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Gender and Mobbing: The Case of Turkey

Author(s): Mehmed Zahid Çögenli,Tuncer Asunakutlu,Zeynep Nihan Türegün / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the importance of gender as a causative factor of mobbing, which is one of the prominent problems in today’s occupational life. The study is important in that it brings together the findings of postgraduate theses in Turkey on the subject of mobbing to demonstrate the role of gender. The study was based on a descriptive screening model, since it aims to examine a current phenomenon. Data collection was performed using the document analysis method. In this study, all published doctorate, postgraduate and medical theses in Turkey investigating mobbing incidents in occupational life (281 theses in total) were examined. 213 theses - including 15 doctorate theses, 197 postgraduate theses, and one medical thesis - were included into the study analysis. 37% of these theses indicated that gender has an effect on mobbing. This result indicates that one in three persons in the workplace face mobbing behaviors due to their gender. In conclusion, this study determined that women face mobbing more frequently than men. The results of mobbing studies in Turkey are similar to those conducted around the world, demonstrating that women are at greater risk of mobbing in their occupational lives.

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Yöneticinin Bilgi Paylaşım Davranışının, Çalışanların Bilgi Paylaşımı Sonucu Değersiz Olma Kaygısı Üzerindeki Etkisi ve Algılanan Örgütsel Desteğin Aracı Rolü Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Gül Eser,M. Şebnem Ensari / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2016

Knowledge sharing has a strategic importance in organizations, therefore several solutions and suggestions are proposed to overcome the barriers regarding knowledge sharing and to enable the individual’s knowledge to become the knowledge of the organization. We argue that the most important barrier to knowledge sharing is the fear of losing power and uniqueness that may occur after knowledge sharing, accordingly in this study we examine the effect of knowledge sharing behavior of supervisor and mediating role of organizational support. We suggest that supervisor will act as a role model for employees especially to understand the organizational culture and code of conducts and therefore knowledge sharing of supervisor will decrease employees’ fear of losing value. 217 employees participated in our study and according to analysis knowledge sharing behavior of supervisor decreases employees’ fear regarding knowledge sharing and also the mediating role of organizational support is revealed.

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Bireysel Farklılıklar İle Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlali Arasındaki İlişkide Üstün Desteğinin Aracılık Rolü

Author(s): Canan Nur Karabey,Seda Kayapali Yildirim / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2016

The aim of this study is to determine the individual differences that are effective in the formation of psychological contract breach perception and to examine whether perceived supervisor support has a mediating role in the effect of these differences. Psychological contract refers to each part’s evaluation regarding what will be presented to and received from the other in the employee- organization relationship. Psychological contract breach reflects employee’s assessment that the employer did not bear its responsibilities. It was investigated whether individual differences such as positive affectivity, equity sensitivity and reciprocation wariness has an impact on psychological contract breach and it was addressed whether perceived supervisor support has a mediating role in the impact of these variables. A field study based on random sampling was conducted on a firm having 1500 employees operating in service industry and data were gathered through question forms from 285 employees. After demonstrating the dimensional structures of variables through confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis was conducted through structural equation modelling. It was found that equity sensitivity, reciprocation wariness and positive affectivity didn’t affect psychological contract breach. But perceived supervisor support was found to have a mediation role in the relationship between positive affectivity and psychological contract breach.

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Bir Liderlik Özelliği Olarak Affetme Ve Örgütsel Düzeyde Etkileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Author(s): Emine Şener,F. Ferhat Çetinkaya / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2015

This study is focused on forgiveness notion, which is mainly related to the religion but has significant effects on organizational level. The frequency of the forgiveness studies on the organization and administration level in the Christian culture is more striking than the Muslim culture. But the rational aspect of this notion is addressed rather than the emotional and religious aspects and its personal and organizational effects are explained. The forgiveness notion which is found to be a feature of both transformational and servant leadership in the literature, the things to do to use it as an intervention agent on the organizational level are explained. In this study it is suggested that the reasons why forgiveness is not widely used in practice despite being one of the important element of our culture and qualitative and quantitative research on the use of forgiveness as a culture and intervention agent should be done.

