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Experienced stress and coping strategies in the context of adolescent social relationships

Author(s): Jan Mareš,Lenka Lacinová,Jan Širůček / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Family environment is a crucial factor playing a major role in the development and adaptation of children and adolescents. There are numerous theoretical approaches in developmental psychology and developmental psychopathology where by the mechanismof the impact of family processes on the child can be explained. Apart from the general ones, which can be represented e.g. by the ecological model of development by U. Bronfenbrenner (1977), defining the micro-system as a network of close interpersonal relationships and the importance of proximal interactions for individual‟s development, the examined mechanism of mutual interactions of children (adolescents) and their immediate environment can be captured as the effect of particular variables representing the influences of family environment, such as interparental conflict.

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4.50 €

Cesty k nezávislosti: Jak se vyvíjí autonomie s identitou

Author(s): Stanislav Ježek,Petr Macek,Ondřej Bouša / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Dospělost je v mnoha ohledech spjata se schopností samostatně se rozhodovat, spolehnout se na sebe a svůj úsudek, s přijetím zodpovědnosti za své chování, rozhodnutí, postoje a přesvědčení. Trochu nadneseně řečeno, být dospělý znamená přijmout autorství vlastních činů, činit důležitá rozhodnutí, z nichž některá mají celoživotní dopad, a přijímat zodpovědnosti a závazky, které z nich vyplývají. Z jiného úhlu pohledu to také znamená uvažovat o sobě samém a o svém životě v dlouhodobější perspektivě, mít své osobní plány a cíle — co považuji ve svém životě za důležité a k čemu chci směřovat. Z pohledu vývojové psychologie se tu propojují dvě ústřední témata (či vývojové úkoly), které vstup do dospělosti definují: téma autonomie a identity.

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Rodiče a jejich (ne)dospělé děti: Jak vypadají vztahy a život v rodinách s dvacátníky?

Author(s): Petr Macek,Lucie Lomičová,Lenka Lacinová,Ivana Dvořáková,Tomotaka Umemura / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Vztahy s rodiči a vztahy v rodině mají pro mladé lidi nepochybně zásadní vliv na cestu do jejich vlastní dospělosti. Jedná se přitom jak o aktuální vztahy v období vynořující se dospělosti, tak rovněž o dlouhodobou zkušenost z předchozího vývoje. Rodiče bývají obvykle těmi nej bližšími lidmi, od nichž se už od prvních let života dítě bezděčně i záměrně učí, jak se dospělý člověk chová, jaké na sebe bere role, za co si bere zodpovědnost, jaké normy a hodnoty jsou v jeho životě důležité, co činí dospělého šťastným a spokojeným či naopak nešťastným a zklamaným. Přes zjevnou důležitost rodičů se jim jejich dospívající děti na cestě do dospělosti na určitou dobu pocitově a mentálně spíše vzdalují, ve snaze nalézt a naplnit svou novou identitu jako dospělého člověka. Tento proces vnějšího a vnitřního odpoutávání od rodičů však neznamená ztrátu vztahů, respektive snížení hodnoty či kvality vztahů s nimi.

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4.50 €

Partnerské vztahy a vynořující se dospělost: Na zkoušku, či naostro?

Author(s): Lenka Lacinová,Tomotaka Umemura,Ondřej Bouša,Jan Širůček,Radka Neužilová Michalčáková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Partnerské vztahy patří svým významem mezi zásadní témata řešená mladými lidmi. Důležitost tématu je nesporná, neboť partnerská zkušenost má signifikantní a dlouhodobý dopad na individuální vývoj (Gala & Kapadia, 2013). Koncept vynořující se dospělosti pokládají Meier a Allen (2008) za výhodnou perspektivu, s jejíž pomocí lze podobě a vývoji partnerských vztahů v období třetí dekády lidského života v současnosti lépe porozumět. Skutečnost, že oproti minulosti mají mladí lidé více prostoru, času a společenského souhlasu ke vstupu do vyššího počtu partnerských vztahů, může být chápána jako jeden z aspektů charakteristik vynořující se dospělosti — období zaměřeného na sebe (setf-focused) a období prohlubujícího exploraci vlastní identity (identity exploration). Zdá se tedy, že bohatší partnerské zkušenosti mohou napomáhat při exploraci emocionální a fyzické intimity.

