,Nach Jerusalem!‘ Eine böhmisch-österreichische Stiftungsinitiative für Palästina aus der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts

Author(s): Martina Niedhammer / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2010

Am 18. August 1855 richtete Elise Herz (1788–1868), die älteste Tochter des Prager Großhändlerehepaars Simon (1766–1845) und Babette Lämel (1770/71–1853), ein Schreiben an die Vorstände der Wiener und Prager Israelitischen Kultusgemeinden, in dem sie ihre Absicht erläuterte, eine Stiftung in Palästina ins Leben zu rufen. IhrenWunsch, eine Kinderbewahranstalt in Jerusalem zu errichten, begründete sie mit dem Hinweis auf kindliche Pietät, die sie dem Andenken ihrer Eltern, insbesondere ihres 1845 verstorbenen Vaters, schulde. Ausführlich schildert Elise Herz daher Charakter und Person Simon Lämels, wobei weniger dessen gesellschaftlicher oder gar ökonomischer Erfolg, als vielmehr seine religiöse Überzeugung im Vordergrund steht. Diese sei geprägt gewesen von einer innigen Verbundenheit mit dem Glauben seiner Vorfahren, was sich gleichermaßen in seinem Festhalten an der jüdischen Tradition wie auch in dem Bewusstsein der Zugehörigkeit zu einem ethnisch-religiösen Kollektiv widergespiegelt habe. Beide Ebenen, die alltägliche, auf der sich religiöses Selbstverständnis in Form einzelner Handlungen manifestiert, und die ideelle, die den dazu erforderlichen Deutungsrahmen schafft, dienen der Stifterin dazu, das Leben ihres Vaters in eine scheinbar ungebrochene Traditionskette jüdischer Existenz einzureihen. In ähnlicher Weise verortet sie ihre eigene Person, indem sie den Stiftungsakt als eine Erfüllung des vierten Gebots deutet, was über eine bürgerliche Trauer- und Gedächtniskultur hinaus in die Sphäre religiöser Praktiken verweist. Darüber hinaus begreift sie sich als Teil einer in Zeit und Raum erfahrbaren jüdischen Geschichte, die sie von „Stätten“ sprechen lässt, „die uns durch Religion und Geschichte unseres Volkes stets heilig, ehrwürdig und theuer bleiben werden“. Doch scheint kein mythischer Schauplatz evoziert, sondern ein realer Ort der Gegenwart, Jerusalem in Palästina, ein Teil des osmanischen Herrschaftsgebietes, in dem Elise Herz ihr philanthropisches Unternehmen umsetzen möchte.

,Z Třebíče do Vídnì.‘ Židovská kaligrafie a knižní malba na Moravě v 18. století

Author(s): Falk Wiesemann / Language(s): Czech / Issue: Suppl./2011

Der Literaturwissenschaftler Gustav Karpeles berichtete voller Stolz in seiner 1895 erschienenen Studie Heinrich Heine und der Rabbi von Bacharach: „Es wird sicher allgemein interessieren, [...] daß ich selbst‚ das abenteuerliche Buch, das die Hagada heißt‘, aus welchem Harry Heine im väterlichen Hause die berühmten Fragen an seine Eltern gerichtet hat, gesehen und in Händen gehabt habe. Es [...] ist ganz so, wie es Heine schildert.“ Die Rede ist hier zum einen von einer illuminierten hebräischen Handschrift des frühen 18. Jahrhunderts, die für Elieser von Geldern, einen der Urgroßväter Heinrich Heines, angefertigt worden war, der sogenannten ,Von Geldern Haggada‘, zum anderen ist die Rede von der Erzählung Der Rabbi von Bacherach, in der Heinrich Heine jüdische Geschichte und Traditionen mit den aktuellen Fragen jüdischer Existenz verknüpfen wollte.

<> Sertelsa, syna Isachara, jako przykład dwujęzycznego tekstu do nauki Tory

Author(s): Anna Jakimyszyn / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 33/2014

Moshe Sertels was a son of Issachar and Sarah. He was born circa mid-16th century in Prague. He was a teacher and worked as a translator and exegete. Sertels wrote several texts that attracted wide interest. One of them was a work titled Sefer Beer Moshe, a bilingual commentary on the Torah and five megillot. The construction of the text, its clarity and intelligibility, made it an excellent tool for teaching the Torah in cheders (e.g. such usage of this text was noted in the books of the Cracovian brotherhood Talmud Torah). The article presents the figure of the author and his literary oeuvre with particular focus on the Sefer Beer Moshe as a work that served generations of Ashkenazi Jews to enhance their knowledge of the Torah. The author discusses characteristics of the text and underlines several issues in regard to the Yiddish language in the form that was used in Prague at the turn of the 17th century.