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Güç Mesafesi ve Örgütsel Adaletin Politik Davranışlar Üzerindeki Etkisi

Author(s): Ali Burak Ulus,Aysun Kanbur / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2020

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between employees’ perceptions of power distance and organizational justice and political behavior and determine whether political behaviors decrease with decreasing power distance and organizational justice has a significant and negative effect on political behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – In the research, questionnaire technique was utilized for gathering the data and Power Distance Scale of Dorfman ve Howell (1988), Organizational Justice Scale of Niehoff ve Moorman (1993) and Political Behavior Scale of İslamoğlu ve Börü (2007) were used. Gathered data were evaluated by the help of statistical analyses and correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed to test the hypotheses of the research. Findings – As a result of the findings, it has been determined that reducing the power distance perception, political behavior and acting concessive, acting hypocritical, trying to ingratiate oneself, making coalition and acting for self-interest as subdimensions of political behavior will be reduce. It has also been found that employees’ perceptions of organizational justice have a significant and negative effect on acting for self-interest as subdimensions of political behavior, and there isn’t found the similar effect on acting concessive, acting hypocritical, trying to ingratiate oneself and making coalition as subdimensions of political behavior. Discussion – Political behavior in organizations is an expected situation. However, it is important for organizations to manage political behavior without causing devastating consequences. In this process, the findings of power distance and organizational justice examined in the research can be taken into consideration in the management process of political behaviors.

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Duygusal Emek ve Hizmet Vermeye Yatkınlık Durumu Arasındaki İlişki: Konaklama Sektörü

Author(s): Ebru Gözen / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2020

Purpose – Due to the unique features of the hospitality industry, it is an important issue that people who want to work in this sector have a personality structure that is prone to service and can display their emotions in accordance with their business policies and strategies. In this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between emotional labor and service orientation. Design/methodology/approach – In accordance with purpose, the relational screening model was used in the research. The study group of the research consists of 328 employees working in 5 star accommodation establishments in Manavgat district of Antalya. In the study, the relationship between emotional labor data set consisting of superficial role playing, deep role playing and natural emotions variables and service orientation variables consisting of enjoying service and meeting service needs were examined by canonical correlation analysis. Findings – As a result of canonical correlation analysis, a significant relationship was found between emotional labor and service orientation, and the common variance shared between data sets was 14%. Discussion – As a result of the research, it is concluded that as the employees’ tendency to provide services increases, their emotional labor level will increase to. At the same time, it can be said that the contribution of the superficial role-playing variable to the emotional labor data set is more important than the contribution of the role -playing and natural behavior variables to the emotional labor data set. It was observed that the contribution of the pleasure to serve variable to the service orientation data set is partly more important, although it is almost the same as the contribution of the variable to meet the service needs to the service orientation data set.

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Sanal Kaytarma Davranışının İş Performansına Etkisinde İşe Bağlılığın Aracı Rolüne Yönelik Bilişim Sektöründe Bir Araştırma

Author(s): Ahmet Tuncay Erdem / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 4/2020

Purpose – This study aims to examine the interactions between the perception of work engagement and work performance of employees' cyberloafing behavior in an IT industry in downtown Konya within the ego-depletion theory framework. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative research method has been applied in the research. In the study, "Cyberloafing Scale" created by Örücü and Yildiz (2014), Schaufeli et al. (2002), "Work Engagement Scale" which has been translated into Turkish by Eryılmaz and Doğa (2012), and "Job Performance" scales created by Sigler and Pearson (2000) have been used. Data have been obtained from the sample through the questionnaire form. The universe of the research consists of 420 employees of a firm operating in informatics in Konya. The sampling frame consists of the usable questionnaire received from 383 employees in this firm. Confirmation factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation model analysis have been applied to the obtained data using SPSS and AMOS programs, and various results have been obtained. Findings – According to the research findings, while cyberloafing has a significant and negative effect on work engagement, there is no significant effect on job performance. It has been determined that work engagement has a significant positive effect on job performance. On the other hand, work engagement does not play a mediating role in the effect of cyberloafing on work performance. Discussion – As a result of the literature review, it has been seen that cyberloafing is a destructive and deviant type of behavior. In this context, a hypothesis has been built that cyberloafing will have a negative effect on job performance and work engagement and that work engagement will have a positive effect on job performance. In the research findings, a positive effect of employees' work engagement on their job performance has been determined. Also, the expected result of the study is that cyberloafing has a negative effect on work engagement. On the other hand, cyberloafing does not affect job performance. Besides, the lack of a mediator effect of work engagement in the relationship between cyberloafing and work performance is considered a result of inconsistent results in the published literature.

