АФЕКТИВНА ПРИВРЖЕНОСТ У ПАРТНЕРСКИМ ОДНОСИМА КАО ПРЕДИКТОР ДЕПРЕСИВНОСТИ

Author(s): Ruženka J. Šimonji Černak,Živka Cvejić Mićanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 173/2020

Рад припада области клиничке психологије и бави се истраживањем карактеристика афективне привржености код депресивних особа. Провераване су следеће претпоставке: постојање три категорије раних афективних веза; постојање значајног ефекта раних афективних веза на стилове партнерских афективних веза и значајног ефекта депресивности на стилове партнерских афективних веза и интерактивни ефекат раних афективних веза и депресивности на стилове партнерских веза. Истраживање је спроведено на 129 испитаника: 64 депресивних и 65 душевно здравих, без симптома депресивности. За утврђивање депресије, након дијагностичког интервјуа, примењена је Бекова скала депресивности и ММПИ-201. За процену ране афективне везаности примењен је Упитник за процену афективног везивања адолесцената и одраслих, док је за процену партнерског афективног везивања примењен Упитник за процену блиских релација. Применом таксономске анализе потврђена је претпоставка о постојању три стила раних афективних веза. Генерални линеарни модел је потврдио претпоставку о постојању статистички значајног ефекта стилова ране афективне везаности на стилове партнерске афективне везаности. Није се потврдила претпоставка да постоји значајан ефекат депресије на стилове афективне везаности у партнерским односима, нити да постоји интерактивни утицај депресије и раних афективних веза на блиске афективне везе.

Билингвистическое пространство образования как ресурс развития творческих способностей и социально-психологической адаптации детей с нарушением слуха

Author(s): Olga Yuryevna Piskun,Inessa Solomonovna Baskina,Valentina Anatolyevna Petrochenko,Elena Dmitrievna Shtatnyh,Ruben Oganesovich Agavelyan / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2021

Introduction. The article addresses the problem of bilingualism of deaf children in the educational process with the main focus on enhancing their creative abilities and socio-psychological adjustment. The purpose of the research is to study and describe the resource for the development of creative abilities and socio-psychological adaptation of children with hearing impairment. Materials and Methods. In this paper the authors provide a review of Russian and international studies into the role of bilingualism in deaf education. The evaluation of creative abilities and socialization of children with hearing impairment was conducted using the following projective methods: ‘Measurement of creative thinking’ (E. Torrance’s Incomplete figure test), N. V. Shaidurova’s measurement of older preschoolers’ creativity, ‘A picture of the family’ by T. G. Khomentauskas (adaptated by O. Y. Piskun and R. O. Agavelyan) as well as sets of survey methods including M. A. Panfilova’s “Sociometric questionnaire for children” and V. V. Tkacheva’s “Questionnaire for parents”. The sample consisted of 16 senior preschool age deaf children and their parents (n = 16). Results. Results. The authors identify the features of the development of creative abilities in children with hearing impairment: a slow formation of verbal speech, role-play interaction, and abstract thinking. The study reveals low socio-psychological adaptation, high parental deprivation and anxiety. In some cases, children are deprived of constructive interaction with their parents. It is emphasized that bilingual learning environment can be considered as a tool of deaf children’s social adjustment. The relevant learning environment can be created within the center of development and psychological and educational support for individuals with special education needs. Competent professionals (including those with disabilities) who use Russian sign language are motivated to communicate with deaf children and their parents for subsequent successful social integration and adjustment. Conclusions. The study concludes that within a personality-centered paradigm of a bilingual educational environment for creative development of children with hearing impairment and their socio-psychological adjustment, the leading factor is the bilingual approach to creating the center for psychological and educational support for families with the main focus on constructive interaction with deaf children.

