzed herein, and it is argued that most of these theories require further refinement. This paper also demonstrates the interrelation between personal identity, authenticity, and autonomy, and concludes that one can only fully understand the impact of DBS on the self when all of these factors are taken into account.

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Un apel pentru predarea scrierii ca proces integrativ cu scop funcțional

Author(s): Cristina-Silvia Vâlcea,Ecaterina Pavel / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 14/2021

In the Romanian context, writing is in a paradoxical situation: it is claimed to be important though it is one of the skills that is little invested in and moreover it undergoes strong opposition from the parents who would opt for digitalization as a preventive opportunity for their children in the future. Mistreated by both school and society, writing is given meagre chances of proving its determining role in the intellectual formation of the young generation. In this line of thought this paper aims at mapping writing as a school-taught skill by first outlining the Romanian approach to school writing (as product or process) and secondly by carrying out an analysis of the writing tasks regularly assigned, with a view to emphasizing their ups and downs and to suggesting changes that might improve not only the perception on writing in the Romanian curriculum, but also the quality of the educational output. In order to obtain a good representation of how writing is viewed by the Romanian educational system, it is deemed as appropriate to analyse the school curriculum issued and approved by the Ministry of National Education and to evaluate the implementation of the official guidelines into school textbooks. The justification for the interest of the authors in writing is related to the high rates of functional illiteracy, to the preponderant evaluation type of the pupils (a written one) and to the largely acknowledged inability of pupils to successfully manage their written tasks.

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A plea for teaching writing as an integrative process meant to serve a functional purpose

Author(s): Cristina-Silvia Vâlcea,Ecaterina Pavel / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

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ODNOS SPECIFIČNIH SIMPTOMA PTSP-a I SUICIDALNOSTI

Author(s): Vildana Aziraj-Smajić,Aid Smajić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/2021

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country with the recent history of war destructions, with symptoms of PTSD widely present among its citizens. On the other side, during last decades we have been witnessing a significant scientific interest in exploring the relationship between PTSD and suicidality. Significant association of PTSDs with suicidal ideation and attempts has been established, while there is still no reliable evidence of a clear link between PTSD and completed suicide. In comorbid states, this connection is stronger. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific knowledge on the role of specific symptoms of PTSD in the occurrence of suicidal risk. Using the recent literature from the mentioned area, an explanation of the correlation between the specific symptoms of this disorder associated with the occurrence of suicidal risk was offered. By reviewing the results of recent studies, it has been shown that high levels of clustered symptoms of hyperarousal interact with the low level of cluster symptoms of everything that reminds the traumatic event of key predictors of suicidal behavior in people with PTSD. In addition, the PTSD symptom profile, which significantly increases suicidal risk, implies the interaction of the cluster of re-experiencing traumatic experiences in interaction with the symptoms of hyperarousal. In this context, a high cluster level symptoms of avoiding anything that reminds of a traumatic event, occurs in the service of a kind of tampon zone that protects a person from suicide. However, the examination of the research also leads to the completely contradicted conclusions regarding the aforementioned cluster of symptoms. The causes of the inconsistency of the results of the previous research can be attributed to the number of methodological limitations in the case of research. Based on the critically presented recent findings, it can be concluded that the interaction of specific symptoms of PTSD has a significant role in the occurrence of suicidal risk.

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The Nature of and Conditions for Building the Poly-Art Competency in art Teaching Specialties

Author(s): Larysa Guseinova,Yurii Dvornyk,Liubov Dorokhina,Olena Kovalchuk,Tatiana Lyashenko,Alla Khomenko / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The relevance of the initiated research is determined by a few dominating challenges of modern art and pedagogical education. In particular, these are the interaction between the participants in the educational process, given the spread of the pandemic; insufficient development of ways to form the professional competence in students of art and pedagogical specialties; the inertia of art and pedagogical education and, as a consequence, the slow introduction of innovations in higher education; the insufficient reflection of the principles of poly-arts education in art and pedagogical studies.The nature of poly-arts competence in specialists of art and pedagogical direction specialists has been redefined and adjusted. This competence is interpreted as an integral professional quality of personality. The methodical conditions of its formation have been outlined, embracing the updating of the educational process, use of interactive technologies and methods of personality-oriented learning, the introduction of integration of different levels, etc. Neuropedagogical prerequisites of formation of poly-artistic competence for students of art and pedagogical directions are defined. We have also identified interrelated and complementary aspects of poly-artistic competence (cognitive, reflexive, methodological and procedural), as well as directions of their development.Prospects for further research lie with the development of the methodological formation of poly-artistic competence for students in art and pedagogical specialties and the subsequent testing of its effectiveness in an actual educational process.

