Из живота на българската общност в Гюмюрджина. Граници и идентичности /края на 19 век – 1912 г./

Author(s): Maria Markova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The research is focused on a Bulgarian group in Komotini from the late 19th century until 1912. The reconstruction is based on autobiographical memories which outline some of the group’s markers, such as norms of behaviour, boundaries and relations with the “others”. Under the conditions of old systems of contact and co-existence, of trade communication and relations connected with the ideological and moral ideas of the Balkan man in general, i.e. in the case of features referring to the so-called low (deep) culture, the Bulgarians and Greeks in the town draw closer together and live under the conditions of the contact zone. In the opposite case, with the emergence of some of the basic features of the nation and the high culture, such as institutions, designation, territory, language, the anthropological boundary hardens and in part of the contact zone a barrier rises up which discriminates between “we” and the “others”.

Празници и празнуване в Самоков във времето на социализма в спомените на съвременниците

Author(s): Iskra Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

The article presents the local festive system of Samokov in the socialist period. Theobservations and conclusions are based on oral biographical stories collected duringethnological field researches in the town of Samokov conducted in 2011–2015 bythe “Ongal“ Association of Anthropology, Ethnology and Folklore Studies using themethod of oral history.The study examines the official and traditional calendar and family rites andpresents some specific forms of socialist festivities – manifestation, solemn meeting,banquet, literary-musical programme, treat in an intimate circle, as well as festiveforms deriving from traditional feasts.Some typical cultural practices understood and referred to as markers of localidentity in Samokov are outlined: throwing sweet loafs from Rido on the Annunciation, visiting in midnight on Easter the cemetery with a red Easter egg and an Eastercake, the post-wedding custom of “Topenitsa“, the Whitsuntide fair known as Štipimarket, as well as the Samokov leek pasty (samokovski zelnik) and mulled brandy(greyana rakiya).The retrospective look at the Samokov feasts shows that the forms of celebrationare not steady. The dynamic of the processes of change in the urban festivity affectsalso the shift of the places of memory in the town.

The Anthropological Field on the Margins of Europe, 1945–1991. Ed. by A. Bošković and Ch.Hann

Author(s): Elya Tzaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

„Tu było skrzyżowanie…”. O widmobraźni przestrzennej w Warszawie

Author(s): Łukasz Bukowiecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2016

In his groundbreaking book The Image of the City (1960), the American researcher Kevin Lynch, creator of the theory of mental maps, explores the urban dwellers’ mental images and the ways in which these images correspond to the material forms perceived in urban spaces. Bukowiecki argues that in the case of a city such as Warsaw, where the dramatic events of the twentieth century have completely reshaped the urban fabric, we must broaden the scope of our analyses of images of the city to include the social image of objects that are immaterial, imperceptible, or spectral. This approach to reading the city, which has much in common with grounded theory and which has been applied by architecture critics, literary scholars and ethnologists dealing with the space of Warsaw, can be described as an exercise in the haunted spatial imagination.

ГЕНДЕРНЫЕ СТЕРЕОТИПЫ: О ЧЕМ СВИДЕТЕЛЬСТВУЮТ ИМИДЖИ ЖЕНЩИН В ПОПУЛЯРНЫХ ЖЕНСКИХ ЖУРНАЛАХ СССР И ГДР?

Author(s): I. Gewinner / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2014

In the USSR, media in general and print magazines, in particular, have been designed to create views, patterns of behavior, cultural norms and practices of consumption. Thus, in Soviet Russia, propaganda stereotypes of the new Soviet women throughout decades maintained the image of an “emancipated” woman, i.e. an employed woman with other duties like unpaid housework and child-rearing. In this regard, the images of women of Soviet Russia featured ambivalence of gender orientation of clothes and behavioral roles. They were being reproduced from generation to generation, according to the gender schema theory by S. Bem (1981). This article aims at revealing whether images of women in print magazines are consistent with pictures of Soviet women in other socialist countries, in particular, in the GDR. Thus, I wish to discuss the transfer of patterns of behavior and consumption in print magazines in the "developed socialism", which corresponds to the period of the 1970s. To what extent do magazines affect women in a unified way? Are the images of women dramatically different in popular magazines in other (capitalist) countries? The findings indicate a discrepancy between women’s images in Soviet Russia and East Germany .

КРИТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЮ

Author(s): A. Gurov,A. Tolkachev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

До недавнего времени потребление рассматривалось социальными исследователями как гедонистическая деятельность или погоня за удовольствием ради удовольствия [2, 6]. В России такое значение потребления стало актуальным относительно недавно, в постсоциалистический период. С потребительским гедонизмом связыва- ется первое десятилетие 2000-х годов, называемое «жирными нулевыми», когда новая инфраструк- тура (торговые центры, кредитные карты и т.д.) и выросшие доходы создали условия и возможности для гедонистического потребления. Несмотря на то, что не все группы в российском обществе по- лучили полный доступ к таким возможностям, изменения коснулись заметной его части.

