Bíkulturní zkušenost a její vliv na identitu mladých Vietnamců v České republice

Author(s): Mai Hoa Nguyenová,Jan Širůček / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

Ačkoli jsou Vietnamci jednou z největších národnostních menšin u nás a druhá generace původních přistěhovalců již dospěla a začíná zakládat rodiny, skutečnost, že se jimi psychologická odborná literatura v Česku téměř nezabývá, může být stále opakována jako mantra. Přitom právě v případě druhé generace (těch, kteří se již v Česku narodili), respektive jedenapůlté generace Vietnamců (těch, kteří se sem s rodinou přistěhovali během dětství či dospívání) badatelům nemůže překážet jazyková bariéra. Tito mladí lidé totiž díky svému vyrůstání v českém prostředí zdatně ovládají nejen jazyk, ale také si osvojili mnoho znalostí, které s místním kulturním povědomím souvisí. Zároveň se však odmalička setkávají s kulturou, která s tou českou může stát v příkrém kontrastu — s kulturou vietnamskou, pocházející ze země mnoho tisíc kilometrů vzdálené. Jak lze tuto bikulturní zkušenost charakterizovat? A jak může ovlivnit formování identity těchto mladých lidí, kteří na prahu dospělosti přemítají nad podobnými otázkami jako jejich čeští vrstevníci — tedy kým jsou a kam patří? Těmito otázkami se kromě samotných Vietnamců zabývali rovněž autoři této kvalitativní studie, jež má vzhledem ke stavu psychologické odborné literatury v tuzemsku explorativní charakter a představuje příspěvek k možné diskusi nejen na téma mladých Vietnamců, ale také o životě a integraci cizinců v naší zemi obecně.

Body mass index, personality traits, and body image in Italian pre-adolescents: An opportunity for overweight prevention

Author(s): Veronica Rosa,Manuela Tomai,Marco Lauriola,Gabriela Martino,Michela Di Trani / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2019

We investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and personality traits, socioeconomic status (SES), and body image (BI) at the beginning of preadolescence. Data were collected from 238 Italian children aged 10–11 years using self-report scales. Information about SES was derived from parental education and professional status. BI was the variable the most strongly associated with BMI. Controlling for BI, SES, and gender, Agreeableness was inversely associated with BMI, whilst Extroversion was related to BMI in girls only. Gender did not moderate the associations between BI and BMI at this age. The relationship of certain personality traits with BMI is likely to emerge during preadolescence. Early interventions to reduce overweight and obesity could consider the interplay of Agreeableness and Extroversion with gender, BI, and SES.

BULLYING in schools - Activities through which teachers can prevent Bullying at school

Author(s): Ana-Maria Ţebrean,Andreea Ţebrean (Sabie) / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2018

In this paper entitled BULLYING in schools - Activities through which teachers can prevent Bullying at school, we propose to present a worrying reality of our day by proposing some preventive ways that could come in support of a worrying phenomenon, which has increased in size in schools in Romania. We consider that the teaching staff also plays an important role in trying to stop this phenomenon, by implementing some active-participatory activities in the classroom, activities that we intend to highlight in this paper.

CAN WORK BE DETRIMENTAL?

WORKING EXCESSIVELY QUESTIONNAIRE (WEQ): THE DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION

Author(s): Władysław Jacek Paluchowski,Elżbieta Hornowska,Piotr Haładziński,Lech Kaczmarek / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2014

Cechy osobowości jako mediator między strategiami reprodukcyjnymi związanymi z historią życia a światopoglądem. Moderacyjna rola płci "

Author(s): Andrzej Łukasik,Dominik Borawski,Anna Wołpiuk-Ochocińska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2019

With regard to human, life history theory postulates the existence of a continuum of reproductive life history strategies (LHS): fast strategy–slow strategy. Earlier studies show that the personality dimensions of the Big Five and worldview are correlated with LHS. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the dimensions of the Big Five are mediators between LHS and worldview. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the model in a sample of 259 participants; additionally, the moderating role of the sex variable was included. In accordance with the hypothesis, the dimensions of the Big Five turned out to be mediators between LHS and worldview. The analysis of moderated mediation showed a significant role of the sex variable in the tested model. According to the assumptions of life history theory, this indicates the role of early childhood experiences in shaping the worldview, however, the role of sex in relation to the diversity of these experiences and their impact on shaping reproductive strategies requires further research.