Влияние на социалната изолация върху нивото на резилианс на обучаемите във ВВМУ „Н. Й. Вапцаров“

Author(s): Rositsa Nedeva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2021

COVID 19 closed the people in their homes but for a small part of the society the period of isolation has passed in a learning and office environment. What are the effects of the social isolation on people – we will find out. How the environment – parents, friends, society, colleagues, influences on the successful dealing with stress and how it helps personal sustainability, we will know in the future. During the research we will see the dynamics in the resilience levels of the cadets before, during and after the quarantine. The results will show us how the military environment helps the cadets to deal with the negative sides of the social isolation. The development of resilience will be monitored as an ability of self regulation in a moments of crisis.

Възрастови особености на сетивното познание на ученици от начална училищна възраст според психоаналитичната периодизация на Зигмунд Фройд

Author(s): Mariyana Stamboliyska / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2016

This article aims to present the perspective of psychoanalytic periodization age of the school students from the initial stage of primary education. In psychoanalysis self-concept is part of the personal sphere and its content influences the perception and the perception of people for their determination and to build his idea of a specific human being. The period of primary school age, according to psychoanalytic periodization is called “Latent period” covering 6-7 years of age and adolescence. In this particular phase of child development, sexual development according to Sigmund Freud as if interrupted. The interests of children in this period focused primarily on communicating with their peers and school activities. With knowledge in school are enriched the intellectual and moral and aesthetic feelings. Sensory knowledge is only one part of the total knowledge of the individual, directed to her and to the surrounding world. According to Sigmund Freud social experiences reflect meaningful wishes and interests of individuals and thus structuring one of the most important countries in its formation – values and direction to build a strategy for behavior and activity. All this is a reason to be directed more noticeable children’s attention to the general conditions of school life and school activities and thus provide a full development of their overall personality.

ГЕНДЕРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РАЗВИТИЯ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ВОЛЕВОЙ СФЕРЫ В ДОШКОЛЬНОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ

Author(s): Jana Racu,Iulia Mulico / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3-4/2019

The article describes a comparative analysis of the development of volitive sphere at boys and girls of preschool age. The results of the level of concentration, volunteering, distribution in order to carry out action, activism, initiative and dence, all these present gender differences, and consequently, boys surpass girls. These tendencies are particular during the whole preschool period of children.

Детските страшни истории – вчера и днес

Author(s): Elena Savova–Tsolova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2018

The paper deals with questions regarding the specifics of children's narratives and the place which they have in the lives of pre-adolescents. Important differences in the way children and adults tell urban legends are outlined. Special emphasis is given to the peculiarities of scary stories where the antagonist is a body part, or an analogue thereof. Attention is also given to the changes in the storytelling traditions of children, as well as the influence of the newest technologies for communication and visualization in the recent years. The appendix includes 25 recordings of children's scary stories.

Дискриминационни и ценностни нагласи към лица с психични разстройства, от страна на ученици

Author(s): Simeon I. Sapundzhiev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2020

The report is devoted to a study of the discriminatory and value attitudes of eleventh and twelfth grade students, regarding people with mental disorders. Attention is paid to widespread discriminatory attitudes and myths related to the manifestations of psychiatric diagnoses. The opinions and attitudes of the students towards the target group, their personal experience of interaction with people with mental disorders, their readiness for participation in joint activities with them and coexistence in the community are considered.

Дискурс и съвременни тенденции в концептуализацията на интелигентността

Author(s): Georgi Byandov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2015

In this work, on the the background of diachronic discourse on development of the concept of intelligence with an emphasis on methodological characteristics and problematic points, is represented the current trend of development of this concept with great practical value, are shown different paradigmatic solutions and open debates.

Добрият учител гради мотивация

Author(s): Petya Trifonova-Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2016

Motivation is the force that makes us achieve our goals and strive for self-improvement. Good teachers know how to motivate their students constructive actions for a brighter future. A motive creates an openness to action, while rationalization and goal-attaining lead to the implementation of human actions.

