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Piłsudski or Masaryk? Zionist Revisionism in Czechoslovakia 1925-1940
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Piłsudski or Masaryk? Zionist Revisionism in Czechoslovakia 1925-1940

Author(s): Kateřina Čapková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2000

Revisionism represents one of the most controversial chapters in the recent history of Zionism and a lively discussion about the nature and character of this movement and its founder Vladimir Jabotinsky continues. What was the role of Revisionism in the period before 1948? What was the "true" nature of Jabotinsky's ideas? Was Revisionism basically a pro-fascist, militant movement ready to collaborate with Nazi Germany or the only branch of Zionism able to realistically assess the political situation in Palestine and the destitution of the Diaspora Jews? These are only some of the basic questions to which historians have suggested various answers, often matching their own political persuasion. Nonetheless, all participants in this discussion agree that Revisionism represented an important factor in building the Jewish state. Not only did Jabotinsky's movement significantly influence Jewish public opinion in Central and Eastern Europe between World War I and World War II; it also represents the roots of the Likud, the core of the present-day political right in Israel. Among others, Menachem Begin (who led the Likud to victory in the 1977 Knesset elections) has referred to Jabotinsky as a formative influence.

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Edukacja dziewcząt żydowskich w Szkole Ludowej im. Abrahama Kohna we Lwowie (1844–1914)

Edukacja dziewcząt żydowskich w Szkole Ludowej im. Abrahama Kohna we Lwowie (1844–1914)

Author(s): Mirosław Łapot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 24/2015

The school being described in this paper played an important role in the process of the assimilationof the Jewish population of Lviv to German culture in the period preceding the times of the autonomy of Galicia, and to the Polish one in the period of the autonomy of Galicia. The teaching staff employed in that school was Polonised, and the Polish language was implemented as the languageof instruction at the end of 19th century. Establishing, and also functioning, of the school in question was connected with Haskalah, and that means the Jewish Enlightenment, striving to release Jews from the ghetto of their customs and culture, and to include them in the broad trend of social activity. In accordance with that conception, acquiring secular education was reconciled with therequirements of Jewish customs, therefore, Jewish festivals and Shabbat were observed. Instruction in Jewish religion and the Jewish language was provided as well.The school fufilled an important role in the process of the emancipation of Jewish women.Even though Orthodox had for a long period of time been boycotting public education, they weremore willing to agree to send their daughters to school than it was the case as far as their sons wasconcerned. The reason for that difference was that in Judaism woman was not obliged to receive a traditional religious education. A public school opened the gates of the world beyond Jewish community.

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Galicyjskie doświadczenie międzykulturowości (na przykładzie wspomnień szkolnych Żydów z przełomu XIX i XX w.)

Galicyjskie doświadczenie międzykulturowości (na przykładzie wspomnień szkolnych Żydów z przełomu XIX i XX w.)

Author(s): Mirosław Łapot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2017

This paper deals with relationships between Jewish and non-Jewish students in primary school in Galicia at the turn of 19th and 20th century. Galicia was a frontier area on which various nations, religions and cultures were in touch. The dominating role was that of Poles and Ukrainians, but there were also Armenians, Roms and Germans, and Jews constituted an important element of the peculiar cultural mosaic on these lands. At the end of 19th century, young Jews entered primary schools, at which they shared classrooms with their Christian peers. Primary school became a platform of closer contacts, exchange and confrontation of diverse cultures and religions. For Jewish children, attending it resulted in the process of acculturation, and also that of assimilation. This paper is based upon the memoirs and recollections of Jews, and also Poles, attending primary schools or middle schools in Galicia.

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Deconstructing Narratives. Third Generation Arts-Based Research on Image-Connected Memories Rooted in Silences

Deconstructing Narratives. Third Generation Arts-Based Research on Image-Connected Memories Rooted in Silences

Author(s): Zsuzsi Flohr / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article is an attempt to employ arts-based research, a non-traditional, interdisciplinary methodology to create a non-exiting “family archive” from anecdotes photographs and scattered documents. The “family archive” is based on interviews of family members who were born after the Holocaust and supplemented with additional research conducted at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the Arolsen Archives, Yad Vashem, and other archives. The text itself navigates the reader between the different truths, plumbing the fundamental disagreements between the interviewees who belong to the Second Generation, the generation of postmemory. In the center of the interviews there is a backpack which plays an important role as it is a “ghost”, functioning as a magical object, a vessel of the family fable. The recreated backpack helped to push aside the taboo on speaking about the Holocaust, and opened up an active dialogue, by bringing together comparative and interdisciplinary approaches through visual art. This intellectual and artistic move seeks to give credit where credit was not given before, for those narratives which were never listened to earlier.