0 Years of the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation in Poland, 1987-2017

Author(s): Maciej Pawlak / Language(s): English / Issue: 15/2017

This article presents the history of the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation in Poland from when it was founded 30 years ago. The Foundation was established by Ambassador Ronald S. Lauder, businessman, diplomat and philanthropist. It was the first organization to initiate Jewish educational activities during the period of political changes in Poland. The Foundation’s activities focused mainly on education, both formal and informal. During early ’90’s people in Poland started to discovered their Jewish roots and thanks to the RLSF it was possible to learn and understand Jewish history, religion and culture. The author describes projects organized by the Foundation as well as its development and significance in the rebirth of Jewish life in Poland. Among the Foundation’s most important projects are the Lauder-Morasha School Complex in Warsaw, the summer educational camps for families and youths, a genealogical project, and the Lauder e-School. The Foundation has also made a huge contribution and provided support to many organizations, institutions and Jewish Communities throughout Poland.

1848-49 a magyar zsidóság életében

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian

The outstanding Hungarian humanist, Jenő Zsoldos has worked as the director of the Jewish Secondary School for Girls in Budapest. Three years after the Holocaust he has edited the publication “1848-49 in the Life of the Hungarian Jews” on the occasion of the Centenary of the Hungarian revolution 1948-1949. This revised edition is published on the occasion of the 150years anniversary of the revolution

1941 M. KOVO 19 D. LAF ATSIŠAUKIMAS: PROVOKACIJA, FALSIFIKATAS AR TIKRAS DOKUMENTAS?

Author(s): Stanislovas Stasiulis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 38/2016

This article concerns the leaflet of the Lithuanian Activist Front, dated 19 March 1941. The leaflet, titled Dear enslaved brothers! has two different versions. One version has a sentence which calls that “The traitor will be pardoned only provided he proves beyond doubt that he has killed one Jew at least”. Another version of this document does not have the same sentence, but holds a remark that it is a multiplied copy of the document. Archival resources show that the version of this leaflet with the already mentioned sentence was found in the house of anti-Soviet activist Osvaldas Žadvydas during rummaging. The interrogations of the paticipants of the anti-Soviet underground movement in Lithuania show that the leaflet came from Berlin to Lithuania on 23 March 1941. This leaflet was multiplied and circulated in various places of Lithuania. The interrogation of one of the major LAF signalmen Mykolas Naujokaitis underlines that all documentation and leaflets were sent from Berlin to Lithuania by an active Voldemarist and Head of the LAF Commission of Relations with Lithuania Stasys Puodžius. This article underlines that the authorship of the leaflet with the mentioned sentence belongs to the leadership of the LAF Berlin branch and the fraction of Voldemarists.

1952–1953 metų antisemitinė kampanija Sovietų Socialistinių Respublikų Sąjungoje

Author(s): Kastytis Antanaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 65/2016

The anti-Semitism of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin became, at the beginning of the Cold War, an anti-Semitic paranoia and took on the most radical form during the campaign against Western influence on Soviet society. Soon after the destruction of the Jewish Antifascist Committee, the Doctors’ Plot campaign was launched at the end of 1952; it soon became a perfect basis for blaming all Jews as disloyal to the Soviet regime. In the republics of the USSR the local Communist leaders supported the anti-Semitic campaign in Moscow with allegations about Jewish medical crimes at the local level.Despite much circumstantial evidence and many testimonies there still is no strong basis for the conclusion that the anti-Semitic campaign of 1952-1953 would soon turn into a large-scale repression campaign or wholesale genocide of the Jewish population in the USSR, but the clear anti-Jewish policy and the Soviet practice of the mass repression of nations leaves little doubt that the Soviet society was mentally prepared for the deportation of Jews to Siberia. The Soviet regime practiced constant archive purge campaigns, and documents about politically sensitive issues or regime crime were destroyed on a regular basis. Despite all regime efforts, some traces of anti-Semitic campaign preparation, control, and coordination may be found not in the central state institutions of the USSR but in the Communist Party archives of the republics. At the republican level Communist party Central Committees some top secret documents of the anti-Semitic campaign of 1953 were preserved in specific archive units, the so-called Osobaja Papka.In the USSR the reports of local party leaders to Moscow always described never-existing enthusiastic popular support for Soviet policies; thus the true scale of anti-Semitism in society can’t be determined on the basis of such sources. But they demonstrate that local Soviet institutions supported the spread of anti-Semitism during the infamous Doctors’ Plot campaign of 1953. They also permit the conclusion that any anti-Semitic campaign would not be limited to negative propaganda and at least part of Soviet society was ready to accept some repression of Jews.Joseph Stalin’s death in 1953 put an early end to the anti-Semitic campaign. Soon Stalin’s political heirs quashed charges against the doctors and even punished a few distinguished instigators of the campaign, but there was no official and public condemnation of that anti-Semitic campaign. Thereupon anti-Semitism became less aggressive but still remained very strong in the USSR.

