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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE GOVERNMENT’S REMEMBRANCE POLICY

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE GOVERNMENT’S REMEMBRANCE POLICY

Author(s): Patryk Wawrzyński,Marek A. Muszyński,Gabriela Czarnek,Ralph Schattkowsky / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The paper presents results of the experimental study on the government’s remembrance policy, attitudes towards it, and the influence of remembrance narratives. It discusses individual differences of participants on three different grounds: (1) interest in history or politics, and level of historical knowledge, (2) features of cognitive motivation measured by the need for closure questionnaire: preference of order, desire for predictability, discomfort with ambiguity, closed mindedness and decisiveness, and (3) response to the presented narrative, including inspired emotions and an assessment of a story. Collected data and research observations offer an interesting and valuable insight into relationships between various factors and citizen’s support for the remembrance policy. They also lead the team to formulate three conclusions which may be used to develop theoretical understandings of this aspect of politics within political science and related disciplines.

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ДИКТАТЪТ НА ТЕЛЕВИЗИОННИЯ ОБРАЗ В МЕДИАКУЛТУРАТА

ДИКТАТЪТ НА ТЕЛЕВИЗИОННИЯ ОБРАЗ В МЕДИАКУЛТУРАТА

Author(s): Rossen Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

The article explores how the TV image creates its own form of a dictate on the viewer’s consciousness and how during the years the content of the TV picture is entering into the media culture, step by step, and is taking a big part of its territory. The image and the speech inform, manipulate, challenge, through creating their own specific and emotional dictate over the different TV audiences. Why is the recipient creating its own social peace and intimacy with the TV screen? This is the main question, which the article is exploring.

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Verbalne strategije majki djece različita spola pri 1pomaganju u rješavanju kognitivnih problemskih zadataka

Verbalne strategije majki djece različita spola pri 1pomaganju u rješavanju kognitivnih problemskih zadataka

Author(s): Lara Cakić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2015

The aim of the study was to investigate maternal verbal strategies in the process of scaffolding their children to complete cognitive tasks in the zone of proximal development, and to examine whether mothers used different verbal strategies with children of different sex. The study was conducted with mothers (N = 80) and their children (41 boys and 39 girls) aged 5 to 7. The dyads were video recorded during interaction on problem-solving tasks and the recordings were analyzed. The analysis of maternal verbal reactions was conducted after child's correct and after child's incorrect answer when children provided first incorrect and, later, correct answers. In this study there were no significant differences between maternal verbal strategies used either in the process of scaffolding children of different sex on problem-solving tasks or after the children solved the problem correctly. When children offered an incorrect answer, the most frequent maternal strategy was to encourage girls to re-think and to use the technique of scaffolding for boys. When the correct answer was given after one or a number of failed attempts, the most frequent maternal verbal strategy for boys and girls was to confirm its correctness.

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Slobodné konanie a vedecké metódy skúmania

Slobodné konanie a vedecké metódy skúmania

Author(s): Ľuboš Rojka / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 3/2015

Experience of free decision-making is, according to D. Pereboom, illusory, because there is no evidence of a change of the probabilities predicted from the observation of the brain activity. P. van Inwagen, for similar reasons, declares free will agency unknowable. The probabilistic models used by Pereboom a van Inwagen are limited. For an evidence about the influence of free will on human life, one needs to go into the field of scientific psychology. The goal of scientific methods in psychology is similar to empirical methods, and there are four important elements in their research: the description of the events, prediction of the future events, explanation of the causal relations among these events, and application of the acquired knowledge to improvement of human life. These four individual steps can demonstrate objectively observable influence of the libertarian free will on human behavior

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Социально-психологические особенности политического мировоззрения и политической активности современной интеллигенции

Author(s): Inna Nikolaevna Kuleshova,Vadim Konstantinovich Minnikov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2016

The article shows the role of intelligentsia in formation of the political agenda. Shown is the problem of political participation of the contemporary intelligentsia depending on its world outlooks, the relations of intelligentsia to political system and its elements. Considered is the ratio of the cognitive and emotional bases of political outlook of the contemporary intelligentsia as well as its mythological bases. Investigated is the structure of the views which are the cornerstone of political outlook.