Cesty do dospělosti: Psychologické a sociální charakteristiky dnešních dvacátníků

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 2016

In the course of last five years, a team of psychologists from the Institute for Children, Youth and Family Research at the Faculty of Social Studies has observed a sample of over thousand people born in 1990-1994. If you are interested how these young adults think about themselves and about the world, where and with whom they live and what relations they have, you may find the answers here. The book is thematically complex and offers a probe into novel social-psychological phenomena, such as the identity of young Vietnamese adults in Czechia or the phenomenon of “friendship with benefits”.

Cesty k nezávislosti: Jak se vyvíjí autonomie s identitou

Author(s): Stanislav Ježek,Petr Macek,Ondřej Bouša / Language(s): Czech / Publication Year: 0

Dospělost je v mnoha ohledech spjata se schopností samostatně se rozhodovat, spolehnout se na sebe a svůj úsudek, s přijetím zodpovědnosti za své chování, rozhodnutí, postoje a přesvědčení. Trochu nadneseně řečeno, být dospělý znamená přijmout autorství vlastních činů, činit důležitá rozhodnutí, z nichž některá mají celoživotní dopad, a přijímat zodpovědnosti a závazky, které z nich vyplývají. Z jiného úhlu pohledu to také znamená uvažovat o sobě samém a o svém životě v dlouhodobější perspektivě, mít své osobní plány a cíle — co považuji ve svém životě za důležité a k čemu chci směřovat. Z pohledu vývojové psychologie se tu propojují dvě ústřední témata (či vývojové úkoly), které vstup do dospělosti definují: téma autonomie a identity.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS FRIENDSHIP RELATIONS: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE QUALITY, LENGTH, STABILITY AND RECIPROCITY

Author(s): Nikolina Kuruzović / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2015

This paper is concerned whit characteristics of friendships. The main focus is on these characteristics: quality, lenght, stability and reciprocity. The examination took place repeatedly within period of four months. The sample consisted of, 425 in first and 358 adolescents in second examination. The adolescents were of both sexes, aged between 14 and 15 years. The quality of friendship was assessed by new self-report scale Friendship Quality Questionnaire, constructed in this research. This questionnaire is measuring thoughts, feelings and specific behaviors about and towards a friend. Besides, two general questionnaires were used for collecting information about examinees and their friendships. The results show certain characteristics of friendships in adolescence. Dimensions of relationship quality (affection, intimacy, conflict and interaction) are evenly distributed. The connection between quality of friendship and duration was found out. In shorter friendship, level of intimacy and conflict is higher. Also, friendships are very stable and examinees that keep their friendships have higher level of intimacy and interaction. Those with shorter friendship are changing friends more. Girls have higher level of all qualitative characteristic of friendships- affection, interaction, intimacy and conflict.

Charakter więzi wytworzonych w dzieciństwie a rozwój anhedonii w dorosłym życiu

Author(s): Magdalena Berek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2019

The aim of the study was to identify factors that may participate in the relationship between the character of the bond created in childhood and the development of anhedonia in adult life. A questionnaire survey on attachment style, sensitivity to stress, learned helplessness, level of anhedonia and perceived social support was carried out. The study was attended by 163 participants, aged between 19 and 36. The results confirmed the hypothesized relationship between the character of bonds formed in childhood and the development of anhedonia in adulthood. The secure attachment and the perception of instrumental support, especially emotional support, are factors related to reducing the risk of developing anhedonia. The factor that conduces the development of anhedonia is, above all, attachment of the insecure character. Research shows that the character of the bond created in childhood is important for the mental health of the individual, social functioning and the possessed skills and personal resources.

Charakterystyka pasji a okres rozwoju człowieka – badania poprzeczne

Author(s): Karolina Mudło-Głagols / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2019

Having a passion is becoming an increasingly popular phenomenon. The aim of the study was to describe passion in subsequent human development periods and to examine whether age, sex, and education were significant factors in the process. Furthermore, it was assessed if passion results for passionate and obsessive enthusiasts (1412 people took part in the study) were differentiated by these variables. To assess harmonious passion and obsessive passion, the Passion Scale was used along with passion criteria. The development phase, gender, and education differentiated only the obsessive passion results. For the harmonious and obsessive passionate, these variables did not differentiate the result of the main dimension of passion. Gender and education differentiated the nature of passion. The most popular passions of both harmonious and obsessive nature were those associated with free time. The content and intensity of passion can be a marker of adaptation to the development tasks currently encountered by people of a given age, sex, or education. Depending on its nature, passion can be both a catalyst and an obstacle in overcoming subsequent developmental conflicts.

