Kino w ruinach. Promocja filmów w Berlinie 1945-1949

Author(s): Magdalena Saryusz-Wolska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

The article deals with marketing strategies of films and cinemas in Berlin during the first years after World War II. The author analyses diverse visual presence in the ruined city. Special attention is paid to questions concerning the political situation (Berlin as an occupied and divided city) as well as the demographic situation. Given the huge surplus of women in the German population after 1945, cinema audiences reflected this fact very precisely – seeing as the cinema was one of the few leisure time activities in those years.

Żywy trup. Jak kultura popularna reprodukuje lęk przed wykluczeniem

Author(s): Tomasz Nowicki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2013

In this article I describe how “different” and “inclusion” act in texts of popular culture on ex­ample of the living dead concept. I claim that the living dead is a political category. There is a story about naked life which is designated to be a biopolitical substantiation. The paradigm for the concept of a living dead is a concentra­tion camp.

ДРУГОСТТА И ПРОБЛЕМЪТ ЗА СВОБОДАТА НА ПРИДВИЖВАНЕ В КЛАСИЧЕСКА АТИНА

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The issue of the freedom of movement and its relation to migrations is among the essential aspects of the theme of migrations. Migration is just a small segment of the total mobility. People move for different reasons and they can be classified in different categories: tourists, immigrants, foreign workers, refugees, students, pilgrims… It is more important that this leads to the formation of a cosmopolitan, racially/ethnically and culturally mixed society against the background of intensive civilisational exchanges. However, these processes are also reflected in acute social conflicts and confrontation.Archaic societies did not elaborate the legal foundations of the freedom of movement, which presuppose an international community of states, based on the general recognition of the principles of territorial sovereignty and equality of independent states before the law. That was to become possible with the emergence of the modern European state system. The problem of the free movement of people and its relevance to migrations as a form of mobility in antiquity has many aspects. The present paper analyses the issue of identity, which is closely related to the issues of otherness and to the big theme of the control over mobility by generating a restrictive system vis-à-vis the alien and the foreigners through a precise model of inclusion in and exclusion from the political and social community.

Trudna sprawa z docusoap czyli patologia życia codziennego

Author(s): Justyna Bucknall-Hołyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2013

Docudrama or semi‐documentary series are television programs that imitate documentary style and form while depicting fiction and using actors. They appeared in Poland in 2010 and were produced for and featured on the most popular Polish mainstream television channels, Polsat and TVN. Three years later their popularity has yet to peak. The success of the semi‐documentary series can be seen as a response to the economic and, perhaps, cultural crises of recent times. They certainly satisfy a particular need within many viewers for easy entertainment that is sensational and engaging yet lightweight and undemanding. While the genre’s lack of sophistication and its audience’s facile appreciation may draw criticism, they have attracted much attention beyond their first instance popularity, instigating various vlogs, parody videos on YouTube, Facebook fanpages and other instances of media and interaction. This paper will look at the causes underlying this recent cultural phenomenon and consider the extent of its reach.

Wstęp: Tabu w przestrzeni publicznej

Author(s): Elżbieta Anna Sekuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

Foreword to the issue

Transgresyjne właściwości maski jako przepustka do łamania norm społecznych

Author(s): Sandra Kmieciak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2012

We rarely realize that breaking taboos in public space can be done not only with the help of art. For a similar place where you can safely hide, at the same time allowing yourself to go beyond the generally accepted conventions, prohibitions and orders imposed on each member of the community, you can recognize the mask.

Регионални приступ проучавању социокултурних разлика међу становништвом метрополитенског подручја Мумбаја

Author(s): Dejan Šabić,Mila A. Pavlović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 6/2009

The regional approach in researching the social and cultural differences, multiculturalism and the dimensions of cultural development has been analyzed through the example of the population of Mumbai Metropolitan Area. Different aspects and dimensions of relations and connections between ethnic groups and communities in this large city, transfer of cultures in the traditional Indian society and influence of globalization have been indicated. The influence of globalization on the social and cultural changes in society from the aspect of regional geography has been discussed in a separate part of the paper.

Moda jako źródło cierpień: etyczny wymiar produkcji i obrazowania

Author(s): Paula Milczarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

Fashion, both in its manufacturing dimension and as a field of visual culture, remains morally involved. The article is an attempt to incorporate phenomena related to fashion in an ethical perspective. The first part of the article focuses on mass production practices: such as shipping, greenwashing, fur farm industry, or the negative environmental impact associated with production. The second part of the article is devoted to the practices related to the culture-producing dimension of fashion, as well as the total aesthetization of everyday life (and the resulting anesthetization), the falsification and the simularization of reality or fashion projects based on the use of motives rooted in culture or religion.