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ВЛИЯНИЕ НАПРЯЖЁННОСТИ УЧЕБНОЙ СИТУАЦИИ НА СТРУКТУРНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНУЮ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЮ ПОЗНАВАТЕЛЬНЫХ СОСТОЯНИЙ СУБЪЕКТА

Author(s): Aleksandr Oktyabrinovich Prokhorov,Albert Valentinovich Chernov,Mark Gennadyevich Yusupov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article examines the influence of various situations of educational activity on structural and functional organization of cognitive mental states. Based on the system approach, it was found that, depending on the learning situation, cognitive states perform functions of activation of intrapsychic orientation (lecture), activation of cognitive activity and mobilization of intellectual resources (seminar), and self-regulation of educational activity and the related emotional states (examination). It is shown that the increase of the situation’s tension leads to the strengthening of integration between cognitive states and the growth of the role of selfregulation and value-conceptual sphere in the overall structure of the state.

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ОБ ИНДИКАТОРАХ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО МАСТЕРСТВА ПЕДАГОГА

Author(s): Valerian Faritovich Gabdulkhakov,Leonid Mikhailovich Popov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

The article reveals indicators of professional skills of a teacher, considered in the context of development of students’ creative abilities. The study focuses on the creative communication between a teacher and a student during educational process, which was activated in the course of experiments using various technological procedures. As a result, 11 indicators of professional skills of a teacher (empathic, reflective, cognitive, attractive, etc.) were identified. Consideration of these indicators in educational practice will increase the efficiency of methodological guidance of teaching process.

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ПРОБЛЕМА ДОСТОВЕРНОСТИ ЛИТЕРАТУРНЫХ МЕМУАРОВ И СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ НЕЙРОФИЗИОЛОГИИ ПАМЯТИ

Author(s): Leah Efimovna Bushkanets / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

The works on literary chronology, which largely remains at the positions of positivism, have claimed until now that a memoirist should be trustworthy and try to avoid mistakes. The modern neurophysiological works are developing a new concept of memory, according to which memories are constantly “rewritten” by the brain, regardless of their author’s integrity. New methodological problems faced by the study of literature in this situation are considered in the paper.

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EMOTIONAL CONTENT EXTRACTION AND COMPETITION FOR ATTENTIONAL RESOURCES IN HUMAN VISUAL CORTEX

Author(s): Matthias M. Müller,Valeria Dmitriyevna Bekhtereva / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

In our visual environment, emotional stimuli play an important role. They provide pivotal information about potential danger or threat that trigger defensive actions, or, conversely, prompt approach behaviour when confronted with pleasant and appetitive stimuli. A long lasting debate revolves around the question as to whether emotional stimuli have the potential to attract attention involuntarily, and thus, bias attentional resources in their favour in order to gain preferential stimulus processing. Furthermore, it is not yet known to what extent that competition for processing resources relies on higher-order cognitive processes, such as the extraction of the emotional content of a certain image. In a series of four electrophysiological studies that we review here, we aimed to investigate to what degree attentional resource allocation towards emotional stimuli is linked to the higher-order process of emotional cue extraction. Our results strongly indicated that the speed at which emotional cue extraction can be performed influences the latency of the attentional resource bias in early visual cortex. Moreover, affective images are required to be displayed for sufficient time that allows for emotional content identification, in order to result in neural facilitation for emotional compared to neutral images in early visual areas of the human brain. The present findings open further insights into affective stimulus processing speed and highlight frequency tagging technique that allows extracting the so-called steady-state visual evoked potential as a powerful tool in investigating neural dynamics in visual cortex activity.

