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Духовно-моральное усовершенствование учителя в евангельских школах Германии в контексте непрерывного образования. (исторический аспект)

Author(s): Andriy Zavalnyuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2014

The matter of the spiritual and moral refinement of a teacher in the uninterrupted education context is dedicated in this article. The tasks, which were set before the teachers of the evangelic schools in the earlier part of the 17th century and during the 19th century: to build relationship with children for the purpose of bringing them to Christ and acknowledging of the Spiritual truths; to work over the character; professional growth; personal and spiritual growth are investigated in this article. This article also deals with the proposals of Ph. J. Spener, a founder of the Pietisms, about ceaseless spiritual growth of the adult by the way of their participating in the “congregations of piousness” (“collegia pietatis”) and also the development of his pedagogical ideas directly in the schools of the “Brothers Union” (“Unitas fratrum”) and A.-G Franke’s educational center through such congregations. The purposes of such congregations, their points and meaning for the spiritual refinement of the teachers, possibilities for the spiritual truths practice are represented in this scientific work.

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Alois Klar mezi slepotou a osvícením. Vědění, moc a vynález sociální péče

Author(s): Marek Fapšo / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2017

This study on Alois Klar (1763–1833) focuses mainly on his achievements as a pedagogue and his work for the visually impaired. Methodologically, it draws on Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer and Michel Foucault, enabling us to view the evolution of social care as a concomitant of the emerging modern state and integral to its structure. The study presents an analysis of the beginnings of Klar’s Prague institute for the visually impaired against a background of rapid changes in medicine, the scope of the state, and educational thinking. At a time of compulsory school attendance and new approaches to education, when the state demanded the active participation of its subjects/citizens in propagating its aims and the values of society as a whole, the blind and partially sighted were given access to a full and systematic education. We also present data concerning Klar’s educational work and thinking (he taught in Litoměřice and at Prague University), and examine the internal workings of the newly established institute – one of the ﬁrst of its kind in Europe – and its contacts with the medical discourse of the emerging science of ophthalmology.

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Kateřina Bobková-Valentová et al. (edd.), Sv. Jan Nepomucký na jezuitských školních scénách

Author(s): Pavel Zavadil / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2016

Review of: Kateřina Bobková-Valentová et al. (edd.), Sv. Jan Nepomucký na jezuitských školních scénách, Praha: Academia 2016, 645 s. (Theatrum Neolatinum. Latinské divadlo v českých zemích I) Magdaléna JACKOVÁ (ed.), Nejmírnější Pallas. Hry určené gramatikálním třídám jezuit-ských gymnázií. Praha: Academia 2016, 480 s. (Theatrum Neolatinum. Latinské divadlo v českých zemích II)

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Kouřimská partikulární škola v období mezi prvním a druhým stavovským povstáním

Author(s): Daniel Šťastný / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

This article describes the functioning of a Latin grammar school (so-called ‘particular’ school) in Kouřim and its links to the Charles University of Prague in the period of 1547–1622. The author investigates the economic situation of the school, its staff, the students, and their relations to the townspeople. Explored is also teacher and student mobility, the school’s relationship with the university, and the school’s alumni. New findings have been confronted with previous research.

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Příspěvek k dějinám budov Univerzity Karlovy: Stavba budovy Matematicko-fyzikální fakulty UK a koleje a menzy 17. listopadu v Praze 8 – Troji

Author(s): Michal Továrek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2024

This contribution outlines the state of university buildings, especially buildings of the Charles University, after the Second World War. It focuses especially on the situation of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University and describes plans to build its facilities in the area of Pelc-Tyrolka. The author commemorates the foundation of Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics of the Charles University in 1955: this faculty was in 1959 transferred the Czech Technical University. Also investigated are unsuccessful efforts to unite the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University and the Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics of the Czech Technical University, which continued until 1967, and the planning and realisation of a building for the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics (1968–1978). The second part of the article deals with the situation of canteens and dormitories in mid-1970s and with the construction of a dormitory and canteen of 17 November in 1979–1988. Both building projects have moreover been assessed by architecture experts. In the last part of the article, the author presents a description of the current state of these buildings.