Co design może zdziałać? Dom jako zespół relacji

Author(s): Kamil Kuhr / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2017

An interpretation of „Better Shelter” by Ikea provides a point of departure for cultural analysis of the term „home”. By asking what design can do and how it affects different understandings of home territories, I prove that common meaning of „home” is a justification for the antagonistic division into us and them. As an alternative, I suggest that home territories should be seen as performative spaces (David Morley). I analyze „The Microbial Home” with reference to Judith Butler’s theory of bodies-as-living-set-of-relations in order to show that homes are analogous sets-of-relations. In this context, design would be a way of thinking that creates inclusive spaces and addresses social issues (i.e. global migrations, environmental degradation).

Роль импортных материалов в создании костюмных комплексов городского населения Молдавского княжества XV—XVII вв.

Author(s): Natalia M. Kalashnikova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2017

The article analyzes written, graphic and material sources about extensive and active trade relations of the Principality of Moldavia that played an important role in formation of costumes worn by various estates in Moldavian cities in 15th—17th century. As the so-called “Tartar route”, one of the most actively used trade routes of 13th—14th century: from German cities to Lviv and Kamianets-Podilskyi and farther to Tighina (Bender) and Black Sea ports of Billhorod-Dnistrovsky and Caffa (Feodosia) constantly became more and more dangerous, merchants gradually ceased to use it and, in late 14th — early 15th centuries, adapted new “Moldavian route” from Krakov and Lviv to Suceava, Galats, Bilhorod and Caffa. Thus, it were Krakov and Lviv that secured Moldavian trade with Poland, Germany, Flanders, and Italy. Due to this route and arrival of oriental and, later, western imported materials (textiles, jewelery, etc.) in 16th—17th centuries, the costumes of Moldavian nobility were formed. First, Byzantine (as earlier in time) elements prevailed in these costumes, later to be replaced by West European fashion trends. The former reached Moldavia through neighboring Balkan countries, and the latter through Hungary and Poland.

Маскарадът в Драмско

Author(s): Iglika Mishkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

Basing herself on field studies in the villages of Kali Vrissi, Volak and Petrusa in Drama Region in Northern Greece, the author reviews the current state of the masquerade, which now takes place regularly between 6 and 8 of January. Banned after World War II and restored in the 1960s, the masquerade is today a part of the cultural heritage but also a living cultural practice whose elements (rituals, masks and verbal communication) have undergone remarkable changes through the years. Being a cultural construction that points to the past and unifies the heterogeneous population in this border region, every year the masquerade recreates the present and addresses day-to-day issues. Although different in each of the three settlements, the masquerade is a social phenomenon everywhere: from a traditional holiday it grew into an act of diachronic community presentation. At the same time the roles of those taking part in the masquerade are perceived by the local people not as a brief change of identity but as a special status.

Българското неделно училище „Св. Вмчк Георги Зограф“ в Солун – институция, консолидационен център, медиатор на българско културно наследство

Author(s): Tanya Matanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The text presents the history of the establishment and development of the Bulgarian Sunday School “Saint George the Zograph” in Thessaloniki (under the patronage of the Bulgarian Athos monastery “Saint George the Zograf”) and examines the curricular and the extra-curricular activities by means of which the Bulgarian cultural heritage is preserved and transmitted. Attention is also paid to the other Bulgarian formal and informal institutions staying in close contact with the school – for example the Consulate General of the Republic of Bulgaria in the city, the group for folk dances and music, as well as the Slavic church choir. Due to the celebration of the feasts and to the activity of the Bulgarian school, the Bulgarian community in Thessaloniki could be considered consolidated, organized and self-reproducing one while the Bulgarian Sunday school functions as a consolidating centre for it (i.e. as an institutional space which unites it and brings its members together upon their common interests as Bulgarian organizations and Bulgarian migrants). The school also functions as a mediator of the Bulgarian cultural heritage because of taking part in the events, organized by the local Greek society with performances including elements of the Bulgarian dance, music, verbal and ritual folklore.In other words, the knowledge about the Bulgarian language, religion, history, folklore and culture is reproduced and transmitted to the next generation (and to the Greek society) through the curricular and extra-curricular activities, as well as through the festive events within the Greek society and within the Bulgarian migrant community. Furthermore, this contributes to the maintenance of the Bulgarian spirit in Thessaloniki and to the preservation of the ethno-cultural identity of the Bulgarian migrants there.