ДУАЛЬНОСТЬ СТРУКТУР ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ В ИСТОРИЧЕСКОЙ ДИНАМИКЕ: ОТ СОВЕТСКОГО К ПОСТСОВЕТСКОМУ ОБЩЕСТВУ

Author(s): V. Ilyin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The article studies consumption in Soviet and post-Soviet society in the context of its dual structure. The analysis is based on the assumption that consumption always occurs in the context of existing culture and ideology and is a part of social reproduction. Every type of social reproduction features particular type of individuality. Ideally, a person with such a type of individuality is a function of a social system, i.e. an ideal consumer. However, in reality people are reluctant to turn into the ideal consumers who ensure the interests of the existing system and powerful groups who control social reproduction. Activity of these reluctant consumers results in various resistance practices and consumer culture that corresponds to them. As a result, the structures acquire the dual character and serve as a sustainable form of consumer behavior of those citizens who freely materialize their needs within an available amount of resources. This is, however, not an organized protest, but rather an individual form of resistance that the sociologists call “the art of the weak”.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СОЦИОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ГОРОЖАН В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНДУСТРИАЛИЗАЦИИ ВО ВТОРОЙ ПОЛОВИНЕ 1950-х – НАЧАЛЕ 1980-х гг. (НА МАТЕРИАЛАХ АНГАРО-ЕНИСЕЙСКОГО РЕГИОНА)

Author(s): N.V. Gonina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The industrialization developed in the late XX century in Angara-Yenisei region promoted not only the territory development and the cities growth but also considerable sociocultural changes. In the cities of the region transition from traditional consciousness to the industrial one goes at an accelerated pace. The important role in this process was played by the large industrial enterprises of the Union value which had defined urban environment development parameters of that period of time. As a result of industrialization and urbanization of the region one can observe the transition from paternalism and collectivism to individualization, understanding of personality worthiness, material needs priority growth. These tendencies are of fragmentary and changeable character. Features of traditional, industrial and post-industrial society in the framework of the Soviet system are interwoven with polychromatic picture of sociocultural identity of a transition period. They gained the greatest expressiveness in the regional centers, the smallest level — in the peripheral not industrial cities.

ЧЁРНАЯ «ВОЛГА» И ГОЛЫЕ НЕГРИТЯНКИ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МИФЫ, ГОРОДСКИЕ ЛЕГЕНДЫ И СЛУХИ О ВРЕМЕНАХ ПОЛЬСКОЙ НАРОДНОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ

Author(s): Zuzanna Grębecka / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2013

Каждый польский ребёнок слышал о «чёрной “Волге”». Якобы именно на этом автомобиле, ездили то ли ксёндзы, то ли монашки, то ли сотрудники госбезопасности, или даже высокопоставленные советские чиновники, которые, соблазнив детей конфетами, похищали их и убивали [21, с. 312-313]. Возможно, здесь проявляется отголосок «легенд о крови» — рассказов о хищениях и убийствах христианских детей, якобы совершаемых евреями, которые затем использовали кровь для приготовления мацы [24]. Байки о «чёрной “Волге”» — один из самых популярных современных нарративов, называемых городскими легендами. Впрочем, в области терминологии современного фольклора царит хаос, отражающий, на мой взгляд, существующие дефиниционные проблемы. Дионизиуш Чубала, главный польский исследователь этого явления, пишет: «В своей работе я употребляю множество терминов. Я говорю: “сплетня”, “слух”, “сенсация”, “новость”, “городская легенда”, “современный миф”. Ранее Дорота Симонидес пользовалась терминами: “рассказ из жизни”, “невероятная история”, “ужасная история”, “вампирическая”, а Чеслав Хернас употреблял словосочетание “легенда факта”. Этот номенклатурный плюрализм указывает на некоторую нашу терминологическую беспомощность, одновременно доказывая необ- ходимость срочного уточнения отдельных понятий» [6, 32]. Также и в английском языке нет в этом плане терминологического единогласия: самые часто употребляемые определения — это «urban legend», «modern legend», «contemporary legend», «rumor legend», «modern myth», «rumor», «gossip». По моему мнению, самая важная опознавательная черта рассказов данного типа — это способ отсылки к их подлинности.