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Comunicarea interpersonală. Interpretări psihologice și filosofice. Volumul I

Author(s): Marinela Rusu / Language(s): Romanian

Volumul Comunicarea interpersonală - implicații în procesul educativ, nepropune o serie de lucrări, aparținând prin excelență, cadrelor didactice universitare,implicate activ în educație, cunoscători ai detaliilor de bază ale comunicăriididactice. Specialiștii au încercat să identifice sursele comunicării educaționale.Drept urmare, ei au adăugat noi teme de studiu: „comunicarea la clasă”,„comunicarea educațională” și „educația comunicării”.

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Kondycja współczesnej rodziny – ujęcie interdyscyplinarne

Author(s): Monika Kornaszewska-Polak,Monika Gwóźdź,Marek Wójtowicz,Leokadia Szymczyk / Language(s): Polish

The concept of the monograph was created on the basis of the observation of contemporary world and the changes taking place in it. In the postmodern world, the concepts of human nature, family, community, love, development, freedom have been redefined – in the face of intensively changing cultural, economic, political and health phenomena. For centuries the family has been the basic source of shaping the attitudes of individuals, but now these natural processes have been degraded in favor of the progressive visions of man and society. The changes affected the family structure, its functions, rules of conduct and value systems. The monograph presents a multifaceted analysis of changes in marriage and family from the following scientific perspectives: philosophy, psychology, pedagogy, theology and canon law.

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Dječija I Adolescentna Psihijatrija I Psihologija U Bosni I Hercegovini – Stanje I Perspektive

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,English,Croatian,Serbian

Cilj: Prikazati sadašnji model funkcioniranja i analizirati buduće perspektive Odjela za dječiju i adolescentnu Psihijatriju pri Psihijatrijskoj klinici, Univerzitetskog kliničkog centra Sarajevo. Pozadina: Odjel za dječiju i adolescentnu psihijatriju Psihijatrijske klinike postoji preko 50 godina. Funkcioniše kao jedini odjel za dječiju i adolescentnu psihijatriju u Federaciji Bosne I Hercegovine. Ciljna grupa odjela su djeca i adolescenti u dobi od 3 do 18 godina koji imaju određene psihičke poteškoće. Pacijentima se usluge pružaju kroz ambulantu, dnevnu bolnicu i zatvoreno odjeljenje. Osim toga, postoji i savjetovalište za djecu i roditelje. Zbog ekonomskih razloga i profesionalnih razmjena smatramo da je bolje da Odjel funkcioniše u okviru Psihijatrijske klinike za odrasle. Glavni nedostatak ovog modela funkcionisanja se ogleda u kasnom početku tretmana zbog straha od stigmatizacije. Metode: Uporediti model funkcionisanja Odjela za dječiju i adolescentnu psihijatriju u Sarajevu sa drugim klinikama za liječenje djece i adolescenata sa psihičkim smetnjama. Diskusija: U većini zemalja liječenje djece i adolescenata sa psihičkim poremećajima se organizira u okviru samostalnih klinika. Poredeći rad Odjela u sklopu UKC Sarajevo sa radom Zavod u sklopu KBC Zagreb vidimo da se radi o dva veoma slična modela organizacije, ali da je osnovna razlika u dostupnosti adekvatno obrazovanog kadra bez obzira što se tretira otprilike jednak broj djece i adolescenata sa različitim smetnjama. Još veću razliku uočavamo ako poredimo rad Odjela za dječiju i adolescentnu psihijatriju Sarajevo sa radom samostalnih klinika, na primjer, Psihijatrijska bolnica za djecu i mladež Zagreb ima 78 zaposlenih različitih edukativnih profila. Naš Odjel ima samo 10 zaposlenih, iako liječimo približno isti broj pacijenata. Zaključak: Cilj nam je u budućnosti uspostaviti samostalnu kliniku za djecu i adolescente. Za ovaj koncept potrebna su finansijska sredstva, multidisciplinarni profesionalni tim, oprema i prostorije čija raspoloživost zavisi od interesovanja vlasti.