Теменуга Върбанова. Българската етнография в периода 1878–1944 г. Представители, постижения, проблеми. Велико Търново, 2017

Author(s): Elya Alexandrova Tsaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

REVIEWS

Author(s): Orsolya Gyöngyössy,András Simon,László Mód,Zsuzsanna Börcsök,Klára Kuti,István Povedák,Denise Y. Arnold,Mária Flórián / Language(s): English,German Issue: 1/2011

Review of: 1. Ulrike Egelhaaf-Gaiser – Alfred Schäfer: Religiöse Vereine in der römischen Antike: Untersuchungen zu Organisation, Ritual und Raumordnung. Studien und Texte zu Antike und Christentum 13. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck 2002, 310 pp. by: Orsolya Gyöngyössy 2. Szilvia Andrea Holló – János Szulovszky (Hrsg.): Az agyagművesség évezredei a Kárpátmedencében [Thousands of Years of Pottery in the Carpathian Basin]. MTA VEAB: Budapest–Veszprém, 2006, 204 Seiten. by: András Simon 3. Zoltán Ilyés: A tájhasználat változásai és a történeti kultúrtáj 18-20. századi fejlődése Gyimesben [Variant Uses of the Land and Changes in the Historical Man-made Landscape in the 18th–20th Centuries in Gyimes]. Eger: Eszterházy Károly College, Department of Geography 2007, 191 pp. by: László Mód 4. Peter Luetchford: Fair Trade and a Global Commodity. London: Pluto Press, 2007, 219 Seiten. by: Zsuzsanna Börcsök 5. Bertalan Andrásfalvy: A Duna mente népének ártéri gazdálkodása [Die Überschwemmungswirtschaftung des Volkes an der Donau]. Budapest: Ekvilibrium Kiadó, 2007, 440 Seiten by: László Mód 6. Zsigmond Csoma: Bortörténeti breviárium [Weingeschichtliches Breviar]. Agroinform Kiadó: Budapest, 2006, 291 Seiten; Zsigmond Csoma – László András Magyar: Magyar füvesés gyógyborok [Ungarische Kräuter- und Medizinalweine]. Budapest: Agroinform Kiadó, 2007, 423 Seiten by: András Simon 7. Gyula Viga: A bodrogközi kultúra és társadalom változása a 19-20. században [Change in the Culture and Society of the Bodrogköz Region in the 19th–20th Centuries]. Budapest: L’Harmattan–Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology of the University of Pécs 2008, 266 pp. by: László Mód 8. Anikó Báti: Régi és új elemek a cserépfalui konyhán [Alte und neue Elemente in der Küche von Cserépfalu]. Budapest, Magyar Néprajzi Társaság: 2008, 290 Seiten. by: Klára Kuti 9. Peter Jan Margry (ed.): Shrines and Pilgrimage in the Modern World. New Itineraries into the Sacred. Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press: 2008, 362 Seiten. by: István Povedák 10. Henriette Eva Szabó: Diccionario de la antropología boliviana. Santa Cruz: Aguaragüe and the Cooperación Holandesa. 2008, 771pp. by: Denise Y. Arnold 11. Tamás Dénesi – Zsigmond Csoma (Hrsg.): „ad vinum diserti …” Monostori szőlőés borgazdálkodás [„ad vinum diserti ...“ Klösterliche Reb- und Weinwirtschaft]. Budapest, Agroinform Kiadó: 2009, 227 Seiten. by: László Mód – András Simon 12. Tekla Tötszegi: A mérai viselet változása a 20. században. A mérai magyar női viselet és kontextusai [Change in the Méra Folk Costume in the 20th century. The Hungarian Women’s Costume of Méra and its Contexts]. Marosvásárhely/Tirgu Mures: Mentor Kiadó 2009, 408 pp. by: Mária Flórián 13. Tamás Hofer: Egy falu az országban. Képek Átányból 1953 és hozzávetőleg 1962 között [A Village in Hungary. Images from Átány between 1953 and around 1962]. Budapest: Museum of Ethnography 2009, 85 pp. by: László Mód

Приемната грижа в медийното пространство

Author(s): Hristinka Basheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The general aim of this article is to promote the idea and organization of foster care as a protection measure and social service as reflected by the media. The media plays an important role in introducing, popularizing and evaluating the foster care – showing examples of both „bad“ and „good“ practices. The positive direction it creates is to inform the public about the service by showing these practices. The negative direction, the sceptical thinking and even the denial of this new form of care for children in need and risk, which is still seeking its place in Bulgaria and worldwide, come from the media suggestions that the foster parents are living and often profiting on the back of the children.

