Dawni mieszkańcy Garbar w ujęciu biokulturowym

Author(s): Agata Przesmycka,Krzysztof Szostek,Elżbieta Niedźwiecka,Sławomir Dryja,Aleksandra Lempart,Elżbieta Haduch / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2015

The present work analyses the bone material unearthed at the graveyard of St Peter the Little’s Church in Garbary. The study is based on research from the years 1978 and 2012. A total of 111 skeletons were analysed, all of them of medium condition, dating back to the modern period. The material’s diversity level was verified by biological distance assessment. Ward’s method was used for selected measurement features of the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. Sex and age were established simultaneously by means of methods commonly applied in anthropology. The assessment was based on the morphology of the skull and pelvic bones as well as the deciduous and permanent teeth eruption sequence. Cranial measurements and indices were subjected to analysis. Osteometric data provided the basis for an analysis of long bone symmetry, limb length and proportions and bone massiveness indices. A multi-planar reconstruction of individuals’ stature was performed by means of regression formulas developed by various authors. Sexual dimorphism index served indirectly as a measurement of the living conditions of individuals in the population, whereas an analysis of muscular and skeletal stress markers on bones allowed us to evaluate build types. Calculated life expectancy table parameters were used to recreate e.g. individuals’ lifespans and life expectancy structure (by age at death) characteristic of historical populations of Krakow. /W pracy dokonano analizy materiału kostnego wyeksplorowanego z obszaru cmentarza przy kościele św. Piotra Małego na Garbarach. Badania prowadzone były w latach 1978 i 2012. Analizie poddano 111 szkieletów, o średnim stanie zachowania, datowanych na okres nowożytny. Sprawdzono stopień różnorodności materiału z wykorzystaniem oceny odległości biologicznej. Zastosowano metodę Warda dla wybranych cech pomiarowych mózgoczaszki i twarzoczaszki. Płeć i wiek zostały ocenione kompleksowo z zastosowaniem metod powszechnie przyjętych w antropologii. Wykorzystano ku temu morfologię czaszki i kości miednicznych, jak również sekwencję wyrzynania się zębów mlecznych i stałych. Analizie poddano pomiary i wskaźniki czaszek. W oparciu o pomiary osteometryczne wykonano analizę symetryczności kości długich, długości i proporcji kończyn oraz wskaźników masywności kości. Wielopłaszczyznową rekonstrukcję wysokości ciała osobników przeprowadzono przy użyciu równań regresji różnych autorów. Wskaźnik dymorfizmu płciowego pośrednio posłużył jako miara warunków życia osobników w populacji, natomiast analiza wyznaczników stresu mięśniowo-szkieletowego na kościach pozwoliła na ocenę typu budowy ciała. Obliczone parametry tablicy wymieralności posłużyły odtworzeniu m.in. długości życia osobników i struktury wymieralności według wieku zmarłych zachodzącej w jednej z dawnych populacji krakowskich.

От съставителя. Преходи и диалози

Author(s): Anelia Kassabova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

Субкултура на геймърите

Author(s): Vasil Baltadziev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The paper aims to define Gamers as a subculture. Based on observations of Bulgarian players and the game World of Warcraft as a main example the specifics of the group and how it differs from the mass culture are defined.

Научна конференция „Агрокултурни ориентации и практики: локални трансформации в условията на европеизация и глобализация“

Author(s): Ivaylo Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

Local Communities and the Social Involvement of the Ethnographic Museums

Author(s): Nikolay Nenov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This text describes and problematizes examples of Bulgarian and foreign museums focusing on mechanisms of social involvement. Examples are united by an anthropological discourse which gives Bulgarian ethnographic museums an opportunity to expand the thematic issues of their exhibits and activities. Alternative ways to develop and use the museum as an instrument for social criticism are part of the quest of today’s ethnographic museums. At the same time, the author makes his bias towards the Ecomuseum format clear in the search for an ethnographic reading, showing that the establishment of these museums creates a connection between local communities and the museum, which makes it possible to share local identity with various audiences.

National Character and Folklore in the Distorting Mirror of Bulgarian Animated Cinema

Author(s): Nadezhda Marinchevska / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The article examines various interpretations of folklore elements in Bulgarian animatedcinema as well as authors’ personal generalizations about main features of theBulgarian national character and ethos in the period from the late 1940s to these days.In the 1960s, the process, which has begun in the framework of ideological censorship,Bulgarian folklore tradition included, quickly transformed into satirical film model aiming its criticism at the Bulgarian national character. This model was based on the unconventional visual representation of folklore through the modern graphics and caricature, through the grotesque and decorative drawing. The next stage of the transformation of mythological and legendary subjects in the 1980s was related to radical neo-vanguard practices in Bulgarian animated cinema, which compared Bulgarian tradition to foreign cultures and ideas on a global scale and in a wide range– from the direct parallels in art to the psychoanalytical interpretations visualized insurrealistic stylistics.After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, all aspects of Bulgarian culture experienced a crisis – institutional, financial, and artistic. One could expect that the abolishment of ideological sanctions would push artists to openly revive topics that were forbidden until then, to interpret plots from folklore that had been unacceptable until that moment, or at least would prompt a new understanding of the meaning of the national character, broadening the worldview from the 1980s. Unfortunately, nothing of the sort occurred.

