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SEPARATION-INDIVIDUATION PROCESSES IN ADULTHOOD

Author(s): Vesna Anđelković / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

The concept of separation-individuation is one of the most influential paradigms that sprang from the psychoanalytical theory. The process of separation-individuation takes place during the lifetime and significantly influences every phase of development in the life-long cycle. Even though this process is determined by the previous experience in adulthood, it is not the copy of the childhood experiences. This paper elaborates on some of the following midlife developmental tasks which influence separation-individuation processes: 1) accepting the aging process in the body; 2) coming to terms with time limitation and personal death; 3) maintaining intimacy; 4) transforming the relationship with grown-up children by letting them go and establishing the relationship with new family members; 5) becoming a grandparent; 6) caring for aging and dying parents; 7) exercising and relinquishing power in the workplace; and 8) building and maintaining friendships.

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FAMILY CONTEXT OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH WHO EXHIBIT VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

Author(s): Marija Marković / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2015

This paper seeks to clearly distinguish the factors of family context for which it is found that may represent particular risk factors for the appearance and perpetuation of anti-social behavioral patterns in children and youth. We considered not only the structural family characteristics of future bullies, but also the integrative-disintegrative processes within the family. The paper aims to clearly distinguish family factors for which there is strong empirical evidence about their impact on the formation of future bullies. The general assumption is that there are certain specific family contexts, certain family variables that favor the emergence and perpetuation of patterns of violent behavior in children and youth. It is important to acknowledge these factors, because of the fact that certain family circumstances represent risk factors for violent behavior of children and youth. Therefore, their acknowledgement and their identification represent the starting point of interventive and preventive actions of society and its institutions towards solving the problem of violence.

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Nadpobudliwość psychoruchowa — kryteria diagnostyczne, przebieg i trudności na różnych etapach rozwoju

Author(s): Elżbieta Januszewska,Andrzej Januszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Aention deficit hyperactivity disorder is most commonly diagnosed at school age, when it reveals itself through the difficulties children face in connection with such things as attention deficit, excessive hyperactivity and impulsiveness, all of which may problematize studying at school. It should be noted that the initial symptoms of ADHD, which may already be present in early childhood, can alter with age, and may also change according to situation. e aim of this article is to explore the diagnostic criteria for aention deficit hyperactivity disorder while giving special consideration to the different symptoms occurring at successive stages of child development and also outlining those behavioural and emotional disorders that co-occur with ADHD.

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ADHD a problem dysleksji u dzieci w wieku szkolnym

Author(s): Elżbieta Januszewska,Izabella Januszewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

Relative to their peers, learning difficulties are more oen observable among children with aention deficit hyperactivity disorder – something which may oen cause a discrepancy between the “estimated” intelligence of the child and the results that they achieve at school. ere are reasons to think that ADHD may be co-occurring with other learning disorders, including specific difficulties with reading and writing typical of developmental dyslexia: this would be the case for 15 to 30 percent of people with ADHD. e aim of this article is to describe the relationship between the typical symptoms of ADHD and of developmental dyslexia in the areas of visual and auditory perception, as well as of motor disorders. Due to the frequent comorbidity of both disorders, they can be defined as combined disorders, which require complex diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

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SOME DETERMINANTS OF THE PERCEPTION OF WORK–FAMILY CONFLICT: A DYADIC APPROACH

Author(s): Ana Šimunić,Maja Pandža,Ljiljana Gregov / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

The general aim of this study was to examine the contribution of perceived social support from family, the quality of family function-ing, attitudes about marital roles, and striving for achievement to the perceived conflict between work and family roles by using a dyadic approach. Namely, the interaction of spouses’ perceptions was taken into account (actor and partner effects) in predicting work-to-family and family-to-work conflicts. This study was con-ducted on a sample of 176 employed married couples in the ter-ritory of central and western Herzegovina and central Dalmatia. Self-assessment questionnaires were used. In women, social support from family was a significant predictor for both examined types of work–family conflicts, and partner effects were greater than actor effects, especially for family-to-work conflict. Both part-ners’ striving for achievement was a positive predictor of family-to-work conflict in women, while there was only a contribution of the actor striving for achievement to both types of work–family conflict in men. In men, the only partner effect was obtained in the relationship between social support from family and family-to-work conflict. In general, the results indicated that the assess-ments of male spouses were more related to their wife’s work–family conflict than vice versa, and that these variables were more related to family-to-work conflict than to work-to-family conflict.