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MİLLİ DEVLETÇİLİK BAĞLAMINDA AZERBAYCAN CUMHURİYETİ’NİN EĞİTİM SİYASETİ (1918-1920)

Author(s): Ramin Sadık / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 81/2024

After Azerbaijan was occupied by Tsarist Russia from the beginning of the 19th century, it faced the regime's assimilation policy in the field of education as in every field. The regime, which aimed to raise a society loyal to itself, on the one hand, gave importance to Russian education by establishing new schools in the region, and on the other hand, it tried to prevent the right of Azerbaijani youth to higher education. Nevertheless, families with means sent their children to different universities in Russia to get an education. The young people who completed their education returned home and devoted their knowledge and experience to the enlightenment of the people. As a result, at the beginning of the 20th century, an intellectual class with national spirit and modern views was born in Azerbaijan. Through schools, newspapers and political organizations, this class, with all its efforts, opened the horizons of the people and planted the seed of the idea that would lead Azerbaijan to independence in their minds. Thus, while the desire for independence became the main goal of the society, the revolutions in Russia created other conditions for the road to independence. As a result, on May 28, 1918, the intellectual class of that time made Azerbaijan independent. In this study, the actions of the government of the independent Republic of Azerbaijan between 1918-1920 in the field of education in the context of national statehood were analyzed. Despite its short existence of only 23 months, the government's efforts to open national schools in the region, train cadres, establish universities and send students abroad were written in full detail. In this context, archival records, newspapers and source works from the period were meticulously reviewed and used in the writing of the text.

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Polizey und Publikation: Joseph von Sonnenfels und Der Mann ohne Vorurtheil

Author(s): Magdalena Matzneller / Language(s): German Issue: 01/2013

The paper focuses on the links between the doctrines taught by Joseph von Sonnenfels at the University of Vienna and his moral weekly Der Mann ohne Vorurtheil. The hypothesis that Sonnenfels uses his publication to divulge his academic findings to a wider public is supported by a comparison of his academic and literary works, and three of the many aspects are presented. Sonnenfels writes not only about moral issues but also about the ideal relationship between the state and its citizens, and he uses the moral weekly to express his ideas about the Viennese theatre and the way it should be censored. With regard to censorship there exist some differences between the theory defended by Sonnenfels and his personal experience as an author. In fact some pieces of his moral weekly got him in trouble and he was forbidden to address certain topics, such as the Church and the situation of the peasants. The most prevalent themae, however, is marriage and gender relations. According to his doctrines high ethical and educational standards as well as a high population keep a state safe from within and that leads Sonnenfels to concentrate on this issue.

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Neznámý zápis z Meißnerových přednášek z estetiky a rétoriky (Pokus o dataci a charakteristiku vídeňského rukopisu)

Author(s): Tomáš Hlobil / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2012

This essay aims to describe hitherto unknown notes of aesthetics lectures given by August Gottlieb Meißner (1753–1807) at Prague University. It compares these notes (made by a certain Wagner, and deposited in the Wienbibliothek im Rathaus) with notes deposited in Czech libraries, and seeks to determine their place chronologically amongst notes made by others attending Meißner’s lectures over the years. The most important diﬀerence in content between the earlier known notes and Wagner’s is Meißner’s negative attitude towards the Schlegel brothers. This attitude slightly alters our existing notion of his views on the relationship between literature and morality. Taken alone, the collections of notes in Czech libraries had led one to conclude that this Prague ordinarius was an ardent libertine, who dared, even at a conservative Austrian university, to push for the autonomy of art, including a thorough split between art and morality, regarding not only works of art, but also, to a certain extent, the artists themselves. By contrast, the Vienna MS as a matter of priority restricts this split to art, and limits it to the higher, moral aims of the artist as citizen. His approach to questions of morality and to the Schlegel brothers demonstrates that while Meißner considered himself part of the liberally enlightened current of contemporaneous literature, which made moving the emotions the central aim of art, he was no longer an adherent of up -and -coming Romanticism with its extreme conviction about unlimited authorial liberty, which stemmed from the philosophical Idealism of the times. This attitude to the Schlegel brothers also suggests that Wagner attended Meißner’s lectures in aesthetics and rhetoric in the winter of 1800/1.

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Dvě nové knížky o jezuitském divadle, rétorice a zbožnosti

Author(s): Petr Osolsobě / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2012

Review of: Magdalena Jacková, Divadlo jako škola zbožnosti a ctnosti. Jezuitské školní drama v Praze v první polovině 18. století, Praha: Trivium 2011, 286 s.; Petr POLEHLA, Jezuitské divadlo ve službě zbožnosti a vzdělanosti, Červený Kostelec: Pavel Mervart 2011, 163 s.

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Estetika zdaleka nejen pro estetiky

Author(s): Alena A. Fidlerová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2012

Review of: Tomáš Hlobil, Výuka dobrého vkusu jako státní zájem – Počátky pražské univerzitní estetiky ve středoevropských souvislostech 1763–1805 (Alena A. Fidlerová) / 101

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Post tenebras spero lucem. Duchovní tvář českého a moravského osvícenství

Author(s): Martina Halířová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2011

Review of: Lorman, Jaroslav, ed. a Tinková, Daniela, ed. Post tenebras spero lucem: duchovní tvář českého a moravského osvícenství. 1. edition. Praha: Casablanca, 2009. 414 p. Historie, otázky, problémy: studie Ústavu českých dějin Filozofické fakulty UK; 1/2008. ISBN 978-80-903756-6-6.