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The Mediation of Emotion Regulation Strategies in the Relationship between Internet Addiction and Life Satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Mehmed Ali Yıldız,Okan Uslu / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Background/purpose – The research aimed to examine the mediation of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between Internet addiction and life satisfaction during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Materials/methods – The participants consisted of 357 volunteers, aged 18 or over (257 females, 100 males), who were contacted online during 2021. The study used Young’s Internet Addiction Test-Short Form, the Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale as data collection instruments. The researchers employed descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and mediation analysis to analyze the collected data. Results – The findings of the research revealed a low-level negative (r = -.23, p < .01) significant relationship between Internet addiction and satisfaction with life. A low-level positive (r = .20, p < .01) significant relationship was established between Internet addiction and suppression, whilst no significant relationship was revealed between Internet addiction and reappraisal (r = -.06, p > .05). Based on the mediation analysis, the mediation of reappraisal in the relationship between Internet addiction and satisfaction with life was not shown to be statistically significant, whilst mediation of suppression was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion – It was determined that the model examined in the study explained 11% of the total variance in life satisfaction. According to the results of the study, suppression was shown to be an important variable in the relationship between Internet addiction and life satisfaction. The study’s findings were interpreted and discussed within the framework of the current literature, with various suggestions presented.

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Traumy na pokolenia Wojna i psychologia

Author(s): Natalia Bryżko‑Zapór / Language(s): Polish Issue: 690/2022

Inicjatywy dotyczące pomocy psychologicznej dla uciekających przed wojną Ukraińców zaczęły pojawiać się szybko po rosyjskiej inwazji na Ukrainę i po przybyciu olbrzymiej grupy uchodźców do Polski. Wielu z nich miało objawy zespołu stresu pourazowego, nazywanego inaczej zaburzeniem stresowym pourazowym albo angielskim skrótem PTSD (od: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). Dotyczyło to głównie tych uchodźców, którzy bezpośrednio doświadczyli drastycznych zdarzeń, uciekli spod ostrzałów, z rejonu bezpośrednich działań bojowych, stracili bliskich. U innych można było z góry przewidzieć, że objawy posttraumatyczne z czasem się pojawią. Liczniejsza grupa musiała uciekać z własnego kraju ze strachu przed wojną, nie doświadczywszy jej bezpośrednich skutków. Podczas pobytu w Polsce (lub w innym kraju przyjmującym uchodźców) mogły u nich wystąpić lub – podobnie jak PTSD – dopiero z czasem wystąpią różne formy zaburzeń adaptacyjnych, związanych z koniecznością dostosowania się do nowego miejsca i innej kultury, z brakiem kontaktów z bliskimi lub ze złymi wiadomościami, które nadchodzą z ojczyzny. Tak się właśnie dzieje...

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Pornografia 2.0. Nowe zagrożenia na podstawie studiów przypadków

Author(s): Marlena Stradomska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 42/2023

This article is an attempt to summarize the risks associated with the relatively new phenomenon of pornography. The work has a theoretical and practical dimension, because in addition to the theoretical part and a review of the available literature, aspects related to the presentation of selected examples of a case study from psychological practice regarding the activity in the helpline of the Maria Skłodowska-Curie University in Lublin were addressed. This initiative started in March 2020 with the start of remote work due to the coronavirus. The phone was intended mainly for UMCS students. The essence of the article is to present two case studies of people who used telephone psychological support due to the negative consequences of watching pornography on the Internet. The paper presents a case study of a 29-year-old woman experiencing psychological difficulties after using a pornographic film with her participation without her consent. In addition, the example of a 31-year-old man addicted to pornography and reduced procreative abilities was used. Research on pornography continues to be controversial, and the results of different studies can vary. More research is needed to better understand the impact of pornography on individuals as well as society.

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ХАЗАРТНАТА ЗАВИСИМОСТ КАТО СОЦИАЛЕН ФАКТОР ЗА СИГУРНОСТТА

Author(s): Niko Kukov,Boryana Doneva Kukova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Gambling addiction, also known as „problem” or „compulsive gambling”, is a condition in which a person feels compelled to gamble despite being aware of the negative consequences of doing so and wanting to stop. This is one of the main and current problems of the present day, with immeasurable negatives for the social well-being of society in the foreseeable future. At the same time, timely and/or adequate measures are not taken to cut off and neutralize the harmful consequences of gambling addiction and mainly preventive ones, namely - to provide professional help to those addicted to this condition

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Emotions in Language Learning: Understanding Foreign Language Enjoyment and Anxiety in Higher Education

Author(s): Monika Łodej,Agnieszka Osmoła / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The significant role of emotions in learning was reemphasized during school and university closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, upon returning to campus, cognitive learning outcomes have reclaimed a dominating position in the university curriculum, while affective learning appears to have been disregarded. The present study contributes to the discussion on the significance of socialemotional learning in higher education. Therefore, the primary objective of this inquiry is to trace the perceived levels of foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) in order to understand factors which contribute to their emergence. The research sample comprises 108 Polish university students majoring in English and enrolled in a bachelor’s programme. The findings demonstrate that language enjoyment is more prevalent among participants than language anxiety. The causes of language enjoyment are associated with teacher-student and peer-peer interactions as well as the classroom atmosphere, while language anxiety is reported to be linked to the fear of negative evaluation of students’ academic performance, test anxiety, and communication apprehension. These results suggest that English Department students are not exempt from experiencing language classroom anxiety, and engaging in practical English classes may be a source of a range of positive and negative emotions.

