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This paper is an attempt to systematize important factors in achieving immersion and psychological presence in virtual reality. The author is trying to build a theoretical model of adaptation to VR. From the psychological point of view introduces adaptation concept and other ideas like: temporal markers, the importance of randomness in VR environment, or “emotional triggers”.
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Zacznijmy od dzieci. Fatah (imię zmienione), lat 8, jest małą uchodźczynią z Syrii. Do Włoch przyjechała w kwietniu z Lesbos razem z papieżem Franciszkiem. W Rzymie szybko idzie do szkoły, rozpoczynając zdrową rutynę życia w pokoju, która bardzo pomaga dzieciom wydostać się z piekła wojny. Przez te pierwsze dni Fatah rysuje: zniszczone domy, bomby. Na jej obrazkach nie ma ludzi, lecz wielki czarny krzyż zatknięty nad domem — jej domem, którego teraz już nie ma. Nie trzeba być psychologiem, żeby zrozumieć traumę tych dzieci.
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W dniach 12-13 listopada 2015 roku na Wydziale Filozofi i i Socjologii Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie odbyło się trzecie Otwarte Seminarium Filozofi czno-Psychiatryczne. Zostało ono zatytułowane „Diagnozy współczesności”. Dwie poprzednie edycje seminarium („Psychiatria i fi lozofi a w poszukiwaniu wspólnego języka” oraz „Norma/Patologia”) miały miejsce w Warszawie w siedzibie Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej.
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Review of: Mirosława Parlak - Pomagamy dzieciom w badaniu świata, M. Kwaśniewska, W. Żaba-Żabińska, wydawca: Grupa Edukacyjna S.A., Kielce 2012 (skan okładki ze strony: okazje.info)
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The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of psychological disorders (DSM-5) was published in May, 2013 with a series of changes in the classification and description of psychological disorders. The aim of this paper is to present the main changes in the diagnosis and classification of psychological disorders according to DSM-5. The first and most obvious change in the new version is that the Roman number V is replaced by the Arabic number 5, which reflects the future intention of the American Psychiatric Association for manual to be as responsive to supplements of the information based on the results of new research (revisions would be called DSM 5.1., DSM 5.2., etc.), until the release of a new version of the manual. Axle system (axes I, II, III, IV, and V) from previous editions are replaced by organising DSM-5 by lifelong development, so that the disorders with occurrence in childhood are placed at the beginning of manual, while disorders typical for older age are placed at the end of the manual. Some of the major changes in the DSM-5 are: the integration of the results of the latest research on the genetic and neuropsychological factors related to psychological disorders; integration of autistic disorder, asperger’s disorder and pervasive developmental disorder in one category “autistic spectrum disorder”; separation of anxiety and depressive disorders in the new diagnostic categories; categories supstance use and addictions have been replaced by the term “substance use disorder”. Categorical approach to personality disorders remained unchanged, but alternative, dimensional model is offered too, which separates the assessment of interpersonal functioning and expression of pathological personality traits for the six specific disorders. DSM-5 has also introduced a new category of disorders such as disturbances disruptive mood dysregulation, trichotillomania, excoriation and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It can be concluded that the new changes in the diagnosis and classification of psychological disorders will have a significant impact on researchers, clinicians, the pharmaceutical industry, legal systems, and the general public.
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Post-modernity has radically deformed the traditional ideas connected with entering the role of mother. Old ways of maternal initiation, passed from generation to generation, turned out to be inadequate. The aim of the research was to define socio-cultural factors that change defining and interpreting the key aspects of woman functioning in the first weeks after giving birth to a child. Basing on the gathered narrative interviews there were selected repetitive and subjectively meaning experiences creating the first period motherhood images. The free choice right experience and its psychological consequences, dilemma between natural and medical phenomena interpretation/ pregnancy, delivery, confinement and lactation/, emotional stress determinants or young mothers’ social perception were experience-creating elements of young women experiences. Pedagogical perspective in the analysis and interpretation of aspects connected with entering the role of mother may constitute a contribution in the approach to that present-day women’s life period, as well as in forming a social support for the motherhood.