Cinsel İçerikli Yayınların Ergenler Üzerindeki Etkileri ve Bazı Müdahale Yöntemleri

Author(s): Bağdat Deniz Kaynak / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 10/2017

Adolescents spend most of their time with media. Media broadcasts such as television, movies, internet and music clips frequently include some degree of sexually explicit content. Exposure to these kind of sexual content in media may lead to early sexual intercourse, risky sexual behavior, adolescent pregnancy, alcohol and cigarette consumption, stereotypes about sexuality, acceptance of rape myths and the increase of positive expectancies about sexuality. There are several intervention methods to prevent adolescents from these negative effects. Some of these methods are parental mediation, use of media-rating systems, and media literacy education. Studies show that restrictive parental mediation prevents adolescents from the negative effects of sexual content in media to some degree. Media-rating systems seem useful for the parents but they may lead to forbidden fruit effect on adolescents. However, media literacy education on sexual content in media has a very clear and positive effect in the prevention. Adolescents in Turkey may also be exposed to sexually explicit content through various ways like internet or television. When this situation is considered, presenting information about the effects of sexually explicit content in media and some intervention methods about it may be beneficial. With this review, it is expected to present some information and recommendations to the politicians, parents and researchers.

Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Alanında Bir Klinik Gidiş Değerlendirme Ölçeği Türkçe Formu’nun (HoNOSCA-TR) psikometrik özellikleri*

Author(s): Sibel Halfon,Alev Çavdar,Demet Kara / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2020

The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) was developed as a routine outcome scale in England in the field of mental health to be filled out by clinicians. The reliability and validity of the scale were previously assessed on a small sample in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish adaptation of HoNOSCA (HoNOSCA-TR) with a larger sample. The parents, teachers and therapists of 168 children, who received psychotherapy services at Istanbul Bilgi University Psychological Counseling Center, filled out the HoNOSCA-TR, along with Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher Report Form and Children’s Global Assessment Scale at the beginning and end of psychotherapy. The factor structure of the Turkish HoNOSCA-TR was investigated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, which did not confirm the original factor structure of the scale; however, revealed three factors associated with children’s externalizing and cognitive problems, perceptive and somatic impairments, and emotional and social problems. However, the internal consistencies of the factors were found to below. Nevertheless, there was a statistically significant relationship between HoNOSCA-TR and other assessment scales and HoNOSCA-TR could differentiate patients based on diagnosis. Moreover, the inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities were good. The statistically significant difference between pre and posttest scores of patients pointed to HoNOSCA-TR’s sensitivity to change. This study supported psychometric properties of the Turkish HoNOSCA-TR by further validating the reliability and validity study that was previously conducted in Turkey. HoNOSCA-TR showed good concurrent and discriminant validity, interrater and test-retest reliabilities; however, it is essential to test its factor structure and internal consistency by further studies.

Cognitive Distorsions as Collective Tools of Representation and Action in Posttotalitarian Eras

Author(s): Mariana Constantinescu / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2010

Les stéréotypes sont des structures cognitives stoqués dans la mémoire qui affecte la perception, les représentations et le comportement dans le groupe. Les stéréotypes, en plus du rôle fondamental qu'ils jouent dans le processus de différenciation intergroupe, ils ont une importante fonction groupe explicative et justificative. La différenciation intergroupe a comme but la formation d’une identité distincte et positive, tandis que les fonctions explicatives et justificatives indiquent que groupes utilisent les stéréotypes pour comprendre les événements sociaux et pour justifier leurs actions envers d'autres groupes. L'idée principale est que les stéréotypes ne peuvent pas être considérés simplement comme des produits privés individuels. Ils ont plutôt une nature collaborative et interactive, impliquant un processus collectif de négociation et de gestion, qui est constamment influencé par les intérêts et le positionnement des groupes par rapport à d'autres groupes, et par les modèles idéologiques de structuration des relations sociales.

Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research.Can the emerging domain of behavioral addictions bring a new reflection for the field of addictions, by stressing the issue of the context...

Author(s): Philippe De Timary,Pierre Philippot / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2015

This paper is a commentary to the article entitled: “Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research”, by Billieux, Schimmenti, Khazaal, Maurage and Heeren (2015). Methods and Aims: In this manuscript, we commented on two aspects developed by the authors. Billieux et al. (2015) propose that the recent development of propositions of behavioral addiction is driven by an unwise application of an addiction model to excessive behaviors and rests on a confirmatory research strategy that does not question the psychological processes underlying the development of the conduct. They also show that applying a process driven strategy leads to a more appropriate description of the reality of the behavior and conduct, in particular by describing a variety of motivations for the excessive behavior, which is central to understanding the nature of the conduct. We believe that this new approach, which is fruitful to the emerging domain of behavioral addictions, could also apply to the domain of addictions in general. The latter is characterized by the application of a generic biological model, largely influenced by animal models, focusing on neurophysiological determinants of addiction. This approach may have decreased the attention paid to dimensions of addictions that are more specifically human. We will firstly briefly argue on the limitation of this neurophysiological addiction model for the field of excessive behavioral conducts. Secondly, we will argue for an approach centered on the differentiation of motivations and on the adaptive dimension of the behavior when it first developed and on the evocation of a transition where the conduct became independent of its original function. Conclusions: The emerging domain of behavioral addictions, where no animal model has been developed so far, may bring a new reflection that may apply to the domain of addictions in general, with a specific attention to human questions.