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Perfekcjonizm a obraz ciała w grupie młodych kobiet i mężczyzn

Author(s): WERONIKA RĘBACZ,KATARZYNA WIKIERA,KLAUDIA WIKIERA,Dorota Mącik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

Perfectionism is understood as a personality trait manifested by excessive striving for perfection, high standards and personal criticism. Criticism may concern self-evaluation, behavior, but also one’s body image. The purpose of the study was to investigate how perfectionism is associated with body perception. Aquestion was posed to verify which dimensions of perfectionism have the greatest potential to explain the assessment of representatives of both genders. A total of 213 people were tested, including 108 women (M = 21.76; SD = 2.35). The study used the Big Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS) and Body Esteem Scale (SOC-BES), of which the former was used to research 10 dimensions of perfectionism, and the latter to analyze three dimensions of self-image for women and three dimensions for men. The results of the regression analysis showed that some dimensions of perfectionism significantly explain individual dimensions of body image for both genders. For women, the following were significant: Self-oriented perfectionism, Self-criticism, Doubts about actions, and Hypercriticism. For men, the following were significant: Self-oriented perfectionism, Concern over mistakes, and Doubts about actions. All regression models explained 17% to 28% of the variance in body image assessment, indicating their associations with perfectionism dimensions.

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Perfekcjonizm i samoakceptacja a jakość relacji interpersonalnych

Author(s): LIWIA CHEŁMINIAK,Aleksandra Górska,Dorota Mącik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

People with increased perfectionism have greater interpersonal difficulties. It can also be concluded that low self-acceptance may be associated with difficulties in relationships with others. The aim of the study was to investigate how self-acceptance explains closeness in interpersonal relationships and the level of positive relationships with others. It also focused on how closeness in relationships and the quality of relationships with others is explained by self-acceptance and some sub-dimensions of perfectionism. The sample consisted of 219 adults aged 18–64 (M = 32.63; SD = 12.96) who completed the Perfectionism Scale (BTPS), the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS) and the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (URCS). The statistical methods included correlation and regression analyses. Self-acceptance explains the intensity of positive relationships with others as opposed to closeness in relationships. In terms of perfectionism, positive relationships with others were explained by self-acceptance, self-esteem conditioning and action doubt. The results are a prelude to further research on the relationship between perfectionism, self- -acceptance and interpersonal relationships.

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Three Ways to Read Dąbrowski’s Theory. It Is Not All Flat Here. Constructing a Neo-Dąbrowskian Approach

Author(s): Dominik Chojnowski / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

This article analyzes Dąbrowski’s theory of positive disintegration referring to current debates in the USA which discussed certain parts of the theory (e.g. overexcitabilities) and neglected others (e.g. dynamisms). This approach caused simplification of the theoretical framework proposed by Dąbrowski and inscribed it into the narrow quantitative understanding of science. Lastly, Piechowski proposed to significantly modify Dąbrowski’s theory and to even discard the two lowest levels of development in theory. This caused a reaction by Tillier and Mendaglio who tried to defend the original concepts of the author of the theory. This article juxtaposed these two interpretations of the theory and shows a third possible interpretation based on English and Polish texts written by Dąbrowski. This interpretation solved problems present in the previously mentioned approaches to the theory and shows the way forward into more systematized theoretical research which is seriously needed if we want to further develop theory and its main notions.

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Już dość! Historia pewnego przypadku odejścia z zawodu pracownika socjalnego

Author(s): Kinga Lisowska,Majka Łojko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

A social worker, supporting social welfare clients in the process of empowerment and social integration, often performs professional duties at risk of his own health (and sometimes his life). Even the best-prepared social workers, confronted with the realities of social welfare and the expectations of both the employer and clients, may decide to leave their job. The purpose of the research was to analyze the reasons for leaving the profession of a social worker based on the experience of a long-term employee of the municipal social welfare center. The focus was on the diagnosis of burnout of the examined case and the factors that led to his resignation from work in the area of social assistance. The subject is analytically difficult, it is a pioneering area of scientific inquiry. The article is one of the few to address the issue of research in the area of professional decisions of experienced social workers in Poland. The research presented in the article shows that the changing economic and social realities have posed many new challenges for social worker, which has caused the need to revise the existing motivations and willingness to continue working in the profession. It should be emphasized that the results of the presented qualitative research do not allow one to make too far-reaching conclusions and generalizations.