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The paper offers such description of some imperative-like sentence types in potential well-formed Hungarian utterances which includes a parallel representation of the linguistically encoded intensional profiles of the sentence types and actual information states in potential interlocutors’ minds. In our representational dynamic pragma-semantics framework ℜeALIS, we demonstrate the intensional profiles of the five basic and two “fine-tuned” sentence types as members of a system enabling addressers’ of utterances to express their beliefs, desires and intentions concerning the propositional content of the given utterances as well as the addressees’ and other people’s certain beliefs, desires and intentions (concerning the propositional content, too, or each other’s thoughts). We also provide “case studies” in which actual beliefs, desires and intentions in potential interlocutors’ minds are compared to the linguistically encoded intensional profiles of Hungarian imperative-like sentence types. In this context, the listener’s task is to calculate the speaker’s intentions (and hidden motives) on the basis of the mismatches that this comparison reveals. The paper concludes with an insight into our attempts to model the mind of individuals living with Autism Spectrum Disorder. This latter sub-project is relevant since our framework provides solutions to pragmatic-semantic phenomena “at the cost” of undertaking the complex task of actually representing the structure of the human mind itself – which is not impossible but requires an adequate decision of the level of abstraction and the components to be used.
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The question which has troubled scholars for many decades (or even centuries) is the origin and function of religion. In this article, the author tries to sketch an outline of a new and promising paradigm in the study of religion, i.e. the evolutionary theories of religion. It is widely held belief that this enterprise should further provide an explanatory framework for an enormous amount of data about human religiosity. Such an aim requires giving an overview of the three fundamental Darwinian theories which pertain to this extremely multifaceted phenomenon. The sequence in the overview is like this: (a) a historical and conceptual background, (b) a sociobiological account, (c) a cognitive account, (d) a memetic account. The paper also comprises a short presentation of so-called co-evolutionary perspective, which integrates the above-mentioned outlooks, and some shortcomings of the whole evolutionary program of the study of religion.
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Today the psychology of human‑animal interaction is a rapidly developing field of psychological research in western countries. In Russia there are some isolated works on psychological aspects of interspecies communication between humans and animals but these have not formed a separate research field so far. In order to analyse the causes of the ‘pet relationships’ phenomenon at the levels of needs and personality spheres, we conducted a comparative study of pet owners (n=44) and people who have no pets (n=39). The attached pet owners demonstrated a need for subjectification of the animal and orientation to a definite type of communication. Presentation of the results of this study to the Russian psychological community revealed the problem of acute and active polarization of the scholars regarding the assessment modus of relevance and importance of human–animal studies. Such a reaction could be determined by the level of an individual’s emotional and personal maturity rather than by theoretical or methodological issues.
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The aim of the paper is to draw politico-aesthetic consequences from Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities approach. It is argued that this can be achieved by focusing on the notion of vulnerability implied by the idea of capabilities. The recognition of the vulnerability of the human good inspires a new model of practical rationality based on perception. This idea, in turn, explores the aesthetic connotations of perception implied by its etymology (the ancient Greek for perception being aesthesis). Thus, political aesthetics is understood as the inquiry into the political consequences of the affinity between ethics and aesthetics, as well as the political relevance of the notion of beauty.
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Among the features marking a mystical experience facilitated by certain kind of psychedelic substances researchers singled out the so-called noetic quality, which indicates that mystical experiences can have a cognitive significance. The main goal of my article is then to address the question, whether this cognitive capacity of mystical experience has only a subjective/psychological value, or it should be rather treated as a legitimate kind of cognition. The philosophical aspect of this issue enters the domain of ontology and epistemology, since it concerns the question, whether an object of any cognitive experience has to belong to the physical reality, or a proper cognition can be realized in the reality of symbols. In order to deal with these questions I will refer to the philosophy of H.-G. Gadamer. Even though Gadamer did not investigate altered states of consciousness, I believe his hermeneutics can support a hypothesis that altered states of consciousness provide recognition of reality of symbols.