Community of practice i indywidualizacja w nauczaniu

Author(s): Małgorzata Karwowska-Struczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2 (33)/2016

Community of practice and the individualization of the educational process are the central concepts of the author’s reflections. In the article, selected conceptualizations of the community of practice have been presented. They have been found to be a starting point for the individualization of the educational approach to children at preschool and school age. The importance of the involvement of the whole local community in creating the educational environment has been shown on a basis of two ready for use models of community of practice proposed by P. Moss and R. Myers. The concept of individualization has been considered in the second part of the text. In this respect, self-esteem, as the major factor of the personalization of the educational dialogue between an adult (teacher) and a child, has been underlined. Its potential strength in determining the effects of the personalized interactions between an adult and a child has been highlighted.

Conservation or conversation: A test of the repeated question hypothesis

Author(s): Aleksandar Baucal,Ivana Stepanović / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2006

The main goal of the paper is to reanalyze the results of previous studies on the repeated question effect in the conservation task, and to create a more direct test of the repeated question (RQ) hypothesis (repeating of question in the conservation task may mislead concrete-operational children to give the wrong answer since they interpret the repeating as an implicit sign that their first answer is wrong). Reanalysis of previous studies shows that some original conclusions need to be modified, and that a more direct test of the RQ hypothesis is needed. Each participant (N=58, mean age 7;10) was tested by two tasks (conservation of liquid), a standard and modified version. In the modified task, liquid was poured into the same glass, so that the child’s answer was not under influence of his or her level of cognitive development, but only by the repeated question (child who was misled by the RQ would give a wrong answer). According to the RQ hypothesis, children who change their answer on the modified task also need to change their answer on the standard task. Moreover, children who resist the RQ on the standard task do not need to change their answer on the modified task. Results show a different pattern than expected by the RQ hypothesis.

Conservative treatment in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis

Author(s): Larisa Lenuța Cîrdei / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2018

Lumbar spinal stenosis is a common disorder in middle-aged and elderly patients that results from narrowing of the neural canal and foramina, from congenital or degenerative causes. This narrowing leads to co-compression of the lumbosacral nerve root.Most patients with symptomatic lumbar stenosis have intermittent neurogenic claudication with decreased risk. However, although the physical findings and clinical symptoms of lumbar stenosis are not acute, radiographic findings are relatively severe. Magnetic resonance imaging is a non-invasive and good method for the evaluation of lumbar stenosis. Although there are very few studies that refer to the natural progression of lumbar stenosis, its symptoms respond favorably to nonoperative management. In patients who do not respond to non-operative treatment, surgical treatments, such as decompression or decompression with spinal fusion, are required.

Considering National, Cultural, and other Features of Kazakh-Speaking Subjects of Polygraph Examinations

Author(s): Boranbay Baisakhalov / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Content, methodology and results of the study on the formation of readiness to future border guard officers to apply risk analysis methods

Author(s): Оlena Pshenychna,Oleksandr Didenko,Mariya Oliynyk / Language(s): English / Issue: 12/2019

The article reveals the content, methods and results of the study of the formation of readiness to future border guard officers to apply risk analysis methods. The essence of readiness for application of methods of risk analysis in operational and service activity, criteria and indicators are defined, levels and state of the formation are characterized. For effective formation of readiness of future frontier officers to apply risk analysis methods, pedagogical conditions have been substantiated and tested experimentally. Based on the research results, methodological recommendations have been developed for cadets, scientific and pedagogical staff

Contribuţia tehnicilor teatrale la obţinerea echilibrului emoţional al copiilor

Author(s): Georgeta Antoniu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 11/2015

The article describes and analyzes the change that must occur in children’s education in the XXI century, the importance of children’s emotional balance through theatre techniques and the improved use of EQ. Removing violence from children’s lives, removing multiple fears and false competition, their self-esteem increases a lot. Theater games and puppetry exercises are a great way to emotionally balance the children.