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A felnőtté válás lehetőségei és útvesztői: a "készülődő felnőttség" és kapunyitási krízis

Author(s): Szende Elekes / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

Contrary to Erikson’s developmental theory, nowadays it is a common phenomenon that identity achievement goes well beyond adolescence, extending even until the end of the twenties. Jeffrey Arnett suggested that in industralized socities a new life stage has occured between the ages 18 and 25, calling it emerging adulthood. Th is period that is neither adolescence, nor young adulthood, poses no normative expectations and obligatory adult roles on the youngster. It is a prolonged moratorium, that allows the person to explore several adult roles, without being obliged to commit themselves in a certain job or relationship. Although emerging adulthood is an „age of possibilities” for many, transition to adulthood may mean a crisis for many young people in their twenties, especially the transition from school to work. Th e unpredictability of the too many choices, the constant change can place a huge burden on today’s youth, and it results in anxiety, depression and hopelessness. This is in fact an identity crisis, where life goals, values and the whole person are questioned. The person in crisis needs social support or even professional help to conquer the crisis, set up new goals and take decisions.

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Exploring Children’s Agency in a Designed Atelier: A Socio-Material Perspective

Author(s): Elisa Cattaruzza / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

This paper aimed to explore the interplay between the socio-material configuration of a designed atelier and children’s agency. Ateliers were designed for and utilized by children aged 8–11 years. The material properties of the atelier and the expressions of agency are analyzed as interdependent rather than dualistic elements. In this study, agency was distributed and emerged in relation to the socio-material environment. The paper concluded with reflections about pedagogical and research implications to adopt a socio-material approach.

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ORIENTĂRI TEORETICE PRIVIND STUDIUL SINGURĂTĂȚII LA TINERI

Author(s): Victoria Plămădeală / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2017

This article is a synthesis of conducted researches in field of loneliness psychology, in order to reveal the feeling of loneliness and its manifestation at young adults. At this age, the main hazard represent the excessive self-concern or avoidance of interpersonal relationships. The inability to establish personal relationships of trust leads to loneliness. The causes and factors findings that could trigger loneliness, as well as their effects on young adults reflect a multi-featured phenomenon of this complex and ambiguous condition. The clear depiction deficiency of loneliness approach among young adults shows that this phenomenon may have different distinctions. As a prerequisite for personal development, as well as a multitude of causes, these can be expressed through various contexts of social isolation disclosure (voluntary or forced) and life consequences of young individual. All of the above represent an additional need of developing the loneliness concept of young, based on an integrated approach and orientedtowards structuring the control of loneliness and empirical data-bases.

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PARTICULARITĂȚILE MANIFESTĂRII TIMIDITĂȚII LA ADOLESCENȚI

Author(s): Diana Ștefăneț / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2017

The article addresses the timidity issue in age of adolescence. The main causes and triggering situations are detailed. In order to establish the particularities of timidity at adolescents’ was organized an experimental-psychological research on a sample of 55 students from CEEF. The results are represented by 4 applied psycho-diagnostic techniques, which elucidates the trigger factors, as well as the frequency of timidity at adolescents. Lastly, are proposed a series of recommendations which reduce shyness: knowing and accepting one’s own personality, forming a proper self-assessment, developing self-confidence, developing communication and social skills, developing positive thinking and certainly, the specialized help in serious cases.

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STUDIU COMPETENŢEI DE SELF-MANAGEMENT AL ACTIVITĂŢII DE ÎNVĂŢARE LA STUDENŢI

Author(s): Lilia LAȘCU / Language(s): Romany Issue: 3-4/2017

This article aims to determine at modern students, the learning activity level of self-management competence. In this context are acquainted the students’ learning activity criteria for determining the self-management level of competence, the performance indicators regarding the assessment of nominated level and it was elaborated the training instrumental tools in determining the level of students’ learning activity self-management competence. This article provides the study reported data, being processed statistically and analyzed textually.

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DIFERENȚELE DE GEN LA ELEVII CU COMPORTAMENT AGRESIV DIN ROMÂNIA

Author(s): Steliana Rizeanu,Corina CUCUI / Language(s): Romany Issue: 3-4/2018

The article treats an increasingly problematic issue in the Romanian society to the students enrolled in the Romanian mass schools and it has focused on identifying the direct or indirect relationship between the aggressive behavior of the students involved in the research and the gender differences, but also in relation with their level of emotional maturity. The study has included the actuality of the research, the objective, the purpose, the assumptions, the conceptual basis and the methodology of the research. As the result of the data interpretation and correlations, was established a non-influence relationship between students aggressiveness and gender differences, taking also into consideration their level of emotional maturity, which doesn’t play a significant role in defining behaviors. Girls have been masculinized and increasingly adopt aggressive behavior similar to boys.