Bulgarian Mosaic

Author(s): Rossitza Guentcheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The article is dedicated to the travel notes on Bulgaria, Down the Donkey’s Path.Bulgarian Mosaic, written in 1978 in East Germany by the East German writer Kurt Bizalski and republished in 2001 in united Germany without any changes, explanations or supplements. Bizalski based the book on his experience in Bulgaria in 1977 when he paid an official visit at the invitation of the Union of the Bulgarian Writers.However, the Embassy of People’s Republic of Bulgaria in Berlin criticizes the travel notes, stigmatizes the author and recommends not to translate the book into Bulgarian.The Committee for State Security accuses the work in distorting the socialist reality and prevents its distribution in Bulgaria. This article presents Down the Donkey’s Path as a mobile book – restricted but not everywhere, prohibited but not completely,occupying the extra-national art space extended across the political borders within the socialist bloc from the 1970s and the 1980s. Analysing the author of travel notes as an anthropologist, Bulgaria as a field of research and the Bulgarian readers as a local critical public allows us to look at the problem of the relation between anthropology, literature and political censorship from another angle.

Amateur Football – Identity and Memory

Author(s): Iva Kyurkchieva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This paper analyses the role of a village near Sofia’s football tournament and the football museum established in that same village as specific times and places of memory.The author’s interest is provoked by the fact that football occupies a significant part of the living world of the bearers of that culture; it touches them emotionally and their experiences related to it are extremely important to them. Football gives meaning to their workdays and holidays and at the same time, it becomes a kind of regulator of neighbourly and village relations. It also contributes to the adaptation of young people into modern society. The football occupations of the local people seriously influence their social life. By means of football, they provide themselves with the components of their local identity construction, which increase communal confidence and differentiate them from others.

“Don’t Underestimate the Girls... Some of them are More Genuine Ultras than You”

Author(s): Kremena Iordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

Sports and football in particular are always considered a typical male occupation,which stresses male values and where the presence of the opposite sex is regarded as unnatural. In the last decade, the European stadiums witness the unprecedented presence of women attending the football games. This leads to the conclusion that the idea of male hegemony on the stadium could be questioned. The study is conducted among women–football fans in Bulgaria. The main questions, which it aims to answer,are: What are the ways of becoming a football fan? How do the female football fans spend their time in the circles that were until recently considered male? To what extent is their behaviour on the stadium independent?

"A vallási élet elemi formái"-tól "A média rítusai"-ig: durkheimi fogalmak a kommunikációelméletben

Author(s): Eszter Bartha / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 18/2012

The essay gives a critical review of The Rituals of the Media by Lajos Császi. It seeks to showhow the Durkheimian sociology of religion can be applied to the modern communicationtheory and what perspectives such a combination can store for sociology. The mediahas a significant impact on the formation of public opinion; therefore, its rituals deservea special attention. However, the opinion forming power of the media depends on thesocial structure and the movement of the masses. Today even ordinary people can broadcastInternet TV-programmes and we have not even mentioned the technical possibilitiesoffered by the various social network sites. It is not only the technical competence, whichdetermines whether a given opinion will remain embedded in a narrow subculture or itsucceeds to move the masses, which was a well-loved catchword of the 20th century

Концептът дом в украинския прозаичен фолклор от първата половина на ХХ век: семантика на „загубата“

Author(s): Oksana Kuzmenko / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The author analyses symbolic spatial images typical for the Ukrainian folklore narratives about World War I (1914−1918), famine (1932−1933), forced deportations (1946–1947). Thus she investigates the images of landscape (forest, mountain). Special attention is paid to the objects of the closed inner space which forms the concept of home with the help of its congenial attributive characteristics (burnt empty house, evacuated burnt village, destroyed church, dug out grave). The indicated loci, on the background of the universal mythological oppositions “own” – “alien”, “here” – “there”, “old” – “new”, build up a generalized image of the character’s destroyed vital microcosm and places of his/her annihilated freedoms.

Между канона и традицията – локални версии на Мевлида сред турци сунити в Североизточна България

Author(s): Behrin Shopova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Mevlid is one of the basic ritual complexes in the culture of the Turks in Bulgaria and is practiced by all Muslim communities. It is believed to be religious in nature and is an immanent part of the system of calendar and family rites. Mevlid first appears among Sufi Muslims, but soon becomes an element of the traditional Suni rites. The article follows the appearance and the diffusion of the rite and further compares Mevlid in mosque practice with its performance in the village tradition by revealing the specifics of the ritual as it is performed in the village of Gorna Hubavka, Targovishte region. The use of a text which differs from the conventional one, the appointment of specific months in the religious calendar for the performance of the ritual, the inclusion of authors songs not related to the Prophet, as well as the nature of the ritual stereotypes that are built form the local specifics of the ritual in the village. The analysis of the Mevlid and its particular local characteristics opens the possibility for the study of a very important aspect of the culture of the Suni in Bulgaria. It reveals the mechanisms of functioning of the so-called Balkan Islam which differs substantially from the high Islamic religious culture.