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ФОРМАЛЬНО-ЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ МЫШЛЕНИЕ ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ ПРИ РАЗНОМ УРОВНЕ КУЛЬТУРНОЙ КОНГРУЭНТНОСТИ

Author(s): Larisa Faritovna Bayanova,Timur Ravilevich Mustafin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

The results of the empirical research on the specifics of formal and logical thinking of preschoolers with different levels of cultural congruence are discussed in the paper. Using the methods for assessment of formal and logical thinking, it is found that children with the high level of cultural congruence (i.e., complying with rules in the normative situation) are characterized by the high level of formal and logical thinking. The levels of generalization and establishment of the cause-and-effect relationships as indicators of formal and logical thinking in preschoolers appear to be positively correlated with their cultural congruence.

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ТЕМПОРАЛЬНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОСТРАНСТВ ОБРАЗА ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ

Author(s): Aleksandr Oktyabrinovich Prokhorov,Albert Valentinovich Chernov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2015

The paper is devoted to the study of semantic spaces at the imaginative level of mental states’ representations. The association characteristics, categorical bases, and proximity/distance of mental states’ images in increasing periods of time are examined. The specificity of semantic spaces of metal states’ images, their proximity/distance, categorization, and structuring patterns in the dynamics of time are shown.

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How is Consciousness (rnam shes) Related to Wisdom (ye shes)? The Eighth Karma pa on Buddhist Differentiation and Unity Models of Reality

How is Consciousness (rnam shes) Related to Wisdom (ye shes)? The Eighth Karma pa on Buddhist Differentiation and Unity Models of Reality

Author(s): David Higgins / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

This study examines how Mi bskyod rdo rje (1507‒1554), the Eighth Karma pa of the Karma Bka’ brgyud lineage, articulates and defends a key distinction between consciousness (rnam shes) and wisdom (ye shes). The first paper focuses on the author’s clarification of the distinction both as an accurate account of the nature and structure of human consciousness and as an indispensable principle of Buddhist soteriology. Arguing that human beings have two “concurrent but non-convergent” modes of awareness, conditioned and unconditioned, Mi bskyod rdo rje urges the practitioner to discern amidst the adventitious flux of dichotomic thoughts an innate non-dual mode of awareness that is regarded as the ground and goal of the Buddhist path. That the recognition of their difference is the key to realizing their underlying unity is central to the Karma pa’s response to the perennial Buddhist problem of reconciling two divergent Buddhist models of reality: [1] a differentiation model based on robust distinctions between conventional and ultimate truths or realities (saṃvṛtisatya versus paramārthasatya) and their associated modes of cognition and [2] an identification (yuganaddha) model of the two realities (satyadvaya : bden gnyis) which emphasizes their underlying unity. This article concludes with an annotated translation and critical edition of a short text by the Karma pa on the subject entitled “Two minds in one person? A Reply to the Queries of Bla ma Khams pa” (bla ma khams pa’i dris lan mi gcig sems gnyis).

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Ελπήνωρ, πως ήρθες… Analiza i interpretacja wiersza Elpenor Takisa Sinopulosa z uwzględnieniem teorii amalgamatów myślowych

Ελπήνωρ, πως ήρθες… Analiza i interpretacja wiersza Elpenor Takisa Sinopulosa z uwzględnieniem teorii amalgamatów myślowych

Author(s): Magdalena Krzemieniewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2014

This paper attempts to analyze and interpret the poem Elpenor, written by the modern Greek poet Takis Sinopoulos. The methodology used is based mainly on the Fauconnier’s and Turner’s theory of conceptual blending and the main purpose of this article is to prove that this theory can be adjusted in order to interpret and analyze literature. According to this idea, mental spaces, which are interpreted as small packages of terms constructed during thinking and speaking for the purpose of ad hoc understanding and acting, by the human mind are blended to only intuitively understandable cognitive amalgams. Using this method, we can conclude that by re-telling the story of Homeric character, Sinopulos shows the picture of contemporary Greece and the problems which torment it. Moreover, careful analysis allows also to find other, more specific analogies between this little-known fragment of Odyssey and the condition of modern Greece.

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Czy mówimy tym samym językiem? Analiza języka urojeń

Czy mówimy tym samym językiem? Analiza języka urojeń

Author(s): Adrianna Smurzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2016

The aim of this article is a problem of delusional language. The author cites some statements made by patients, both with monothematic and polithematic delusions. She also indicates main difficulties in understanding and interpreting such statements and hypotheses explaining differences between delusional and non-delusional language. She also proposes further ways of exploring delusional language.