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NEGATIVE EMOTIONAL STATES AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTSTIC SPECTRUM DISORDER

Author(s): Mira Spremo,Tatjana Marković,Nada Vaselić,Slobodan Spremo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders is constantly increasing. Considering the lack of institutionalized support for guardians, it has been noticed that parents of children with ASD more often experience negative emotional states, such as depression, anxiety and stress, and perceive their quality of life to be lower than the parents of typically developing children. The aim of our research was to compare the level of depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life in parents of children with ASD and parents of children without developmental difficulties. The research was quantitative, a socio-demographic questionnaire was used, as well as DASS-21 and WHOQOL scales. There were 78 participants, of which 39 parents of children with ASD (members of „Djeca svjetlosti“ Banja Luka and EDUS Sarajevo), and 39 parents of children without developmental difficulties. F-test was used for comparison of results in the depression, anxiety, stress and quality of life scales between the two groups. It was found that there were statistically significant differences in the level of depression (F=3.72, p<.01), anxiety (F=4.51, p<.01) and stress (F=3.47, p<.01), in a way that negative emotion levels were higher in parents of children with autistic spectrum disorder. As far as the perceived quality of life is concerned, the only statistically significant difference was found in the domain of psychological health (F=-3.22, p<.01), in the way that the parents of typically developing children had higher level of perceived satisfaction in this domain.

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SUPRADOTAREA DIN PERSPECTIVA DEZVOLTĂRII. Atitudini și aptitudini pentru a deveni mai creativ

Author(s): Marinela Rusu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Creativity is a complex process with deep sources in the individual consciousness. This fascinating, human-specific process has been approached over time from several perspectives. In the first part of the paper we will describe the main theoretical approaches in the field of creativity, defining the concepts of "gifted", "talented", gifted. Among the most important concepts on giftedness that we will analyze, we mention: general models specific to the field, systemic models, contextual model and development model, through which specific concepts were redefined, which also led to the realization of psychometric tools. necessary for the scientific confirmation, through empirical data of the theses theoretically described. The development perspective emphasizes the idea of the possibility that some special qualities or intellectual qualities that the individual has from birth to be amplified to excellence by their contextual modeling, in the school, social or family environment. The analysis of the Model of the five facets of the creative process, proposed by Annette Moser-Wellman (2001) is part of a development perspective, in which, through individual effort, self-control and perseverance, a high level of creativity can be achieved. These new attitudes and skills refer to the ability to visualize, to develop and maintain an ever-awake curiosity, to transform mistakes into opportunities to discover and understand other levels of reality, to use past experience, analogy, imitation in a new pattern, relaxation and introspection, immersion in the beautiful aspects of the world, and the use of wise thinking, defined by simplicity. Finally, creativity is a process in which both innate qualities (endowment) and context (educational, social and historical) are involved, which define, meet, and support the manifestation and creative productivity of the individual. Additional means of individual development will always facilitate creativity and amplify it.

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Výzkum v didaktice cizích jazyků

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

The volume of proceedings is a result of the Specific Research project conducted in 2018 with the registration number MUNI/A/0881/2017 – Research on learning and teaching foreign languages. The contributions present research studies of doctoral students in the field of Foreign Language Didactics at the Faculty of Education of Masaryk University. The studies are written in Czech.