1967 (kornovella)

Author(s): János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2011

„Néha furcsa hangulatban / Az utcát járom egymagamban, / Nincsen semmihez se kedvem, / De érzem azt, hogy nincs ez rendben így” – énekel benne, már tôle függetlenedve a furcsa, szomorkás, de ugyanakkor vigasztalóan elringató dalocska, amit aznapi dúdolgatásra munkába indulás elôtt a rádióból csípett fel s a délelôtti tánczenei koktélban is megismételtek. Az Adócsôgyár mûszakirajz-szerkesztôirodájában többszöri tiltás, fômérnöki dörgedelmek, a tiszta, világos munkahelyrôl eltávolítás kilátásba helyezése ellenére is, lázadó makacssággal megszólal minden szerdán délelôtt tíz negyvenötkor Komjáthy György mûsora a bejárati ajtó szárnyai felett elhelyezett hangszóróból, amely a gyár összes dolgozóját érintô közleményeket teszi közhírré, vagy az olyan országos érdeklôdésre számot tartó eseményeket, mint a Szovjetunió Kommunista Pártja vagy a Magyar Szocialista Munkáspárt kongresszusainak záró nyilatkozatai, avagy, alig egy hónapja – nem minden meghökkentô hatás nélkül, hiszen olyan távol történt, s miért éppen ezt, hiszen annyi dúl belôle – a késôbb hatnaposnak nevezett háború elsô napjainak hadijelentéseit. A tizenöt rajzasztal jó részén fiatal, technikumból frissen kikerült szerkesztôk dolgoznak, többségükben fiúk, akik – mintegy az iskolai és a munkahelyi fegyelem közötti mezsgye lépésrôl lépésre történô kiszélesítéseként – óvatosan nyakba ereszkedô hajat s szintén lefelé merészkedô-szélesedô barkót viselnek, a mûsor szignáljának fölhangzásakor összeesküvô mosollyal a bajszuk alatt, szemükkel a hasonló korú lányokat keresve, a lemezlovas kötelezô szószát követô isteni muzsika ritmusait megelôlegezendô, kezdik jobbra-balra dobálni a fejüket.

67 A 90 Numaralı H. 1077 – 1080 (M. 1666 - 1670) Tarihli Kırım Kadıasker Defterine (Şer`iyye Siciline) Göre Yahudilerin Sosyo – Kültürel Hayatı

Author(s): Mehmet Caner Çavuş / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2019

The Kadıasker Notebooks, also known as Şer`iyye records, are one of the most important sources of history research. Between 1666 and 1670, we examined the Crimean kadiasker book with the number 67 A 90 and made evaluations about the cases by examining the cases of the Jews’s routine lives in the Crimean region. These cases led us to understand and evaluate the social structure of the Jewish community living in Crimea in social, economic, administrative and legal fields. We have reviewed all kinds of details, from the names of the places where the Jews live, from the professions they work to, from their own cases to the cases of Muslims. We tried to put all aspects of the relationship of the İslamic law with the Jews.