Dna jako kod kulturowy

Author(s): Jan Domaradzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

Science has always fascinated artists and many inventions and discoveries have become a source of artistic inspiration. Also, genetics and the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule (€[), represented by the double helix model, inspires visual arts and becomes a leitmotiv for artistic creativity, an object of art and even an artistic technique. Thus, the aim of the present paper is to describe cultural representations of deoxyribonucleic acid in painting, sculpture, architecture, cinema, music and functional art. It expresses the three main forms by which €[ is represented in modern art, such as: an icon, an index and a symbol. Nevertheless, €[ is also used by artists as a unique crafting tool and an artistic technique that can be observed in bioart. Another example of cultural presence of €[ is common speech, where it is one of the most popular metaphors frequently used in marketing, economic consulting, urban planning, sport and advertising. The paper argues that €[ is not only a biological code but a cultural one as well. It is a symbol of modern science and a cultural icon. And it is due to the fact that this ‘molecule of life’ is immensely rich in cultural meanings: it is associated with uniqueness, beauty and casual power. It is the essence of life and the source of immortality. At the same time, €[ enables to propagate new explanations of social ideas on human nature, heredity, destiny, the origins of life, identity, morality and the organization of society.

Polska wojna kulturowa. Pole bitwy i strony konfliktu

Author(s): Tomasz Mróz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02/2015

The 25th anniversary of polish legislative election of 1989 resulted in conflicts that Poland has never seen before. The area of this dispute goes through the borders of politics, religion and worldview. The emerging question is: should the disputation on ‘gender ideology’, „Golgota Picnic”, the doctors’ declaration of faith, the clause of conscience and the case of professor Bogdan Chazan be treated as a forecast of a culture war? Why is there so much controversy on the topics of abortion, civil partnerships, correctness of works of art or significance of the family? Are we the witnesses of a real and painful culture war? If we are, then in what stadium of the conflict? Can the culture war be ended in a peaceful way? Analysis on the culture-political events should give some initial answers to these questions.

ÇOK PARTİLİ SİSTEM KAVŞAĞINDA ANADOLU VE ANADOLU İNSANI: DÖNEMEÇTE ROMANI

Author(s): Ayhan Bulut / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Special/2016

After the Second World War, the totalitarian regimes have collapsed and paved the way for a multiparty system by giving it’s way to more democratic regimes which aggrandize the individual right and freedoms. The multiparty system gives important clues about the modernization adventure of a society because of embodying in itself a change and a transformation in political life. It is extremely easy to adapt to a multiparty system and the terms of this in a society without cultural, economical and political breakdowns. Otherwise, it is inevitable to be lived serious pains in the modernization process. Resisting by centrist, bureaucratic and distinguished staff who were transferred from Ottoman Empire to Turkey passed multiparty system in 1946 against polyphony discourses for keeping their own existence causes a painful transition process for Turkey for the multiparty system. Especially the cultural breakdown provoked the deepening of the painful process by causing intelligentsia postpone the sense of obligation and blowing the conflict of highbrows and public.

ERZURUM ŞEHRİ NÜFUSUNUN OSMANLI DEVLETİ DÖNEMİNDEKİ (XIX. ve XX YÜZYIL) TARİHSEL DEĞİŞİMİ

Author(s): Serap Kayserili / Language(s): Turkish Issue: Special/2016

As is known, there are not any sources available on the occasion of we can use definite statements about the change of Erzurum population with settlements that based on b.c.e 4000 in a plain at past. It is not possible to get a statistical data belongs to that years by the reason of dominated communities for centuries did not conduct the census or any tangible evidence does not existed even if they did. Notwithstanding, there could be obtained information about city population based upon the data by several itinerants and statesmen. After entered under Ottoman Empire’s rule, the records of city population became obtainable via either Cadastral Record Books or Dividend Books. Population data of Erzurum in Ottoman Empire period could be obtained especially in censuses conducted as from the nineteenth century. According to the results, determined that Erzurum population changed as a result of administrative changes and wars, and consequently showed various increasing and decreasing.

KAZAKİSTAN'DA ÇOK KÜLTÜRLÜ ORTAMDAKİ ULUSLARARASI İLETİŞİM ÖĞRENCİLERİ İÇİN ETNO KÜLTÜREL TEMELLİ EĞİTİM

Author(s): Gulnara Utyupova Eletaevna,Gulnara Tazhenova / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2016

Modern school of Kazakhstan - a different type of school, which educates the representatives of all ethnic groups living in the country. Personal development is impossible without a full-fledged relations between all members of the school community. The article discusses the issues of education and the problem of international communication in a multicultural educational environment. On the basis of analysis of current research there is given an evaluation of the possibilities of improving the teachers’ activity in the ethno-cultural education

LİDERLİK ve ATATÜRK

Author(s): Ali Nazmi Çora / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2016