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Wspólnota naszych snów. O pamięci zapisanej w marzeniach sennych

Author(s): Izolda Topp / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

The article presents Stefan Bednarek’s concept of studying dreams as a kind of collective memory. He claimed that in dreams one can find a condensed “Polish idiom: historically formed collective images of the national past.” Symbols, myths, legends and fantasies that manifest themselves in dreams can and do constitute cultural heritage (which consists of a literary canon as well as products of popular culture). It is possible to compose a national dream book out of them. In this concept dreams are treated as hidden sources of history of culture. Dreams offer an entrance to experience and emotions which are not easy of access; they are entwined with values that we ascribe to occurrences in our personal lives as well as to historic events. The sources that most commonly make note of dreams are memoirs and biographies. The article presents Bednarek’s culturological research on the dreams of Polish people in the PRL period (especially during martial law) with a mind to answer the question of whether we can also find such a community of our dreams today.

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ZACHOWANIA ZAKUPOWE STUDENTÓW Z POLSKI I UKRAINY W ZAKRESIE PREFEROWANEGO PUNKTU SPRZEDAŻY DETALICZNEJ PRZED PANDEMIĄ COVID-19 I W TRAKCIE JEJ TRWANIA

Author(s): Małgorzata Grzywińska-Rąpca,Daniel Rzeczkowski,Roman Machuga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2024

Purpose – The aim of the article is to present the results of a study finding the determinants and analyzing changes in shopping behavior of young consumers from Poland and Ukraine in terms of their preferred retail outlet before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Research method – A survey conducted in Poland and Ukraine among students of the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn and students of the West Ukrainian National University in Ternopil. Subsequently, a formal-statistical analysis of the data was carried out, and deductive reasoning was applied to the results of correspondence analysis. Results – Based on the collected material and the analysis, it was found that the preferred retail establishments for food and non-alcoholic beverages differed depending on the nationality of respondents both before and during the pandemic. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – The subject matter of the study on the factors determining the shopping behavior of young consumers from Poland and Ukraine in terms of the preferred retail outlet before and during the Covid-19 pandemic is important and current. The conducted research and formulated conclusions fill the existing gap in knowledge of the shopping behavior of young consumers in atypical (crisis) situations. Thus, they are a contribution to further reflections on the identification of factors influencing the shopping behavior of young consumers during the pandemic and comparison with changes after the pandemic.

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Uwarunkowania wtórnego zespołu stresu traumatycznego u policjantów w okresie pandemii Covid-19 Rola lęku przed zachorowaniem

Author(s): Ewa Odachowska-Rogalska,Monika Ucińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2023

The aim of the research presented in this paper was to analyse the determinants of secondary traumatic stress in emergency professions using the example of police officers during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, the intensity of symptoms of stress resulting from the profession performed, depending on self-efficacy, years of service and other conditions, was checked. The fear of contracting Covid-19 was also controlled. The study group consisted of 105 police officers aged from 21 to 50 (M = 34.4; SD = 7.34). The analyses showed many significant relationships. As expected, a relationship was found between years of service, self-efficacy at work, and the intensity of secondary traumatic stress disorder (STSD). Analyses also showed that the symptoms of secondary stress increase with years of service. Moreover, it was noticed that there were relationships between the analysed variables and age and self-efficacy. All these conditions constitute an important element that can constitute the basis for planning therapeutic interactions in assisting professions. It is also justified to conduct further exploration in this area

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KENDİNİ MÜKEMMELİYETÇİ GÖSTERME EĞİLİMİ İLE KİŞİLERARASI DUYARLILIK ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Beyza Nur AYDINLI / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 23/2024

The aim of this study was to examine the relation between the perfectionistic self-presentation and interpersonal sensitivity in terms of several variables. For this purpose, Demographic Information Form, Perfectionistic Self Presentation Scale and Interpersonal Sensitivity Scale were applied to 300 students in total, including 154 women and 146 men that studying in different Turkish universities in the 2021-2022 academic year. In this study, correlational survey model was used. As a result, a significant correlation was found between the perfectionistic self-presentation and interpersonal sensitivity. In addition, it is among the findings that interpersonal sensitivity predicts the perfectionistic self-presentation. Furthermore, while the correlation between perfectionistic selfpresentation and interpersonal sensitivity differs significantly according to socio-economic status; there was no significant difference determined according to gender, age and place of residence. The findings were discussed in consideration of the literature and suggestions were given to researchers and practitioners working in the field.

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