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37.85 €

Didaktické kazuistiky v oborech školního vzdělávání

Author(s): Kateřina Bártová,Alice Brychová,Marek Fapšo,Hana Havlůjová,Marie Chválová,Martin Jáč,Tomáš Janík,Darina Jirotková,Petr Kacovsky,Tomáš Klinka,Štěpánka Klumparová,Petra Konečná,Petr Koubek,Dana Kričfaluši,Jindřich Lukavský,Renáta Mikulová,Petr Najvar,Alena Nohavová,Lenka Pavlasová,Irena Poláková,Jana Prášilová,Jan Slavík,Jiří Sliacky,Jana Stará,Zuzana Šalamounová,Petra Šobáňová ,Stanislav Štěpáník,Klára Uličná,Michal Vavroš,Jana Vejvodová,Jakub Veselý,Naďa Vondrová / Language(s): Czech

The book introduces the case study of instruction as a means of cultivating (field)didactic thinking. In the first part, case studies are introduced as a research tool in clinical fields. Particular attention is devoted to case studies of instruction and their role in transdisciplinary research in didactics. The transdidactic approach that makes use of the 3A procedure is also introduced. The second part of the book presents 25 case studies of instruction that have been developer by various teams that consisted of researchers and teachers. The book is an extension of the book Transdisciplinární didaktika: o učitelském sdílení znalostí a zvyšování kvality výuky napříč obory by J. Slavík, T. Janík, P. Najvar a P. Knecht.

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Sociální procesy a osobnost 2015. Otázky a výzvy: Sborník příspěvků

Author(s): / Language(s): Slovak,English,Czech

The Conference Proceedings includes full texts of presentations of both Czech and foreign participants of the Conference Social Processes and Personality, organized by Dept. of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, between September 9 to 11, 2015, in Brno.

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Sú rodičia vnímaví na prejavy autizmu u svojich detí? Porovnanie výsledkov diagnostických nástrojov ADOS-2 a ADI-R

Author(s): Gabriela Kvasničková,Lenka Siklenková,Diana Filčíková,Aneta Kubranská,Daniela Ostatníková,Mária Vidošovičová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by triad of symptoms: deficits in social interaction, deficits in communication and restrictive repetitive behaviour. In the diagnostic process it is recommended to use combination of two diagnostic tools- Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule– second edition (ADOS-2; Lord et al., 2012) and Autism Diagnostic Interview- Revised (ADI-R; Rutter et al., 2003). The aim of this study is to compare chosen behavioral parameters acquired from both ADOS-2 and ADI-R examinations and to evaluate ability of parents to see certain autistic symptoms in their children. In group of 77 children we examined 9 selected parameters. Results suggest that parents are more sensible to deficits in social interactions and less sensible to occurrence of stereotyped behaviour in their children. It seems that parents are not aware of these signs being part of symptomatology of autism spectrum disorders.

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БЕБЕТО И ДИГИТАЛНИТЕ УСРОЙСТВА

Author(s): Diana Tsirkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

How can we think of phenomena such as an infant beginning to speak English in a Bulgarian-speaking family, the quick accustomization to screens and the development of dependency already at the age of six months? The human baby is conservative and in order to become a psychological being from a biological body it needs the gaze, voice and the actions of the Real mother intertwined with her words and desire. The following paper is an attempt at connecting the clinical observations of work with infants and children in a psychoanalytical context to the discussion regarding the benefits and disadvantages of„devices“ for infants.

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4.50 €

ПРЕЛИНГВИСТИЧКА ФАЗА РАЗВОЈА ГОВОРА

Author(s): Ružica Savić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The dominant form of communication and understanding between people is achieved through speech. Speech development in children is a very complex process that can only be achieved in an environment where people communicate. While listening to the speech of adults, the child learns to speak, passing through different stages of speech development. The influence of biological and social factors is very important for the acquisition of speech. That is, the functioning and maturity of the areas responsible for speech development of the central nervous system, on the one hand, and social factors, on the other hand, the most important of which is the family, i.e. in the first place, the mother and the communication between mother and baby from the first day of life. Speech develops gradually from the earliest age. In this period, the movement of the speech organs matures, phonemic development, cognitive development, and maturation in the field of preverbal communication. The prelinguistic phase of speech development is a period of preparation for the development of speech in children and the acquisition of the language system of the mother tongue. The prelinguistic phase of development is divided into several subphases that all children with typical development go through. The aim of this paper is to present the pre-linguistic phase of children's speech development, and which factors are important during this transition of speech development.