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ASPECTE ALE CAPACITĂŢII MNEZICE LA PREŞCOLARII CU DISLALIE POLIMORFĂ.

Author(s): Valentina Olărescu,Diana Alina Buganu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2018

Dyslalia appears in the child as a learning disability or a developmental disorder that can be related to work memory defi cits. From this perspective, we can say that dyslalia can be maintained by an atypical development of working memory. The evaluation of working memory in polymorphic preschool education would allow the identifi cation of defi cits in mental functioning as a basis for designing mimetic stimulation programs at this age that can be applied concurrently with dissemination programs to accelerate progress in language development and communication to these subjects. Studying the link between the presence of polymorphic dyslalia and the mental capacity in preschoolers, as well as addressing the diffi culties in memory and oral language from the perspective of the verbal information processing model, are important for fi nding more eff ective solutions to early speech therapy.

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ABORDARE TEORETICĂ A PERSONALITĂŢII TINERILOR INFRACTORI CARE AU SĂVÂRŞIT INFRACŢIUNI CONTRA PATRIMONIULUI

Author(s): Stanislav CEBOTARI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2018

This article describes through theoretical point of view the personality traits of young offenders who have committed crimes against patrimony. There are a lot of similar characteristics of them with other types of offenders but at the same time there are special defining elements of them. The analysis of the literature developed by the scholars in the field from different countries and different periods of development of the society allows us to more accurately portray the personality profile of the young offenders who committed crimes against the patrimony.

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SENTIMENTUL DE GELOZIE LA TINERI (în normalitate şi patologie)

Author(s): Lucia Savca,Tatiana Trubca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2019

The feeling of jealousy of young people is a phenomenon with various consequences that is, on the one hand, connected to family violence or family breakdown, or on the other hand, it’s about refuge in the psychosomatic. The study has revealed that most of the youth, more precisely 87.5% of them, live the feeling of jealousy in various intensity. It has been found that beyond gender variable, there are no significant differences in experiencing the feeling of jealousy. The comparison of the two groups of individuals in normality and with comorbidity has revealed that 97.5% of the people with health problems experience the feeling of moderate and intense jealousy.

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PROGRAM COMPLEX DE DEZVOLTARE A COMUNICĂRII LA PREȘCOLARII MARI CU TULBURĂRI DE LIMBAJ

Author(s): Dorina PONOMARI / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2019

The pre-school age of the child is a vertiginous period, sensitive to the development of mental phenomena and processes. Language has a number of functions, including communication, organization of ideas and activity, setting and accumulation of social-historical experience, regulation of mental processes. The inadequacy of studies on the communication of pre-school children with language disorders and its development in the context of the recovery of language disorders has motivated us to carry out the current research.

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Features of Authenticity Development in Future Psychologists

Author(s): Halyna Radchuk,Zoriana Adamska,Maria Oliynyk,Mariya Oliynyk / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

The article addresses an acute problem of contemporary psychology - theoretical and empirical study of authenticity development in students - future psychologists. Understanding of the authenticity of psychologists as a professionally important integral personal characteristic is described based on a theoretical analysis of existing approaches in Ukrainian and foreign psychology. This construct manifests itself in respectful attention and fair treatment of oneself and own feelings, recognition of own value which makes clients feel that they are understood and accepted. This helps clients understand and accept their own feelings, learn to trust themselves, find strength to realize their own uniqueness, and acquire the ability for self-development. The Authenticity Scale methodology by Alex M. Wood, P. Alex Linley, J. Maltby, M. Baliousis and S. Joseph was used in an empirical research of the authenticity development features in future psychologist – graduates of the bachelor's degree (adaptation of S. Nartova-Bochaver, V. Bardadimova). The basis for this methodology is personality focused understanding of authenticity, which has three levels: self-alienation, authenticity of self-expression and acceptance of external influence.Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the obtained results show that most students – future psychologists – have high level of awareness about their authenticity. At the same time, a majority of students show dependence from thoughts, evaluations and expectations of their environment, as well as insufficient level of understanding of themselves and their inner world, which, in turn, can lead to self-alienation. There is also correlation between the empirical indicators on the Autheticity Scale and the age of the respondents. It has been established that with age the level of awareness of own authenticity, the ability to uphold own beliefs and live in accordance with own values gradually decrease.