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COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY -FROM UNDERSTANDING TO MAKING A PLAN-

COGNITIVE DECLINE IN THE ELDERLY -FROM UNDERSTANDING TO MAKING A PLAN-

Author(s): Andreea Zamfirescu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

Longevity is a success. Cognitive decline appears in the context of ageing. Physiological cognitive decline must be differentiated from pathological degradation which leads to disease, the final form being dementia. The current pharmaceutical therapeutic possibilities for neurocognitive disorders are limited; succeeding only in slowing down the evolution of the disease and in lessening some behavioural disorders, yet in more than 10 years there has been no improvement in the field. Other methods, using communication means, such as physical exercise, therapy through dancing, music and painting seem to be more efficient at certain levels. We can say that communication is a key element in the diagnosis and current treatment of neurocognitive disorders, offering new perspectives for the future.

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The Story of Building Hedy. A Programming Language with Cognitive Science in Mind

Author(s): Felienne Hermans / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This autoethnographic paper is part of a special issue trying to answer the question “How to design or choose languages for programming novices?” I will describe how my programming language Hedy was created, how the initial design goals were formed, how my perspectives on learning and teaching changed along the way, and how Hedy changed with it. The paper also discusses how the Hedy community came to be. Hedy was initially made for my own classroom and teaching, but quickly attracted a community, which I learned a lot from. This special issue has given me a unique opportunity, after 5 years of working on Hedy, to reflect on the process and to learn from it myself, and will hopefully also allow other programming language designers to learn from.

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Специфика психолого-педагогического и клинико-психологического сопровождения лиц с инвалидностью, поступающих в вуз: оценка существующих вариантов запросов

Специфика психолого-педагогического и клинико-психологического сопровождения лиц с инвалидностью, поступающих в вуз: оценка существующих вариантов запросов

Author(s): Olga A. Denisova,Olga L. Lekhanova,Marina A. Kudaka,Tatyana V. Gudina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2024

Introduction. The research problem of this study is to describe the options and specifics of existing requests for psychological, educational and clinical psychological support for people with disabilities entering the university and to summarize the data obtained on the launch of support mechanisms at the university. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the variables in the existing variants of requests for psychological, educational and clinical psychological support for people with disabilities entering the university. Materials and Methods. The research is based on cultural, historical and activity-based approaches, as well as existing scholarly data on the peculiarities of personal and professional development of people with disabilities and information from special education and psychology on psychological, educational, medical and social support for people with special education needs. The study employs empirical and interpretative methods, including testing using the tools of ‘perspektiva-pro’ information regional portal, a survey of applicants with disabilities developed by the Resource training and methodological centers of higher education network and posted on the allRussian portal ‘InclusiveEducation.rf’, analysis of statistical data using the dichotomous Pearson correlation coefficient (φ). The study involved 317 university applicants, school and intermediate vocational school leavers, who have a confirmed status of a person with a disability. The age range of the participants was between 18 to 23 years old, including 140 male and 177 female applying or planning to enter Cherepovets State University or partner universities of the Northwestern Federal District in academic years 2022-2024. Results. The authors found out that the variability of the characteristics of requests for psychological, educational and clinical psychological support for individuals with disabilities entering the university is largely determined by the nosology of the disorder, the degree of limitations of vital functions and the gender of the applicant. The more pronounced are the violations, the more difficult are the perception and processing of information, the more specific and ambitious are the expectations from the university. Moreover, these expectations are more pronounced in male applicants than in female ones. The study determined that the option of requesting support slightly depends on the region, age, previous level of education (school, intermediate vocational school). Psychological, educational, clinical and psychological support for people with disabilities entering the university can be carried out effectively only by a multidisciplinary team, the main result of which is information assistance in defining a professional trajectory aimed at acquiring a profession that promotes health preservation and an independent lifestyle, overcoming disabling attitudes capable of resisting elements of segregation. Conclusions. The article describes the variables included in the structure of existing options for requests for psychological, educational and clinical psychological support for individuals with disabilities entering the university. Based on the findings, the mechanisms for supporting disabled people entering the university were revealed.