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Psí hrdina v roli průvodce na cestě k formování identity a mezilidských vztahů ve vybraných příbězích pro děti a mládež

Author(s): Magdaléna Lípová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Příspěvek se zabývá možnostmi literatury pro děti a mládež při utváření identity a mezilidských vztahů, a to i z pohledu vývojové psychologie, především teorie osobnosti Erika Eriksona. K interpretačním analýzám byly vybrány prózy Psí dny Jany Jašové a Malostranská psí zima Pavly Skálové, v nichž psí hrdinové vystupují v rolích průvodců na cestě k formování mezilidských vztahů, vyrovnávání se s tranzitorní krizí a hledáním svého místa ve společnosti i rodinném a přátelském mikroprostoru.

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Psychosociální úkoly na počátku dospívání ve vybraných prózách pro děti a mládež

Author(s): Magdaléna Lípová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Příspěvek představuje psychosociální krize, kterými vývojová psychologie (především teorie Erika Eriksona) charakterizuje přelomové období mezi mladším školním věkem a počátkem dospívání. Prostřednictvím literárněvědné interpretační analýzy jsou odkrývána témata těchto vývojových krizí a specifika jejich autorského zpracování v literatuře pro děti a mládež, konkrétně v próze Jiřího Stránského Perlorodky a v próze Safíroví ledňáčci a Glutaman Bogdana Trojaka.

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DIAGNOSTIC VERSION OF STUDYING THE EMOTIONAL HEALTH OF PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN AFTER THE PARENTS'

Author(s): Ina Dimitrova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The publication is focused on researching the emotional health of children whose families have a broken structure (parental separation). The questions around which the research is organized are related to the search for answers: to what extent is the emotional health of children in a family with a broken structure preserved, what is the degree of development of the emotional intelligence of the parents. The tests that are included are: "My Family" test; Palette of Feelings test; parent survey; survey with the children. Ten families who are separated or in the process of divorce have been diagnosed. Testing with parents aims to assess their emotional intelligence and the degree of interest in mental state and emotional health for future professional realization, not only affecting their education, but communication with others and self-image as a full-fledged person. The questions concern: their attitude towards marriage; family values, as key in raising and educating the child; sources of information in case of need or responsibility, as a parent. The results obtained are good and encouraging. When reporting the results, the children were divided by gender: 51% of girls have preserved emotionality, 40% of boys have preserved emotionality, 2% of girls have severe emotional impairments, 7% of boys have severe impairments. The conclusions of the conducted research are that the parents of the 21st century are informed and know in depth the mental and emotional needs of children and show responsibility and concern. Also, emotional intelligence is fully formed and they seek daily information about their own development as parents. They accept teachers as people with ideas and a "key" to the correct and healthy development of their child in all aspects.

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ОСЪЗНАТО РОДИТЕЛСТВО

Author(s): Neli Dimcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Rapid societal advancements in everyday life and the economy make it necessary for the next generation to develop multiple skills beyond traditional academic education, preparing them for real life. Applying the approach of mindful parenting in raising and educating children is a way to develop 21st century skills in them. Mindful parenting in the context of the parent-child relationship not only improves the regulation of the emotional state of parents and children, but also promotes the development of healthy, positive and long-lasting relationships. The model of mindful parenting has been identified by researchers as a promising and modern parenting approach that develops the skill of emotion regulation in parents and children.

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ИЗКУСТВЕНИЯТ ИНТЕЛЕКТ И РОБОТИТЕ В ПОЛЗА НА УСПЕШНИЯ ЧОВЕК

Author(s): Maiyana Mitevska,Denis Nikiforov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of the study is to analyze the way in which artificial intelligence and robots support the development of people defined as successful from the perspective of the psychological theories of Abraham Maslow, Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. Additionally, the methods that contribute to achieving success in personal and career development are discussed, as well as the possibility of including artificial intelligence and robots in favor of success. The way in which robots benefit humans and complement their resources and success is also presented.

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