70 Years After the Declaration of Independence – Is There a Coherent Immigration Policy in Israel?

Author(s): Rami Goldstein / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2019

This article examines the immigration policy in Israel 70 years after the nation’s declaration of independence. Israel was established in an attempt to create a shelter for Jews in the Diaspora. Therefore, the policy of Israel towards immigrants has been sometimes criticized as being racist, discriminatory, or undemocratic. But is there a coherent immigration policy in Israel? In fact, aside from the Law of Return of 1950, which refers exclusively to Jewish immigrants, Israel still lacks a proper legal framework that can regulate foreign immigration. In many cases, immigration policy in Israel seems to be unclear and incoherent. With today’s reality of the global migration crisis, this legal vacuum represents a dangerous gap that prevents the State of Israel from effectively coping with the problem with respect to international law and humane standards. This paper will critically review the major features of current immigration policies, such as the policy of “direct absorption,” the expulsion of African immigrants, and the new procedures of the asylum seekers’ process in Israel.

78 éves korában elhunyt Ezra Fleischer, a héber költészet tudósa

Author(s): Ari L. Goldman / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2006

Another sorrowful occasion of this issue is the untimely death of Ezra Fleisher of Temesvár a paternal friend of the editor, a great personality of Jewish learning and Cionist spirituality. The writings of Ariel Hirschfeld, János Kőbányai, Ari L. Goldman and Joshua Grant are taking a farewell to him.

A "makacsság" győzelme

Author(s): János Kőbányai / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

A 19. századi Románia jiddis sajtójának cionizmusképe

Author(s): Augusta Costiuc Radosav / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2015

A BAR KOCHBA-FELKELÉS - A KUTATÁS FÉL-ÉVSZÁZADÁNAK EREDMÉNYEI ÉS KIHÍVÁSAI

Author(s): Tibor Grüll / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2008

According to a commonplace in scholarly literature it is unachievable to write the history of the Bar Kochba revolt. This paper does not attempt the impossible, it merely attempts to take into account the way in which our evidences, that came to light in the last half-century, repaint the traditional picture of the insurrection. The first five chapters discuss the antecedents of the revolt, i.e., the short and long-term consequences of the churban; the uprising under Trajan (the so-called “war of Quietus”); the administrative, economic and military situation of Judaea from 70 to 132 C.E., mainly on the basis of the Babatha-archive. The immediate cause of the Bar Kochba revolt is still debated, as both the foundation of Colonia Aelia Capitolina (ch. 5), and the ban on circumcision, introduced by Hadrian’s legislation (ch. 6), can be taken into account. It is not clear, however, whether these oppressive measures were taken before or after 132; in other words, whether they were causes or consequences of the war. The following chapter is dedicated to Bar Kochba’s messianic pretensions, which, among other things, can be verified with the strong halachic orientation of the papyri produced by the administration of the revolt (ch. 8). Ch. 9 examines the character and magnitude of the Roman military participation in the Bar Kochba revolt, as these are illuminated by the extant epigraphic material. The last chapter deals with the Jewish guerilla tactics and bases: the rebels’ hiding complexes that from the 1990’s have been explored in the territory of Judaea.

A barcelonai izraelita közösség

Author(s): Martine Berthelot Puig-Moreno / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/1992

A begyógyíthatatlan szakadás

Author(s): Jacob Katz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 2/1996

chapter from the book on Hungarian Jewish emancipation

A belül lévô más: A marranók – Hasadt identitás és a modernitás megjelenése

Author(s): Ágnes Heller / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2010

A Biblia mint a pszichoanalitikus értelmezés kincsestára

Author(s): Teréz Virág / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/1999

Bevezetőben választ kell adnom arra az önmagamnak feltett kérdésre, mi indította el érdeklődésemet a Biblia történeteinek pszichoanalitikus felhasználására. A szálak, mint már oly sokszor, Ferenczi Sándorhoz vezettek. akinek két, a témámmal szorosan összefüggő gondolatát már 1993-ban összekapcsoltam az emlékére rendezett konferencián tartott előadásomban.

A bicikliző majom meséje

Author(s): Zádor Tordai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/1999

Szuletsnapra az ünnepeltet illik megajándékozni. Én azonban úgy döntöttem, hogy Heller Ági születésnapjára nem őt, hanem magamat ajándékozam meg. Az életéről szóló mesemondás olvasásával. Nagy és többszörös az él vezetem. Jól múlatom az időt a szöveg pergetésével, ' hagyom, hogy sodorjanak lendülései és pihentessenek megállapodásai.

A blet! története

Author(s): David Weiss Halivni / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/1997

an excerpt from the autobiography