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Kreativita u dětí a žáků s dyslexií

Author(s): Jan Viktorin / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2022

The literature review analyzes ten specialized papers, which are focused on the issue of increased creativity of children and students with dyslexia. In connection to dyslexia, it is beginning to talk not only about deficits, but also about its possible positives, which are developing in the context of possible weaknesses. In children and students with dyslexia, increased creative potential and excellent visualization skills are mentioned. Based on the results of foreign research studies, a significantly higher level of creativity in children and students with dyslexia in comparison with intact children andstudents was not clearly demonstrated.

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FIE as a Tool for Correcting Deficient Functions in Children and Students with Behavioral Disorders

Author(s): Petra Jedličková,Anna Klimentova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The paper has a theoretical and application character. Nowadays, the issue of education of children and pupils with behavioural disorders (specific as well as non-specific disorders) is highly topical as their number is constantly growing in regular primary and secondary school classes. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the specifics of their education. In the theoretical part, the authors deal with the issue of the disorders; they describe its etiology as well as the symptoms as possible consequences of the present impairment of partial functions in the perceptual-cognitive area. The application part of the paper is focused on presenting the essence and content of the instrumental enrichment method, the creator of which is the Israeli pedagogue and psychologist, Professor Reuven Feuerstein.

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Admitere recurs în interesul legii. Interpretarea şi aplicarea unitară a dispoziţiilor art. 1 alin. (1) şi (3) din O.U.G. nr. 9/2017, art. 7 alin. (4) şi (5) din O.U.G. nr. 99/2016 şi art. 12 alin. (8) şi (9) din O.U.G. nr. 83/2014. Sporul pentru...

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Admitere recurs în interesul legii. Interpretarea şi aplicarea unitară a dispoziţiilor art. 1 alin. (1) şi (3) din O.U.G. nr. 9/2017, art. 7 alin. (4) şi (5) din O.U.G. nr. 99/2016 şi art. 12 alin. (8) şi (9) din O.U.G. nr. 83/2014. Sporul pentru...

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

ÎNALTA CURTE, deliberând asupra recursului în interesul legii, constată următoarele: I. Sesizarea Înaltei Curţi de Casaţie şi Justiţie şi obiectul recursului în interesul legii 10. Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie a fost învestită prin sesizarea formulată de procurorul general al Parchetului de pe lângă Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie cu soluţionarea recursului în interesul legii ce vizează următoarea problemă de drept: Interpretarea şi aplicarea dispoziţiilor art. 1 alin. (1) şi (3) din Ordonanţa de urgenţă a Guvernului nr. 9/2017 privind unele măsuri bugetare în anul 2017, prorogarea unor termene, precum şi modificarea şi completarea unor acte normative, aprobată cu modificări şi completări prin Legea nr. 115/2017, cu modificările ulterioare, art. 7 alin. (4) şi (5) din Ordonanţa de urgenţă a Guvernului nr. 99/2016 privind unele măsuri pentru salarizarea personalului plătit din fonduri publice, prorogarea unor termene, precum şi unele măsuri fiscal‑bugetare, aprobată prin Legea nr. 152/2017, şi art. 12 alin. (8) şi (9) din Ordonanţa de urgenţă a Guvernului nr. 83/2014 privind salarizarea personalului plătit din fonduri publice în anul 2015, precum şi alte măsuri în domeniul cheltuielilor publice...

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Associations between digital amnesia, sleep disorders and somatic symptoms among youth

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Associations between digital amnesia, sleep disorders and somatic symptoms among youth

Author(s): James Robert Savarimuthu,Kadhiravan Subramanian / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

Digitalization has accelerated and improved the accuracy of information processing. It has changed society into a connected world. The spread of COVID-19 changed individuals' daily routines drastically over the past two years, especially among youth due to the temporary closure of colleges and universities. The usage of digital devices by youth has increased as a result of online learning platforms, leading to digital reliance and a negative impact on their sleep quality. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate (1) the association between digital amnesia, sleep disorders and somatic symptoms, (2) the difference in digital amnesia based on the demographic categories, (3) the effect of digital amnesia and sleep disorders on somatic symptoms. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 326 young people aged 18 to 25 years. Data was collected from participants using the Digital Amnesia Scale, Sleep Disorders Symptom Checklist (SDS-CL-17), and Somatic Symptom Disorder-B Criteria Scale (SSD-12). There was a significant association between digital amnesia, sleep disorders, and somatic symptoms among youth. Youth differed significantly in their digital amnesia based on their demographic categories such as gender and family type. Somatic symptoms among youth were significantly impacted by digital amnesia and sleep disorders. Youth could overcome their digital amnesia by utilizing digital devices effectively. Youth could also be sensitized about adverse effects of digital amnesia. Taking a digital break could help them improve their quality of sleep and reduce somatic symptoms

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