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Характеристика трудностей формирования навыка письма у второклассников различных регионов России

Характеристика трудностей формирования навыка письма у второклассников различных регионов России

Author(s): Tatiana A. Filippova,Alla S. Verba,Lyudmila V. Sokolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2025

Introduction. Studying the difficulties of developing writing skills, a basic school skill, is one of the urgent problems of modern education due to the increasing number of students experiencing these difficulties. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the difficulties of writing skills formation in second graders. Materials and Methods. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive analysis of written works by second graders. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis, assessment, methods of mathematical statistics for processing empirical data. Results. Conducting a detailed analysis of written works allowed the authors to identify the most common errors and describe their nature. The authors reveal the main errors associated with poor assimilation of educational material (spelling errors) and the insufficient level of phonetic and phonemic perception (difficulties of sound-letter analysis). The paper provides examples of written works and describes possible causes. Summarizing the data obtained, the authors conclude that a detailed analysis of the nature of errors is necessary to reveal their causes and choose the appropriate approach to remedial work. Conclusions. The study concludes that it is necessary to identify and take into account the nature of difficulties in developing writing skills in order to effectively help students to overcome them. The characteristic features of difficulties described by the authors will allow primary school teachers to adjust their work and improve the effectiveness of writing instruction.

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Perfekcionizam i depresivnost: medijacijska uloga bezuvjetnog samoprihvaćanja

Perfekcionizam i depresivnost: medijacijska uloga bezuvjetnog samoprihvaćanja

Author(s): Dragana Tomić,Enedina Hasanbegović-Anić,Đenita Tuce / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/2019

The goal of the research is to question the mediating role of unconditional self-acceptance on the relation between the negative perfectionism and depression in students. Relying on contemporary research which sees negative perfectionism as a vulnerability factor for developing psychological difficulties, this paper is based upon the REBT theory of ego disturbance, and mediating model suggested by Flett and associates. The research was done on the appropriate sample of students from the University of Sarajevo (N=394), of average age M=21.39 (SD=1.56). Data was collected by group work method. The following psychological instruments were used: Sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, Multidimensional perfectionism scale (socially prescribed perfectionism subscale), Unconditional self-acceptance scale, Zung self-rating depression scale, and Zung self-rating anxiety scale. The results of the mediating analysis show that negative perfectionism variable achieved a significant total (c=.08; 95% CI=.03, .12) and indirect (ab=.04; 95% CI=.02, .06) effect on depression, while the direct effect did not prove to be significant (c’=.04; 95% CI=-.01, .09). These results demonstrate that unconditional self-acceptance has the mediating role in relation between negative perfectionism and depression. Additionally, it has been confirmed that higher level of negative perfectionism contributes to lower unconditional self-acceptance, which then negatively reflects upon the level of depression. These results are in accordance with previous theoretical analyses and may serve as guidelines in creating efficient preventive and treatment interventions in working with students.

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Kognitivno – bihevioralna terapija u tretmanu teške depresivne epizode: prikaz slučaja

Kognitivno – bihevioralna terapija u tretmanu teške depresivne epizode: prikaz slučaja

Author(s): Zlatko Kalabić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2016

Main goal of this work is to show a diagram of cognitive conceptualization with usage of cognitive and behavioural techniques in raising level of patients functioning with severe depression. Basis of my approach to patient was cognitive conceptualization of case based on the cognitive model of disorder. Paper, which in this case resulted in successful achievements. Some techniques used in this case were: Problem solving, Diary of daily activities, Cognitive restructuration, Role play... Patient started working again, and her level of functionality is improved in a family environment. With reducing levels of depression there was an improvement of quality of life and indirectly of her family members too. Efficiency of CBT treatment reflects in successful achievement of the targets set by the patient at the beginning of the therapy: improving appetite and hygiene, raising level of confidence and selfesteem, improving care about herself and her appearance (dressing, haircut), social activation (night outs with friends) and restoring confidence in the other.

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