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The review of: Relewancja. Komunikacja i poznanie by D. Sperber and D. Wilson; przeł. Magdalena Charzyńska-Wójcik, Małgorzata Kata, Iwona Matyjas (rozdz. 1), Ewa Willim (rozdz. 2), Maria Jodłowiec (rozdz. 3), Małgorzata Majewska, Agnieszka Solska (rozdz. 4, posłowie), red. nauk. Maria Jodłowiec, Agnieszka Piskorska, Kraków: Tertium, 2011
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The aim of the article is to analyse the relation between the mind and imagination as the main issue of Gaston Bachelard’s book The Psychoanalysis of Fire. The book was published in 1938 and originated Bachelard’s research on the poetic imagination; however, it extended the research into another project of this French philosopher which he refers to as psychoanalysis of objective cognition. That is why The Psychoanalysis of Fire is a unique book among Bachelard’s achievements – two subjects of the research are connected there: scientific cognition and poetic imagination, which in the further years of Bachelard’s activity are separated. In the context of the article’s main aim, there appears also an interesting theme of psychoanalytic inspiration, introduced by Bachelard to his philosophy in two of his works published in 1938, one of which is The Psychoanalysis of Fire itself.
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Medialized way of perceiving and continual stuffing of reality with moving images have substantial impact on viewer’s perception, and thus on the interpretation of cinematic work. We cannot create contemporary cinema without understanding changes that the film and audiovisual audiences currently undergo. Contemporary audience has become nomadic more now than ever, and the spectator takes part in a grand spectacle that shapes their identity.
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Myths which are sacred or admitted as sacred for humans arise from the needs of people. The end of the universe, World and humans is as important part of the myths as the creation of these. Eschatology Myths are also interwined with the holy one so the myths related to the end of the World are also sacred for the people like the myths about the creation of the World. The most common narratives of this case is Eschatology Myths. The warnings related to the regeneration of the World show themselves clearly in the Cataclysm Myths. For this reason the relationship between Eschatology Myths and Cataclysm Myths make itself felt strongly. Traditional societies create a World for themselves under the guidance of the holy one. The World they established continue to exist under the rules laid down by the holy one. The people living on this World develops these rules by their beliefs, thinking and applications. First of all they put these rules into their lives as oral environment, and then as a writings at a later period. Communities broke those rules will get their punishment by the creator in moral and social fields meaning on this World. In this article how Turks reflected their imagination of the end of the World in their myths, subjects of the eschatology myths, the place of the Turk Eschatology Myths in Mythology and the examples taken from the Turk Cataclysm Myths depending the Turk Eschatology Myths are given and studied.
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Celebrity endorsement is today a frequently used approach across marketing channels. Paper covers the topic of celebrity marketing, celebrities as brands and perception of celebrity that can be influenced by a variety of factors with the emphasis on promotion of non-profit organizations. Presented research compares perception of celebrity concept in relation to concepts of self, commercial advertising and social advertising within a perception map consisting of bipolar attributes from semantic differential regarding the subgroup of adolescent respondents.
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This article tries to explain the function of language, the meaning of speaking, inclusively their relevant theories, according the system of human mental activity and linguistics. First of all there is an effort to answer the questions: How does this system work, how is a matter assumed, how does communication work after all and what’s the meaning of rationality? The definition is based on academic facts by linguists and philosophers. With their help a detection of the effectiveness of “communication phases” will be exemplified. Instead of using wits on priority, (here) the foundation is the way of thinking and its mental language; through them an explanation: “seeing through a language” will be more understandable. Basis for this analysis is the communication of the blind.
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This article reveals different aspects of the color theory of Wasilly Kandinsky, which was set out in his treatise Über das Geistige in der Kunst: Insbesondere in der Malerei published in 1911. This theory – an ode to spiritual and abstract art – was inspired by non-classical philosophy, W. Worringer and the aesthetic attitudes of Eastern art. It had a strong impact on the Bauhaus design school even before the author of this theory was invited to teach at the Bauhaus in year 1922. The oriental ideas of Kandinsky significantly differed from the ideas of the Bauhaus manifesto, published by Walter Gropius in 1919. His theory encompasses the theme of color along with many other topical issues of the art. One could view this theory as an ontology-based study of the color phenomenon. The problems of art in Kandinsky’s theory have been discussed beyond narrowly-understood aesthetic discourse, along with the philosophical questions of life, death, spirit and matter.
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The article discusses perceptions of creative pupil’s characteristics as created by students of preschool and primary education. The issue requires attention for the reason that a teacher’s opinion of creative pupil’s characteristics may influence both the way the educator treats such pupils and the expectations they may have of their learners. The article includes a comparison of ten most characteristic features of a creative pupil selected by conformist and non-conformist students. However, no statistically significant inter group differences have been found. Most of the students participating in the research have accurately identified a creative pupil with creative features of character such as, among many other, ingeniousness, imagination, inventiveness or originality.
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