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Dezvoltarea conștiinței fonologice la vârsta preșcolară

Author(s): Ionuța MUNTEAN / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 2/2017

The child's ability to perceive language, as a structure consisting of a limited set of sounds or phonemes can be considered to be one of the greatest conceptual constructs of the human mind.The purpose of the present study was to train and develop the phonological abilities of preschool children basedon an intervention program based on the activities of building, exposing, analyzing and solving different tasksof phonological awareness, a program included in the daily activities of language education. It was alsoconsidered to compare the results of children in two groups: the experimental group after conducting thephonological awareness development plan and the control group after the traditional language educationactivities, according to the curriculum for pre-school education

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КОНЦЕПТ ОРИЈЕНТАЦИЈЕ НА УМ ДЈЕТЕТА: ОСНОВНЕ ПОСТАВКЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ

Author(s): Dejan Kantar,Jelica Petrović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 172/2019

Концепт оријентације на ум представља важан допринос разумијевању интеракције мајке и дјетета у свјетлу афективне везаности. Уобличен је у настојању да се објасни утицај сензитивног родитељства на формирање сигурне афективне везаности. Иако се истраживања у вези с овим концептом спроводе посљедњих двадесетак година, домаћи аутори који су се бавили социјално-емоционалним развојем само су га узгред помињали, и то као један од фактора који утичу на развој сигурне везаности, односно као механизам којим се може објаснити трансгенерацијски пренос образаца афективне везаности. Стога ће се, с обзиром на његов значај и актуелност, у овом раду детаљније представити концепт оријентације на ум. Пажња ће, прије свега, бити посвећена поријеклу и развоју саме идеје, а затим ће бити описани начини процјене те представљени резултати истраживања важних за освјетљавање теоријске позадине овог феномена. Осим тога, биће предочена и веза оријентације на ум с другим концептима насталим у покушају да се додатно расвијетли квалитет интеракције родитеља и дјетета.

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Psychological factors related to the development of the communication competences in the first year of life

Author(s): Speranța Rodica Pantelie / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The first year of life is an essential phase for all psychological areas in the child development. The key competences, vital for all development processes of the child, focus on the communication and the socio-emotional competencies, mostly because the infant is strongly dependent of adult care environment. The quality of the primary caregiving relationship can configure the cognitive, affective and social development of the child in the first year of life. This study is aiming to identify the objective and psychological factors related to the development of early communication competences of the child in the first year of life and to identify the best predictors of these competencies, in order to conceptualize the best strategies to help the parents in their parental educational tasks and to prevent any delays in infant development. The study identifies a complex system of factors influencing the infant's communication skills, the prerequisites of communication being in relation both with the individual characteristics of the child in the first year of life, mainly the temperament and resilience, and with maternal and paternal factors, such as emotional maturity, patterns of primary attachment of the parents and the mother/father reflective functioning.

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Self-esteem – the Decisive Difference between Bullying and Assertiveness in Adolescence?

Author(s): Ioana Dârjan,Mihaela Negru,Dan Ilie / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The extensive literature and researches on bullying illustrate the connections between self-esteem and the bullying phenomenon, asserting that both faces, bullying, and being bulliedare related to some degrees with low self-esteem. Considering the bullying behavior as aform of aggressivity and being bullied as an expression of passive behavior, this studyintroduces the third subject of inquiry: the assertive behavior. The study investigates theimpact of self-esteem on assertiveness, passive vs. aggressive conduct, and positiveinteractions among high school students. While these aspects were usually investigated atan early age, this study approaches them in adolescence, involving 82 adolescent studentsfrom high schools from Timisoara, with diverse specializations. The need to fit, the need foracceptance, and the fear of social rejection increase in adolescence. At this age of dramaticchanges, students are susceptible to verbal, physical, or emotional bullying, with an essentialimpact on their self-esteem, as they are very dependent on peers' approval, perceptions andreactions. Healthy self-esteem and assertiveness might be powerful tools to fight againstbullying, but there is very little focus on teaching them in traditional education. This studyshows the strong correlation between self-esteem and assertiveness, and the predispositionof students with low self-esteem to passive or aggressive types of interactions.

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