CAN WORK BE DETRIMENTAL? WORKING EXCESSIVELY QUESTIONNAIRE (WEQ): THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION

Author(s): Władysław Jacek Paluchowski,Elżbieta Hornowska,Piotr Haładziński,Lech Kaczmarek / Language(s): English

ODPORNOŚĆ PSYCHICZNA DZIECI ALKOHOLIKÓW

Author(s): Iwona Grzegorzewska / Language(s): Polish

Dzieci z rodzin z problemem alkoholowym stanowią grupę wysokiego ryzyka dotyczącego zaburzeń zdrowia psychicznego. Ostatnie szacunki wskazują, że w Polsce około 1,5 mln dzieci wychowuje się przy pijącym rodzicu. Dzięki licznym badaniom empirycznym coraz lepiej rozumiemy ich sytuację. Zaburzenia psychiczne rodziców bezpośrednio wynikające z uzależnienia oraz z nim współistniejące mogą negatywnie oddziaływać na zdrowie fizyczne i psychiczne dzieci i młodzieży na różnych etapach życia, jak też prowadzić do wystąpienia objawów eksternalizacyjnych i internalizacyjnych. Najnowsze prace naukowe podkreślają jednak duże zróżnicowanie populacji dzieci alkoholików, a wiedza empiryczna pozwala na coraz lepsze rozumienie mechanizmów odpowiedzialnych za to zróżnicowanie. Książka stanowi kontynuację zainteresowań autorki problematyką funkcjonowania dzieci alkoholików. Znaczne rozpowszechnienie problemu alkoholizmu w społeczeństwie skłania do nieustannego poszerzania wiedzy na temat dzieci uzależnionych rodziców oraz poszukiwania empirycznych dowodów na obecność istotnych dla ich rozwoju czynników ryzyka i zasobów. Wyniki tych badań mogą wpłynąć na poprawę skuteczności i efektywności programów profilaktycznych oraz działań interwencyjnych, kierowanych do dzieci i młodzieży szczególnie zagrożonych zbyt wczesnym i nadmiernym spożywaniem alkoholu oraz innych substancji psychoaktywnych.

„To, že péči matky nikdo nenahradí, je předsudek“

Author(s): Šárka Gjuričová,Michaela Marksová-Tominová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Rozhovor s PhDr. Šárkou Gjuričovou, psycholožkou a rodinnou terapeutkou o variantách rané péče o děti a o důležité možnosti volby mezi nimi. Rozhovor vedla Michaela Marksová-Tominová.

Kojenecký pláč

Author(s): Zuzana Masopustová / Language(s): Czech

The publication is concerned with the topic of infant crying. The research objective of the study was to determine whether the perception of infant crying is influenced by psychological characteristics of the mother. The data on 310 women were collected during their pregnancy and after delivery. Maternal psychological characteristics were obtained from self-report questionnaires during the first data collection (3rd trimester).The data about infant’s crying behaviour were obtained during the second data collection (between 4th and 8th week after delivery).The second data collection also included the original questionnaire Feelings about Infant Crying and Infant Crying Characteristics. The relationships between maternal characteristics and their perception of infant crying were significant.

Skryté nadání: Psychologická specifika rozumově nadaných žáků s dyslexií

Author(s): Šárka Portešová / Language(s): Czech

This overview monograph is focused on psychological specifics of intellectually gifted learners whose abilities are often concealed due to the simultaneous existence of a specific learning disability, dyslexia. The publication gives an overview of the genesis of international professional interest in this issue and it is dedicated especially to the issue of psychological assessment and pedagogical identification of the population of the gifted. Emphasis is laid, among others, on describing the barriers and stereotypical approaches considerably impeding relevant identification. Moreover, the author also pays attention to an overview of typical cognitive, social and emotional characteristics of the examined population of the gifted and points to significant risks resulting from wrong or insufficient identification. Amongst highly adverse consequences, there is the issue of the origin of social and emotional problems, forming chronic academic failure, and disturbing the stability of functioning of the whole system in which the child is growing up. Furthermore, she also suggests possibilities of psychological counselling and modifying ways of education regarding the examined population of gifted pupils and students.

The development of negative emotions

Author(s): Stanislav Ježek,Radka Michalčáková,Lenka Lacinová,Zuzana Masopustová,Ondřej Bouša / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter focuses on the development of some of the negative emotions from early to late adolescence, specifically fear and depressed mood. Adolescence appears to be a very emotional time of life. This is an observation of lay people (who have to put up with the adolescents emotions), psychologists (who study them and try to understand), and adolescents themselves (who actually experience them) and thus may appear rather trivial. However, we believe this ubiquity of emotions in the various contexts and perspectives on adolescence is in itself a salient aspect of the phenomenon of adolescence.