Езикът на тялото в бизнес комуникацията

Author(s): Gergana Farkova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2018

What does body language reveal about us and others? Darwin was the first to connect facial expressions to behavior patterns that are of much earlier origin than spoken language. According to social anthropologist Edward T. Hall, in a conversation between two people, only 35% of the socially relevant information is passed through words. Nearly 65% of the cues in the direct communication process pass through paraverbal channels. When there is a discrepancy between cues, we usually trust the non-verbal ones. Signs and gestures do not lie; they reflect a person’s true intentions. All mental changes appear immediately at a non-verbal level and the signals received through sight, which are charged with much more information, are directly processed by the brain without being filtered. Body language can also serve as an effective tool of influence. The ability to master it and use it is particularly important in the business world. The article discusses the practical effects of non-verbal communication and seeks to explain why non-verbal codes should not be underestimated.

За нова педагогическа парадигма

Author(s): Nikoleta Mihaleva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/2019

The article explores the relation between education and learning as a means of its implementation and the new type of socio-historical inheritance at the end of the twentieth century, related to changes in the nature of scientific knowledge itself. In the emerging new pedagogical paradigm, the main task is the transition from a center of knowledge to culture-friendly learning, the intellectualization of the learning process, but also its euro-denomination, is becoming more and more intense. It raises the issue of changes in values and new cultural realities in the process of communication, which builds a new type of the whole personality whose mentality unites culture and education. Innovative approaches to humanistic pedagogy and practice are aimed at developing the principles of developing learning, collaboration and creativity.

Играта и нейната роля в психическото развитие на детето

Author(s): Lev Vygotsky / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 4/2018

Изследване на игровата среда за деца със специални образователни потребности в семейството

Author(s): Anna Trosheva,Mira Tzvetkova-Arsova,Diana Ignatova,Penka Shapkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2020

Thе report presents a study of the conditions for playing at home of children with special educational needs. The basic components of the playing environment are discussed. Results of a pilot study are presented. The main purpose was to explore children opportunities to play in the home environment. Data from a survey among 60 parents of children with special educational needs aged between 1 and 14 was analyzed. Important part of the study was to examine the parental attitudes towards the role of the play of the children with SEN.

Инструменти за диагностика на играта на деца със специални образователни потребности

Author(s): Marina Kalcheva,Margarita Tomova,Elena Boyadzhieva-Deleva,Anna Trosheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2020

When diagnosing the play of children with special needs, it is necessary to know their features and the reasons for their more difficult inclusion in play. The theoretical rationales of the barriers for free participation and / or initiation of play as well as our practical experience with children with special educational needs served to structuring a tool for monitoring their play in evaluation form. It traces different levels of dealing with the categories of cognitive play (practical, symbolic, constructive and rules-based play). It is planned to analyze videos in situations of independent play, play with a parent, and play with other children. The card comes with a procedure for selecting play items / toys. The presented procedure and tool for monitoring and analyzing the play of children with special educational needs is to be applied in practical diagnostic and therapeutic activities.

Интенционалност и съзнание: опит за разбулване на мистичното преживяване като ординарно неинтенционално съзнание

Author(s): Petar Radoev Dimkov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2017

Perhaps the most widely accepted definition of consciousness is the one that it has an intentional directedness: it is a consciousness of something, an objective consciousness (Brentano, Husserl). Husserl speaks of the existence of such contents of consciousness, which are objectless, unintentional. Mystical experience is a concept which includes idiosyncratic experiences of union with a deity or a principle, a union with a variety of unique traits. In this article, an attempt is made to define mystical experience as an experience which consists of unintentional content of consciousness. In this way, mystical experience can be demystified and revealed as an ordinary state of consciousness, a consciousness inherent only to man. The positives of the experience are not negated but rather from the theoretical perspective of the discipline of neurotheology mystical experience is defined as an ordinary human state, even in the face of the difficulties of its definition and description.