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Cieszyn as an Alternative Centre of Commercial Education in Austrian Silesia before 1918?

Author(s): Petr Kadlec / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The study deals with the issue of commercial education in Austrian Silesia in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It specifi cally focuses on schools oriented this way in the East Silesian centre of Cieszyn (Teschen), whose development is placed in the context of more general trends in the development of Silesian and pre-Austrian commercial education. It primarily focuses on the circumstances of the emergence of schools and their composition, organization, curriculum content and students. The study aims to assess to what extent Cieszyn fulfi lled the role of an alternative centre for commercial education in Silesia during the observed period alongside the provincial capital of Opava, and to what extent the signifi cance of local educational institutions crossed provincial borders and benefi ted the population of the southern regions of neighbouring Galicia.

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Benedict Kišdy: Founding Father of the University of Košice

Author(s): Peter Fedorčák / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Benedict Kišdy (Kisdy, Kisdi, Kischdy), bishop of Eger and an important figure in the recatholicization of north-eastern Hungary, is one of the most important fi gures in the history of Košice in the early modern period. Kišdy’s most memorable activity was the founding of the University of Košice, which had a longterm impact on the cultural and intellectual development of the city beyond the fi rst intention of its founder, i.e. recatholicization. The present study analyses the place of Kišdy in historiography from the time of the Jesuits and the possibilities of using the biographical method in the case of Benedict Kišdy. An important role in Kišdy’s life was played by his attitude towards Peter Pázmaň, Jesuits and Franciscans. The theoretical question of Kišdy’s place among the most important personalities in the history of Košice is raised, which is partly answered by the still vivid commemoration and places of remembrance connected with Kišdy.

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Köy Postası Dergisinde Hukuk, Sağlık ve Eğitim (1944- 1950)

Author(s): Gülbin Fırat Onat / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2024

During the Republican era in Turkey, the peasantry was defined as an indispensable element of national identity. How the peasantry is perceived has greatly been affected by the change in the traditional land system. The majority of the population being peasants plays a significant role. It has changed from a romantic interest to a state policy. Various similar reasons also played a role in this transformation. Thus, the new regime aimed to consolidate the regime by including the peasant population in the modernization project. One of the main tools of the project of transforming the peasant population into citizens has been education. Various educational institutions and periodicals educated the rural population. They focused on peasantry. The study will examine articles on law, health, and education in Köy Postası magazine's issues between 1944 and 1950. The magazine published articles about peasantism during that time. In the journal, articles on law, health and education were selected and the document analysis and scanning model was used. The articles were evaluated under separate headings. It was seen that the state's peasantism discourse was conveyed verbatim in these articles. At the same time, these selected articles were evaluated in the context of the rural policies of the state. This occurred in the fields of law, health, and education in the early years of the Republic.

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A szlovákiai magyarság történetének reprezentációja a szlovákiai alapiskolai történelemtankönyvekben

Author(s): Krisztina Varga / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2024

In the past two decades, Gyula Popély, Attila Simon, László Szarka, Árpád Popély, Gergely Sallai, József Gyönyör and Katalin Vadkerty have written numerous summaries on the history of Hungarians in Slovakia, but what is less known is what children learn about this period sitting in the classroom. What can Hungarian students in Slovakia learn about their history from the textbooks, so that they can develop and shape their image of Hungarianness and form an emotional attachment to their nation, which could greatly contribute to halting the assimilation process that is affecting Hungarians in Slovakia. Of course, in addition to the school, the values conveyed by the family and home environment, society and culture are also decisive (e.g. commemorating the anniversary of the Treaty of Trianon or the day of remembrance of the Hungarians expelled from southern Slovakia). Since the school is the main source of such impact, we chose to study how our own history is reflected in history textbooks, and so we based our research on history textbooks for primary schools in Slovakia. Unfortunately, however, we do not know what other important events and additions, apart from the information in the textbooks, are mentioned in the lessons by the teachers who teach history. To explore this further, a comprehensive questionnaire survey of history teachers in primary schools in Slovakia would be needed, so in our study we have made observations and drawn conclusions only on the basis of the history textbooks analysed.

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O SOCIOGRAFIE A ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTULUI ȘCOLAR CLUJEAN ÎN PERIOADA COMUNISTĂ (1948–1989). STUDIU DE CAZ: ÎNVĂȚĂMÂNTUL ÎN LIMBA MAGHIARĂ

Author(s): Zoltán Salánki / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The present study proposes a new insight into the general education in the Hungarian-language in Communist Romania, known through the historiography as being a controversial issue. While the officials of the Communist regime stated that the educational rights of minorities were fully respected, the leaders of the Hungarian community argued that there was a certain educational discrimination. In this respect, the city of Cluj, as a symbolic place and the locus of ethnical identification for Transylvanian Hungarians – achieved through the historical becoming of this settlement –, is therefore an optimal choice to enriching our understanding about education in Hungarian as a mother tongue. After the fall of the Communist dictatorship, due to the lack of data related to the Hungarian language schooling during Communism, most of the surveys relied on scattered evidences and resulted in partial school monographs. The present study, based on extended research carried out at the Romanian National Archives, aims to offer a larger perspective on describing and understanding these past realities. It is also focused on “reading” the schooling evidences of the historical period (schools and pupils enrolled) within the political, socio- economical, demographical, institutional context and especially trough the local implementation of educational policies.