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Jewish Lives in the Cold War  and Beyond. The Blinken OSA Archivum Jewish Studies Collection

Jewish Lives in the Cold War and Beyond. The Blinken OSA Archivum Jewish Studies Collection

Author(s): Anastasia Felcher / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The Blinken OSA Archivum Jewish Studies Collection (the Archivum) at Central European University (CEU) in Budapest, Hungary holds an important archival collection about Jewish lives in East-Central Europe, with a highlight on the Cold War and beyond: the 1990s. Neither community archives, nor archives of Jewish institutions, the Archivum highlights overlooked histories of Jewish communities that the official media behind the Iron Curtain didn’t make public for political reasons.

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Jews and Anti-Jewish Rules in the Czech Codification of Church Law of 1349

Jews and Anti-Jewish Rules in the Czech Codification of Church Law of 1349

Author(s): Lenka Šmídová Malárová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The first codification of church law in the territory of the historically Czech lands, known as the provincial statutes of Ernst of Pardubice (Statuta provinicialia Arnesti), was issued in 1349, with validity for the entire Prague archdiocese. The Statute applied not only to the clerical and lay population, but also to Jews, for whom special rules and restrictions applied. The regulation of the legal and social life of the Jewish population is explicitly dealt with in three provisions (Articles 66-68), which mainly regulate the contact of Jews with Christians and their rights and obligations in public. Many of these prohibitions and regulations are based on papal decrees approved by the ecumenical councils, the text of which was reflected in the Decretals of Gregory IX and subsequently in the Mainz Statutes of Peter of Aspelt of 1310. The roots of these restrictions, however, in most cases go back to antiquity. This concerns, for example, the prohibition on hiring Christian nurses, midwives and servants; Jews were also not allowed to participate in public life, to build new synagogues or to improve existing ones. These measures were introduced by the Roman Emperor Theodosius II as part of the gradual process of Christianization of the Eastern Roman Empire. Although the legal provisions of the provincial statutes of Ernst of Pardubice imposed many restrictions on the Jews, this fact, on the other hand, was to some extent counterbalanced by protective provisions that prohibited laymen and Christian clergy from disturbing Jewish religious rites, destroying their graves, and arbitrarily punishing them without the existence of a relevant legal title.

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Franz Kafkas Beziehungen zu Jicchak Löwy. Neues Material zur Biographie Franz Kafkas.
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Franz Kafkas Beziehungen zu Jicchak Löwy. Neues Material zur Biographie Franz Kafkas.

Author(s): Jiřina Hlaváčová / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1965

This document provides information about Franz Kafka's friendship with Jicchak Löwy, a member of a theater-wandering troupe. It mentions their collaboration on a recitation evening and a theater performance, as well as Kafka's efforts to help Löwy financially. The document also includes Kafka's diary entries describing their walks and conversations. The relationship between Kafka and Löwy is highlighted as a source of support and encouragement for Löwy, despite the challenges they headed.

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Introduction. Precarious Archives, Precarious Voices. Expanding Jewish Narratives from the Margins

Introduction. Precarious Archives, Precarious Voices. Expanding Jewish Narratives from the Margins

Author(s): Julie Dawson,Marianne Windsperger / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

When we began planning the conference from which this journal arose, our objectives were to examine two aspects of precarity in scholarship on Jewish history and the Shoah.2 First, we were interested in foregrounding archival survey or preservation projects focussed on material precarity – archival records in physical danger, records which had been neglected, lost, hidden, or damaged over time (specifically in the wake of or due to the destructions wrought by World War II), or those about which researchers simply did not or could not know, whether as a result of human intent or ignorance. We hoped to hear from researchers, archivists, and cultural workers who were working to stabilise, preserve, and bring to light such material and to receive intimations of the contents the material may contain: which insights might current and future historians gain by way of examining this “new” material?

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Generative Artificial Intelligence and Workplace Tracking Systems, Synthetic Training data, and Lessons in Constructive and Destructive Arguing: Learning from the Disputes of the Hillel and Shammai Academies
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Generative Artificial Intelligence and Workplace Tracking Systems, Synthetic Training data, and Lessons in Constructive and Destructive Arguing: Learning from the Disputes of the Hillel and Shammai Academies

Author(s): Hershey H. Friedman,Joshua Krausz / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2023

Knowing how to dispute constructively is vital in many areas of life, the law, society, economics, and business. We study the evolution of disputes by examining the Academies of Hillel and Shammai, two early Jewish schools of thought dominant in the latter half of the first century BCE. The disagreements and disputations between the two academies became quite intense and may even have resulted in physical clashes to control voting on the law; the Shammaites thus threatened and restricted the voting of the Hillelites. It took a heavenly voice to declare that the law agrees with the School of Hillel. Interestingly, the voice also explained why the law follows the Hillel viewpoint: arguments are all well and good, but one must respect one’s opponent. Their interactions over time have created a blueprint for constructive argumentation, even in our times.

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Lucie B. Petrusová – Alexandr Putík: Fase pražských židovských rodin z let 1748–1749 (1751). Edice pramene k návratu z tereziánského vypovězení

Lucie B. Petrusová – Alexandr Putík: Fase pražských židovských rodin z let 1748–1749 (1751). Edice pramene k návratu z tereziánského vypovězení

Author(s): Lenka Matušíková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2015

Review of: Petrusová, Lucie B. - Putik, Alexandr: Fase pražských židovských rodin z let 1748-1749 (1751). Edice pramene k návratu z tereziánského vypovězeni, Židovské muzeum v Praze. Praha 2012, 342 s.