Юбилеят на Татяна В. Цивян и XIV Балканистични четения в Института по славянознание към Руската академия на науките

Author(s): Irina Aleksandrovna Sedakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Anniversary; Scientific Life; Scholarly Conference

Тритомно издание за фолклора на българите в Албания

Author(s): Natalia Rashkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Book Review

Ружа Нейкова. Калашите – последният залез в Хиндукуш. София: Фосфорус, 2017

Author(s): Anna Shtarbanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Book Review

Национална научна конференция „Традицията в народната култура“

Author(s): Bilyana Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Events

Social History as Revealed by Gesture: Changing Eighteenth-Century Styles of Meeting and Greeting

Author(s): Penelope J. Corfield / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This essay explores the significance of changing styles of interpersonal greetings in Britain in the long eighteenth century (from 1700 to the 1850s). Everyday rituals of hat honour, when men removed their hats and women curtseyed, were increasingly undertaken in a brisker and much less elaborate manner. Yet there was also change within change. A new alternative style of greeting was emerging in the form of the handshake. The urban, social, cultural, and class contexts of such changes are analyzed, pointing to multi-directional historical trends in the intimate rituals of everyday life.

Тракия и образът на тракиеца в народоведските съчинения на Антон Страшимиров

Author(s): Milena Kirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

Anton Strashimirov is one of the first Bulgarian authors who wrote in the field of national psychology as early as the beginning of the 20th century. He published “A Book on Bulgarians” in 1918, and five years later, it reappeared in an expanded new edition as “Our People”. This book set the beginning of a popular discourse known as national psychology, which in Bulgaria subsisted until the late 20th century. The main body of Strashimirov's work dealt with the five principal groups of Bulgarians characterised by their different geographical location and dialects: Shops, Moesian people, Thracian people, Rhodopeans, and Macedonian people. This paper deals with the image of Thracian people (typical features of their life, psychological characteristics, and patterns of behaviour) the way Strashimirov depicted them. Anton Strashimirov's ethno-psychological research possesses beyond doubt great literary merits, but his generalisations are also interesting for exemplifying and proving the popular stereotypes which early 20th century Bulgarian writers resorted to when conceiving and constructing the national consciousness.

Adaptare și imitație în romanele "No Time Like the Present", de Nadine Gordimer și „Vremea Minunilor", de Cătălin Dorian Florescu

Author(s): Simina Timofte / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

In a series of lectures in 1994, Nadine Gordimer remarks the different status of Africa which is no longer at the edge of the empire, but on the contrary, in the center of it. In this respect, post-apartheid Africa has rebuilt its national identity on the background of global events that write universal history, offering citizens the chance to escape their country's constraints and bring important key elements in the globalization process.Thus, replacing apartheid themes in a new country is an extreme taskby the applicant. Some of the favourite subjects of the "old guard" are the following: the importance of multiculturalism in post-apartheid South Africa, the writer's status, vulgarisation of violence due to mass-media, reconciliation with a violent past and their economic and cultural implications, the fight against AIDS, sexual emancipation, globalization and loss of cultural and national identity, uprooting, migration and economic exile which replaced major pre-existing concerns about violence, racial and gender discrimination, the relationship between literature and politics, or the role of ethics in literature.The same situation can be applied to eastern countries. Even though they were not "postcolonial" in the classical sense of the term, applicable to the former British, French, Spanish, Portuguese or Dutch colonies, the "post-communist transition" through which they passed included the disarmament of a certain political and economic "occupation".People had to adapt to the new order, to the new reality, which was a complex process, a difficult one, that implied, many times, exile.Therefore, the purpose of my argument is to present what consequences can occur at the psychological level because of the attempt of adaptation of the characters to the new social and political order, by imitation, postcolonial and post-communist context. And here comes the question: does imitation facilitate adaptation? Although the logical answer would be yes, we will notice, by discussing the two texts, exactly the opposite.

Szkoła trudnych uczuć. „Igrzyska Śmierci” Suzanne Collins na lekcji języka polskiego

Author(s): Karolina Jędrych / Language(s): Polish Issue: 26/2017

In the article the author analyzes and interprets fragments of the first two chapters of the novel The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins. She shows how to create the initial characterization of the book’s heroine, Katniss Everdeen, basing on selected fragments. In the following part of the article, the heroine’s feelings are analyzed, especially those she experienced during the harvest festivities, when she volunteered for the Hunger Games, thus replacing her younger sister. Careful reading of these fragments of the text makes it possible to name the emotions of the heroine and to have a closer look at how the description of internal experiences looks like. At the end, the author asks a few questions about both emotions and human morality. These questions may be put after reading the text at school, and may be discussed with students.