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ІНСТУЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ПОСТУП ТА МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ОЛЕГА ТИМОШЕНКА ВІД МОНОВИШУ ДО ЗАКЛАДУ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКОГО ЗРАЗКА

Author(s): Iryna Vilyamivna Dats / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2024

The purpose of the article is to examine the conditions of Oleh Tymoshenko’s institutional development and management from a mono-unit to a university-type higher institution. The research methodology constitutes fundamental methods of scientific research, namely: source studies, theoretical-analytical, historical, and the method of generalisation. The article clarifies the concepts of institutional development of culture, music education, art schools, and music education on the example of scientific and educational activities and administrative work of the rector O. Tymoshenko. The obtained results made it possible to better understand the processes taking place in the cultural environment of Ukraine. Scientific novelty. The article reveals the process of institutional evolution of music education at the Kyiv Conservatory during the rectorate of O. Tymoshenko. The study chronicled the main stages of formation and development of the Conservatory as a leading institution of music education in the socio-historical, cultural and artistic processes of Ukraine, and also revealed the place and role of the Academy in the formation of the modern national system of music education. Conclusions. Using institutional principles, the method of involving leading Ukrainian theatre artist, expansion of specialties and areas of educational activity, the Kyiv Conservatory acquired the status of Academy. The integration processes that took place between universities, cultural institutions, and international institutions were implemented due to O. Tymoshenko’s organisational and managerial qualities. Despite the unpopular managerial steps, he was able to preserve and ensure the functioning of the opera studio, and due to close ties with theatre institutions, the studio repertoire policy was restored and expanded. It is difficult to overestimate the long-term contribution and hard work of Oleh Tymoshenko in the context of historical and cultural changes in the formation of Ukrainian statehood and national art.

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За историческото познание в Софийския университет

Author(s): Mira Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The formation of modern historical knowledge in Bulgaria is directly related to that of the University, and history as a science is the foundation of higher education in Bulgaria. The first and only department of the Higher Pedagogical Course, which opened its doors on 1 October 1888 and laid the foundations of university education in Bulgaria, was the Historical and Philological Department, where the history of the Eastern peoples, the beginnings of culture, general Slavic ethnography and dialectology, Greek, Old Bulgarian, Latin, sociology, pedagogy, logic, and psychology were taught. The first lecturers were Alexander Teo Dorov-Balan, Lyubomir Miletich, Ivan Georgov, Nikola Mikhailovsky, Joseph Kovachev, Ivan Shishmanov, Stanimir Stanimirov, Ivan Danev.

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THE INTERFERENCE OF FUNDAMENTAL VALUES IN THE FORMATION OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF PRESCHOOLERS

Author(s): Snejana Cojocari-Luchian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

The article explores the impact of fundamental values on the formation of environmental literacy in preschoolers. The author emphasizes the importance of environmental education in the development of environmental awareness and responsible behavior towards nature. It stresses the importance of fundamental human values in the formation of ecological behavior, offering a profound perspective on the relationship between man and nature. The methodological proposals are varied and adapted to the needs of pre-school children, ensuring effective and attractive learning. The proposed educational methodology offers concrete proposals and strategies for integrating values into educational activities.

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Učebnica latinčiny Donatus Latino-Hungaricus (1697) ako hodnotné slovacikum

Author(s): Ľudmila Eliášová Buzássyová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 55/2023

The study focuses on the textbook on the Latin grammar basics Latin-Hungarian donat, lat. Donatus Latino-Hungaricus as an important and so far little-known monument of the cultural heritage of Slo-vakia. It is a teaching text compiled originally by the German Protestant teacher Johannes Rhenius edited and adapted for the requirements of the territory of the so-called Upper Hungary (and special-ly, for the evangelical school in Trenčín) by Michal Mišovic. More in detail, the article describes the presumed first edition, which was published in Samuel Brewer's printing house in 1697. The socio-historical context and the reasons that led the author to write the textbook are briefly indicated. The specific position of Mišovic's language adaptation is pointed out both in the context of the otherwise only Latin works of the author, and in the context of other Rhenian Donats from the territory of to-day's Slovakia. The relationship between the two forms of the title of this textbook is also explained.

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