Cesty do dospělosti: Psychologické a sociální charakteristiky dnešních dvacátníků

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

In the course of last five years, a team of psychologists from the Institute for Children, Youth and Family Research at the Faculty of Social Studies has observed a sample of over thousand people born in 1990-1994. If you are interested how these young adults think about themselves and about the world, where and with whom they live and what relations they have, you may find the answers here. The book is thematically complex and offers a probe into novel social-psychological phenomena, such as the identity of young Vietnamese adults in Czechia or the phenomenon of “friendship with benefits”.

Přechod do dospělosti

Author(s): Stanislav Ježek,Petr Macek,Ondřej Bouša,Lucia Kvitkovičová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Přechod z dospívání do dospělosti může nabývat mnoha podob se značně odlišnou délkou. V jednom extrému může mít podobu relativně rychlé a razantní změny navazující na dosažení plnoletosti, kdy během několika let mladý člověk dokončí studia a získá perspektivní práci, vstoupí do manželství, narodí se mu první dítě a založí vlastní domácnost. V druhém extrému, pokud to okolnosti dovolí, může mladý člověk usilovat nejprve o získání řady zkušeností, které mu umožní ona důležitá, zavazující či obtížně zvrátitelná rozhodnutí dělat informované, s širokým vědomím jejich konsekvencí, lepší znalostí sebe sama a také s větší jistotou a sebedůvěrou. Takto mohou být důležitá rozhodnutí, závazky, odkládána do okamžiku, než se na ně bude mladý člověk „cítiť‘, což může vyplnit i celou třetí dekádu života.

Pathologies of Separation: Family Chopping, Parental Mobbing, Parental Alienation Syndrome

Author(s): Rossella Marzullo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Separation, even in the hypothesis where it unfolds on a non-conflictual basis, creates a serious vulnus in the life of an individual and in his family history, because it generates an empty space in the sphere of the identity of each partner, built over time within of the relationship. In union dissolution, as well as in adolescence, people are passed through by feelings of loss and disorientation that are overcome only when they are able to process them and reintegrate them into the new identity. The separative experience is therefore an experience of crisis that, if is managed in the persistence of the conflict, can have a very negative impact on the psycho-physical well-being of the children. Some authors have highlighted that post-separation conflict has worse effects on children than that which precedes separation, since the former presents itself as a destructive conflict, characterized by hostility, aggression and negative feelings and is resolved less frequently, putting more the adaptive capacity of minors to their new condition as children of separated parents is at risk.

Poznawcze i temperamentalne wyznaczniki kryminogenezy nieletnich

Author(s): Magdalena Rode / Language(s): Polish

The main research problem of the present publication is the verification of cognitive and temperamental risk factors for minors' criminogenesis. The author presents the patterns of entering into social interactions of the young people and outline their personal beliefs, which reflect how they perceive the world, interpersonal relations and their attitude towards themselves. Juvenile delinquents process social information in a specific – criminogenic – way, which favors the initiation and maintenance of criminal behavior. Processing social information by juveniles will be looked into in terms of the triggered styles of criminal thinking and confronted with potential temperamental and intellectual risk factors.

The Faces of Human Vulnerability

Author(s): Rariţa Mihail / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The notion of vulnerability is one of the beliefs of a recent current of moral and political philosophy, namely care ethics. Stemming, especially, from the North American feminist movement, this care ethics, based on the rejection of a universal and abstract morals, privileges the relational dimension based on the orientation towards human vulnerability.Subject to the weight of the tyranny of normality and perfection, contemporary societies, glorifying the individual who is useful and performant, struggle to hide, or more often than not deny the vulnerability of human beings. The notion of vulnerability appeared not only as a mutual sign of any person who is in a dependent situation, but also as one of the constitutive dimensions of the essence of living beings and of their life environment. In this article, the notion of vulnerability will be studied by identifying the representative themes of human vulnerability particular to their life and its conditions of being. Firstly, the hypothesis proposed by Freud in Le malaise dans la culture (2010)represents the underlying basis of this study on human vulnerability. Next, two important concepts guide the study proposed: the vulnerability inherent to human subjectivity, from the perspective of Lévinas, and the one akin the process of socialising of human beings, from the perspective of Habermas.