When we look at the historical process, we see that the most suitable example for the leadership is M. Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Republic of Turkey (Mango, 2004, Cora, 2014). He has realized a fundamental transformation process in administrative, social, economic and cultural life by establishing a new state of an empire with all aspects (Ataturk, Nutuk 2016, Atay, F. R. 1966). He has all features of leadership, such as Constituting a Collective Vision, Sharing, Mental Stimulation, being Creative, Having a Charismatic Influence, Efficient Communication, High Motivation Skill, Being Representative of the Change, Emotional Endurance, Being Brave, Taking Risks, Empowerment (Authorization), Flexible Administration Understanding, Reliability, Having Self-Confidence, Valuing the Teamwork, Life Long Learning etc (Cora, 2014, Ozdemir, 2006, Gibson, F. 2016, Mango. A. 2009, Miller, M. and Lencioni P, 2013).

TÜRK SİYASAL HAYATINDA TÜRKÇÜLÜK FİKRİNİN GELİŞMESİNE YOL AÇAN ETKENLER

Author(s): Çağri D. Çolak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 29/2016

The aim of this study that mention the development of Turkism ideology in Turkish politic life is to give data about the historical background of Turkist ideology. In this regard the effects of Turcology studies in Europe, French Revolotion and the Turkish intelligentsia immigrants coming from Russia on Turkist ideology is analyzed. Finally, the relationship between the non-performed projects which aimed on Ottomanism and Pan- Islamism strands and carrying Turkism approach onto political platform is discussed.

QUEBEC MESELESİ

Author(s): Zeyyat Bandeoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

The Province of Quebec - where the majority of the population is French catholics- is a home to 25 percent population of Canada and has undertakend a number of importartant initiatives and endeavors with the aim of being an independent state. Therefore, the Quebec question has been an achilles heel of Canada’s territorial integrity and unity throughout the history. However, compared to other ethnic conflicts, the quebec question has not caused a great deal of violence and terror. Within this context, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the the Quebec question since its emergence.

TÜRK ÜLKÜSÜ

Author(s): Ali Nazmi Çora,Hakan Çora / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

Ülkü, carries the same meaning as the word of idealism in western languages. Ülkü (Idealism) is, as a nation, to imagine the most beautiful goals and achieve these goals and to work relentlessly with a great desire for this sacred goal. Turkish ideal is a thought of morality, spirituality, human sense and the highest level in the science and technology, justice, education and to have the world's advanced nations on human rights and economically developed, established modern agriculture and industry, society still to come in prosperity, to protect her national interests and sovereignty continuously by only her own power and is to be a to be a nation listened anywhere in the World. This ideal is freeing the all Turks from foreign rule, all becoming independent and eventually all being united and establishing the “Turkish Union”, to be superior to all nations and be advanced in all respects.

KAZAKİSTAN CUMHURİYETİ İLKOKULLARININ TARİHİ GELİŞİMİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Author(s): Yücel Gelişli,Lyazzat Beisenbaeva,Dossym KH. BAİDRAHMANOV / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 30/2016

The aim of this study is to investigate the development of elementary schools in the Republic of Kazakhstan as a historical process. This study, examining the development of elementary schools and education, is a qualitative educational research that adopts historical method. Data was collected through document analysis on journals, books and related written documents. In the study, it was found that madrasas and elementary schools, consistent with the school and belief system that emerged after the adoption of Islam, spread until the Russian invasion of Kazakhstan and Tsarist Russia aimed Russification of the region through invasion of Central Asia and settlement policies of Russian immigrants. It was specified that after October 1917 revolution, the Soviet Union disrupted the balance of population aimed Russification of Turkestan with the complete Russian dominance in the region through more strict education and language policies. Nationalization practices bringing Kazakh identity into the forefront emerged in Kazakhstan with the independence.

İŞLETMELERDE DEĞİŞİM YÖNETİMİNDE LİDERLİK

Author(s): Hakan Çora / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2016

Senior executives in large establishments had a humble object for themselves and their organizations: stability. Stockholders sought little more than foreseeable earnings progression. Because so many markets were either inaccessible or emergent, leaders could dispense on those expectancies through annual exercises that offered only humble adjustments to the strategic plan. Prices resided in check; people settled in their jobs; life was decent. Market pellucidity, workforce mobility, global capital drifts, and rapid communications have blown that relaxed scenario to smithereens. In most industries — and in almost all businesses, from behemoths on down — heightened worldwide competition has focused management’s collective mind on something that, in the past, it happily prevented: change. Successful businesses, as Harvard Business School professor Rosabeth Moss Kanter expressed in 1999, develop “a culture that just keeps moving all the time.” (strategybusiness. com 2016)