Исследование уровня информированности педагогов, работающих с детьми с тяжелыми и множественными нарушениями развития, в Армении

Author(s): Tereza Yurevna Azatyan,Anush Arturovna Aslanyan / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 2/2021

Introduction. As in many countries, in Armenia the problem of providing psychological and pedagogical assistance to families and teachers of children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities is still insufficiently developed. Based on the research results and practical evidence, recommendations for teachers on adjustment of disabled children to school environment are presented. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on previous international studies on the role of teachers' attitudes to children with severe and multiple developmental disorders, as well as difficulties in their socialization /Chulkov, V. N.; Golovchits, L. A.; Basilova, T. A., etc./. The model of remedial educational, psychological, technical and social interventions has been developed. Results. The results indicate that the institute of rehabilitation care for children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities is not fully established in Armenia, especially within inclusive education. Moreover, there is no uniformed approach to this problem. Revealing difficulties of teachers working with children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities in Armenia will allow to conduct primary educational diagnostics, adjust the content and methods of working with these children to their special educational needs, and design supportive educational environment. Conclusions. The findings indicate the need for systematic assistance to teachers working with children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities to identify difficulties within the educational process, close cooperation with multidisciplinary teams or professionals from resource centers, which, in its turn, contributes to the creation of a unified system of assistance to teachers working with children with severe and multiple developmental disabilities in Armenia.

К интерпретации параллелей между онтогенезом и историческим развитием мышления

Author(s): Peeter Tulviste / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 1/1977

Как при семиотическом анализе текстов традициональных культур, так и при экспериментально-психологическом изучении мышления в этих культурах обнаруживаются совпадения между мышлением взрослых людей из традициональных групп и мышлением европейских детей. Во многих случаях и то, и другое более или менее одинаково отличаются от мышления человека, получившего школьное образование.

КОНЦЕПТ ОРИЈЕНТАЦИЈЕ НА УМ ДЈЕТЕТА: ОСНОВНЕ ПОСТАВКЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ

Author(s): Dejan Kantar,Jelica Petrović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 172/2019

Концепт оријентације на ум представља важан допринос разумијевању интеракције мајке и дјетета у свјетлу афективне везаности. Уобличен је у настојању да се објасни утицај сензитивног родитељства на формирање сигурне афективне везаности. Иако се истраживања у вези с овим концептом спроводе посљедњих двадесетак година, домаћи аутори који су се бавили социјално-емоционалним развојем само су га узгред помињали, и то као један од фактора који утичу на развој сигурне везаности, односно као механизам којим се може објаснити трансгенерацијски пренос образаца афективне везаности. Стога ће се, с обзиром на његов значај и актуелност, у овом раду детаљније представити концепт оријентације на ум. Пажња ће, прије свега, бити посвећена поријеклу и развоју саме идеје, а затим ће бити описани начини процјене те представљени резултати истраживања важних за освјетљавање теоријске позадине овог феномена. Осим тога, биће предочена и веза оријентације на ум с другим концептима насталим у покушају да се додатно расвијетли квалитет интеракције родитеља и дјетета.

Кризата на юношеството

Author(s): Stela Y. Vichkova,Magdalena Hr. Stancheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2020

The adolescence is a special period of human development, filled with a variety of challenges and intense biological, social and psychological changes. The period is a kind of transition from childhood to adulthood and is associated with overcoming a crisis, the result of which significantly affects coping and adaptation to situations that cause frustration and loss of control in life in general. This article examines one of the most thoroughly studied periods of human development - adolescence and the crisis of adolescence as one of the mandatory crises in development.

Личностни детерминанти на субективното усещане за кариерен успех при учители

Author(s): Sezgin Bekir,Ergyul Tair / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/2021

The results of a study of ego states, self-esteem and life positions effects on teachers’ subjective career success are presented. The sample includes 324 teachers between 24 and 65 years. The results obtained present preferences for the ego states Nurturing Parent and Adult, and for the life position „I am OK, you are OK“, which are manifested through characteristics such as affection, friendliness, analyticalness and devotion to others. The established average self-esteem level suggests for positive attitude towards oneself and career satisfaction. The ego states Natural Child, Caring Parent, Adapted Child, the self-esteem and the life positions „I am OK, you are OK“ and „I am not OK, you are not OK“ have significant effects on subjective career success. Personal characteristics such as empathy, concern for others and the promotion of development lead to a sense of subjective career success. The results are applicable for the implementation оf teacher competency improvement programs, which will not only increase their sense of career success, but will also have a positive effect on the quality of the educational process.