Власт и неподвластни страсти: проституцията в османското общество (XVIII век)

Author(s): Orlin Sabev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The paper deals with prostitution in 18th century Ottoman society, Bulgarian lands including. Legislation on prostitution, resting both on the intransigent rules of religious law (sharia) and on the more tolerable Ottoman state law (some customary laws included), is taken into consideration. The paper is based on comparative analyses of literary narratives, “urban legends” and documentary sources from Ottoman archives related to prostitution and its persecution. The archives dating from the 18th century show that all measures (systematic and accidental) undertaken by the Ottoman authorities to combat and wipe out prostitution – mainly through imprisonment and expulsion of prostitutes and state servants caught in immoral contacts with prostitutes – had but a minimal effect. It was realized in the 19th century that prostitution is nothing but the “necessary evil” and that it is better to control through legalization of brothels and taxation of prostitutes (after the western pattern) than to apply rigorous measures, death penalty including.

Графитите от Имарет джамия в Пловдив (Критичен коментар)

Author(s): Lyubomir Mikov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The subject of my critical comment is the research of the archaeologist Nikolai Ovcharov devoted to the already non-existing graffiti in the Imaret mosque in Plovdiv (build in 1444–1445). He has documented, described and analyzed 88 graffiti images. They were further represented in an album in the appendix. I would suggest that the documentation and the publishing of the graffiti are among Ovcharov’s most prominent contributions.At the same time, he believes that these graffiti date back from the second half of the 15th century which I find rather disputable. Debatable is also the definite identification of the graffiti pieces, which does not take into consideration the extremely reduced nature of the forms and the nature of the images – utterly generalized, rather conventional, quite unclear and sometimes even unfinished.In the focus of his attention are the graffiti depicting swimming vessels but they are compared only with the non-Ottoman (West European) ship-models. At the same time, in 15th–16th century the Ottoman fleet was a powerful and prominent factor in the Mediterranean. Thus, I believe that images of swimming vessels in the Imaret mosque actually reflect patterns of the Ottoman fleet.The most important questions related to the mosque graffiti are questions about their emergence and preservation until 1980s. I would also suggest that their creators most probably were people with mental disorders.

Стари надгробни паметници от района на Судак, Крим

Author(s): Leniyara Dzhelilova,Akhtem Dzhelilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The paper presents the authors’ research on gravestones found in villages near Sudak. Most gravestones date back to the second half of 19th and early 20th centuries. Gravestones in the villages near Sudak have their own history. The most ancient one is dated by 1218 a.h./1802–1803 c.e., and the most recent one – by 1362 a.h./1943 c.e. The gravestones found in Khoz, Tokhlukh and Tarakhtash can be classified in three groups:1. Ancient gravestones;2. Fragments (remnants) of ancient gravestones; 3. Top parts of the ancient gravestones – fez, dal fez [turban], sarykh, fragments of an astrakhan cap.Crimean Tatar gravestones found in these three villages were made in pillar on in slabstone form. The face plate contains inscriptions, called epitaphs (from Greek έπιτάφιος – “specific of gravestone”). The other sides of gravestones contain engravings (decorations and drawings): the Islamic symbol of a star and crescent, Koran, ewer and plants, including fig-tree, six-petal flowers, etc.The tradition of Crimean Tatar gravestones, found in Khoz, Tokhlukh and Tarakhtash villages near Sudak, originated from Ottoman Turkey. There is also some similarity between the gravestones in Sudak and the thombstones from the Roman period on the territory of contemporary Turkey.

Скито-сакски източници на орнамента бута

Author(s): Hasan Azizoglu Hasanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

The author of the article explores origines and later revival of buta – an almond-shaped ornament with a sharp-curved upper end. The ornament is broadly used in decorative arts of many peoples in the East and is esteemed as the most ancient national ornament of Azerbaijan. According to the author, the earliest samples of buta date back to 8th century B.C.E. and come from the cultures of Scythians and Sakas, where the ornament had sacred and symbolical meaning. The revival of the ornament buta began in 12th century, during the reign of the Turkic dynasty Eldegizids on the territory of Azerbaijan and in the course of time it spread on whole of Greater Persia. In 16th century buta was conveyed to India by the Mughals, and hence – to the Great Britain, where buta became known as “Paisley pattern” after the town of Paisley – the textile-manifacturing center in Scotland. The author’s conclusion, based on comparative analyses of a multitude of examles from applied arts and architecture in whose decoration or form buta is used, is that Persian, Indian and Western cultures have borrowed both the ornament and its name from the Turkic peoples.

Международна научна конференция “The ‘State Artist’ in Romania and Eastern Europe”, Букурещ, 5 октомври 2016 г.

Author(s): Lina Gergova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

Scholarly Conference