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Židovské rodiny ve Všeradicích

Židovské rodiny ve Všeradicích

Author(s): Lenka Matušíková / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2014

Author follows the fate of the Jewish community in Všeradice in period since 17th till 20th century and based on archival sources reconstructs the local Jewish families.

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Zur Geschichte der Juden in Tachov (Tachau)
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Zur Geschichte der Juden in Tachov (Tachau)

Author(s): Bernhard Drilling / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1967

The article concerns the history of Jews in the town of Tachov (West Bohemia). It mentions existing historical sources and covers the period from the 15th to 18th centuries.

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Hana Volavková: Schicksal des Jüdischen Museums in Prag

Hana Volavková: Schicksal des Jüdischen Museums in Prag

Author(s): Jan Herman / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1967

Review of: Hana Volavkovä: Schicksal des Jüdischen museums in Prag, Artia Praha 1966 (341 seiten 167 abbildungen)

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Zeitschrift für die Geschichte der Juden (1966 - 1967)

Zeitschrift für die Geschichte der Juden (1966 - 1967)

Author(s): Jan Heřman / Language(s): German Issue: 2/1967

Review of: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte der Juden 4, 1966, Seite 183 - 260, 1, 1967, Seite 1 - 78. Herausgegeben von Hugo Gold in Tel-Aviv.

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Eschwege, Helmut: Kennzeichen J. Bilder, Dokumente, Berichte zur Geschichte der Verbrechen des Hitlerfaschismus an den deutschen Juden 1933 - 1945

Eschwege, Helmut: Kennzeichen J. Bilder, Dokumente, Berichte zur Geschichte der Verbrechen des Hitlerfaschismus an den deutschen Juden 1933 - 1945

Author(s): Karel Lagus / Language(s): German Issue: 2/1967

Review of: Eschwege, Helmut: Kennzeichen J. Bilder, Dokumente, Berichte zur Geschichte der Verbrechen des Hitlerfaschismus an den deutschen Juden 1933 – 1945, VEB Deutsher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 1966. 378 S., 226 Abb., 1 Karte

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Jonny Moser: Die Judenverfolgungen in Österreich 1938 - 1945

Jonny Moser: Die Judenverfolgungen in Österreich 1938 - 1945

Author(s): Karel Lagus / Language(s): German Issue: 2/1967

Review of: Jonny Moser: Die Judenverfolgungen in Österreich 1938 – 1945, Europa Verlag, Wien – Frankfurt - Zürich, 1966. 55 S., 11 Tab.

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Nouvelle littérature sur l’histoire des juifs en Tchécoslovaquie

Nouvelle littérature sur l’histoire des juifs en Tchécoslovaquie

Author(s): Jan Heřman / Language(s): French Issue: 2/1967

Dans les tomes récemment publiés de ïoeuvre monumentale sur Thistoire des juifs de S. W .Baron) nous trouvons entre autres quelques chapitres consacrés exclusivement à l’histoire des juifs tchèques et slovaques. Nous trouvons dans le tome IX, aux pages 200-205, un aperçu de l’histoire des juifs en Bohême du lOème au 16ème siècle, avec la bibliographie citée dans les notes. Dans le tome X, aux pages 20-31, une partie speciále est consacrée à l’histoire des juifs en Hongrie qui comporte de nombreuses données sur ’histoire des juifs en Slovaquie de la plus ancienne époque au 16ème siècle. La partie sur l’histoire des juifs hongrois est, elle aussi, accompagnée d’un régistre de la bibliographie citée.

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Les cycles des conférences organisées par le Musée Juif d'Etat en 1968.

Les cycles des conférences organisées par le Musée Juif d'Etat en 1968.

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): French Issue: 2/1967

Comme les années précédentes, le Musée juif d’Etat a organisé en 1966 deux cycles de conférences destinées aux larges milieux culturels et scientifiques du public pragois.

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Emanuel Frynta: Kafka et Prague

Emanuel Frynta: Kafka et Prague

Author(s): Jiřina Hlaváčová / Language(s): French Issue: 1/1968

Review of: Emanuel Frynta: Kafka et Prague, Texte français de P. A. Gruénais, photographies de Jan Lukas, Librairie Hachette, Artia, Prague 1964 (144 pages, 148 photographies).

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Toman Brod: Le participation des juifs Tchécoslovaques à la Guerre Anti-Hitlerienne

Toman Brod: Le participation des juifs Tchécoslovaques à la Guerre Anti-Hitlerienne

Author(s): Karel Lagus / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1968

Review of: Toman Brod: Le participation des juifs Tchécoslovaques à la Guerre Anti-Hitlerienne, La Revue du Centre de Documentation Juive Contemporaine, Le Monde Juif, 1967 (13), p. 29-32

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