CURRENT STATE AND PERSPECTIVES OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOLOGY IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): Slobodan Loga,Nirvana Pištoljević,Emira Švraka,Vera Daneš,Bojan Šošić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The goal of this research was to determine the current state of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and based on the findings, point out some possible future prospects in these fields. For this purpose, a questionnaire regarding the existing state of services provided in the child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology in the county was designed and disseminated across the country. The representatives of 18 different governmental institutions (Psychiatric Clinics, Mental Health Centers, Health Clinics and Centers for Early Childhood Development) across Bosnia and Herzegovina completed the questionnaire. The data were collected from a total of 143 professionals and focused on minors, children ranging in age from birth through 18 years old. Professionals reported that 47.47% of their applied work with patients was with typically developing children, compared to working with children with special needs, where the average percentage across the institutions was 52.53%. A total of 143 experts who worked with the preschool children and minors reported that 35 of them (24.47%) worked directly with the children over 50% of their work-time, and 34 of them (23.77%) worked exclusively with children and minors. Based on the data collected and a descriptive analysis conducted, some recommendations were made for the future.

RANI SKRINING NA AUTIZAM U PRIMARNOJ PEDIJATRIJSKOJ SLUŽBI

Author(s): Mirjana Remetić,Mirzada Kurbašić / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition classified in the group of neurodevelopmental disorders, is characterized by persistent deficit in communication and social interactions, and presence of restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Early diagnosis and interventions are imperative for better outcomes. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) supported the project “Autism Education and Early screening”, with the goal to raise public awareness of autism in Bosnia and Herzegovina by educating the public about early signs and symptoms, determine the incidence and increase early detection of ASD by introduction of autism screening at the age 18-30 month. Methods and material: Educational brochures about typical child development and early signs of autism have been developed and distributed to parents; posters have been displayed at kindergartens, schools and health institutions. Extensive media coverage and numerous professional presentations have been aimed at educating both public and health care workers. The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) has been cross translated according to the rules and copy- rights. Results: From January 2009 trough 2012, 611 children (55% of boys), aged 21±3 months, were subject to the screening. The initial screening was passed by 298 boys (89%) and 256 girls (92%). Four boys and one girl were immediately referred to a further evaluation and early treatment. Conclusion: This overall project contributed to raising autism awearness by linking health, social and educational resources. The preliminary early screening confirmed that estimated incidence of ASD in Bosnia and Herzegovina is similar as reported elswere. Knowledge (public and professional), as well as the early screening, are required for timely diagnosis and interventions.

Tvůrčí psaní v literární výchově jako nástroj poznávání

Author(s): Zbyněk Fišer,Dagmar Dvořáková,Jitka Cholastová,Petr Kuběnský,Pavla Kopečná,Zuzana Šalamounová / Language(s): Czech

This monograph deals with the use of creative writing in literary education. It shows how exercises aimed at creating texts can be incorporated into school practice and explains why creative writing is effective as a teaching method. The authors of the monograph understand creative writing as a mental tool of cognition, as a medium of creative thinking. The methods of creative writing lead to the development of students’ perception, experiencing and thinking, and also to the development of creative communication in classrooms. At the same time, creative writing is enjoyable and (although this is not the main goal) develops the literary talent of writers. Besides the theoretical background, this book also presents individual projects (lessons devoted to a particular topic) which might be utilized not only in school education (secondary or tertiary) but also as a part of free-time activities.

Studie o tom, proč se základy teorie věd téměř neučí

Author(s): Jindřiška Svobodová,Jan Novotný / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The scientific method represents a way of critical thinking. Science strengthens the ability to have an opinion founded more facts than personal feelings. We assume that scientific thinking provides many skills for cognitive development of every person. Those skills can be transferred to other learning and general social contexts. Our research study presents the university students opinions and ideas which could help identify the causes of the problem why students get taught so little about the science as whole?

Rodičovské konflikty očima adolescentů

Author(s): Lenka Lacinová,Jakub Kraus / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Tato kapitola* shrnuje poznatky o dopadu vzájemných konfliktů mezi rodiči ado lescentů na různé ukazatele jejich psychického stavu a adaptace. Vedle úvodního popisu specifik, které s sebou v této oblasti přináší vývojové období adolescence, po píšeme reakce dospívajících na konflikt a také jeho subjektivní hodnocení. Součástí textu jsou naše dílčí výsledky, ale také drobná doporučení pro psychologickou praxi při práci s dospívajícími či jejich „znesvářenými“ rodiči.

Edukace žáků se speciálními vzdělávacími potřebami v českém jazyce a literatuře – zaměření na žáky s SPU a zdravotním znevýhodněním: Metodická příručka

Author(s): Jitka Zítková,Květoslava Klímová / Language(s): Czech

The aim of the text is supporting the inclusive education at the first stage of elementary school, a choice of suitable methods and strategies during the lessons of Czech language and literature. It deals with the topic of dyslexia, dysgraphia and dysorthography. The partial part is focused on Asperger syndrome. The main part of the text is consisted of the training lectures of all three parts of the Czech language. The text emphasizes the approaches in terms of which the educational goals are achieved together with the appropriate interaction between the participants of the educational process, the support of independence and creativity. The work describes activities focusing on the development of the key competences and accessing the subject overlap and application in terms of the cross-curricular topics.

Vývinové ciele v období nastupujúcej dospelosti v kontexte adaptívnej sebaregulácie

Author(s): Beáta Ráczová,Veronika Zibrinyiová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Emerging adulthood is a transitive developmental period, in which young people at the age of 18-25 are only gradually dealing with life tasks typical for adulthood. Goals, once characteristic for adolescence, are in modern societies moved to the higher age (Arnett, 2006). Tasks of the adult age are updated increasingly, and their importance grows with age, therefore one of the aims of this research was to examine how important are these tasks for young people, which specific tasks they prefer and to find out if there are any gender differences. The process of goal achievement is explained by the concept of self-regulation (Carver & Scheier, 2011) as the ability not only to choose and achieve the goals, but also modify the behavior in such way, that it will lead to their achievement (Lovaš, 2011). Transitive periods, such as emerging adulthood, are connected with the need to review and adjust one’s life goals. The ability for goal disengagement and reengagement of unattainable goals is a manifestation of adaptive self-regulation (Wrosch et al., 2003a, b). Research sample (N=102, 51 females, 51 males) filled in three research methods: newly constructed questionnaire The Importance of Developmental Tasks, Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ, Carey, Neal & Collins, 2004) and Goal Adjustment Scale (GAS, Wrosch et al., 2003b). Results in the context of benefits and limitations are discussed in the conclusion

Možnosti intervence a podpory u sourozenců dětí s postižením – skupinové terapeuticko-edukační programy

Author(s): David Havelka / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

One of the big contemporary issues and challenges of social system transformation from institutional to community care is finding the way of supporting and working with primary social environment of child with the disability. A number of studies highlights that one of the long-term neglected groups are siblings of children with a disability (Naylor & Prescott, 2004). This is a significant drawback of the current social care system, because these children express the desire to obtain information and understand the brother´s/sister´s disability (Dyson, 1998), and they often care for the sibling on a daily basis. Moreover the presence of the disease in family system can have a number of negative impacts such as difficulties in adaptation, problem behaviour and decrease in overall quality of life (Sharpe, 2002). One of the intervention possibilities focusing on siblings of children with disabilities are group therapeutic-educational programs successfully proved abroad, however, these are almost non-existent in Czech Republic (e.g. Lobato & Kao, 2005). The aim of this contribution is to present forms of organization, content and outputs of such programs, as published in scholarly journals and applied in foreign practice (especially in Great Britain).

Generativita v mladé dospělosti: pilotní studie

Author(s): Katarína Millová,David Lacko,Ivona Pástorová,Anna Pecková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Generativity as creativity, productivity, and care for other people or transmitting values to future generations is an important developmental task that should be completed during adulthood. Young adulthood is very important for its development since some aspects may reach its peak just at the beginning of adulthood. The aim of the research was to gain insight into generativity in young adulthood in the context of other personality characteristics. Sample consisted of 54 university students (24 women, average age 21.4 years) who completed the online questionnaire: LGS - generative concern, GBC - generative behavior, Gen-Current – generativity structure, Inventory of the Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood, Social SOC Questionnaire, and Self-Concept Clarity Scale. Generativity - Current Questionnaire has been used in the sample of young adults for the first time. It describes social, cultural, technical and environmental generativity. Factor analysis (varimax rotation) did not confirm the existence of these types as individual factors. Correlation analysis revealed a relationship between generativity and experimentation/possibilities, self-focus (LGS and Gen-Current), other-focus (Gen-Current), and social self-regulation (GBC, Gen-Current). For self-concept clarity was confirmed no significant relationship. We have not identified any gender differences in generativity. The strongest predictor of generativity was social self-regulation (generative concern), experimentation/possibilities (generative action) and self-focus (generativity structure).