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Nedemokratické režimy podľa Juana J. Linza a štátny režim na Slovensku 1939 – 1945 v jeho typológii

Author(s): Zuzana Tokárová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 4/2015

This article focuses on the content analysis of the theoretical concept of non-democratic regimes by Juan J. Linz in his major publication Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes (2000) and its application to the regime of the Slovak Republic in the years 1939 – 1945. The aim of this paper is to define the character of regime in Slovakia and determine whether the regime of the first Slovak republic was directed more to the totalitarian or authoritarian type of the non-democracies. The main aim of work is reflected in the structure of the paper, divided into two chapters. The first one describes the principal characteristics of totalitarianism and authoritarianism and difference between them. The second one analyzes threebasicfeatures ofauthoritarianism – limited political pluralism, mentalities and political mobilization – and applies them toSlovak terms in 1939 – 1945. The application has shown there were features which are identical with characteristics of authoritarianism specified by Linz. Therefore, we cannot say the regime of the first Slovak Republic was totalitarian, but it was regime which tended to authoritarian type of non-democracies.

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Von Marburg nach Pittsburgh-2: Anschauung in der Struktur der Erfahrung

Author(s): Maja Soboleva / Language(s): German Issue: 35/2016

The paper focuses on the problem of constitution of our cognitive experience. Two approaches to this problem proposed by Ernst Cassirer and John McDowell are central for the analysis. Both authors use Immanuel Kant’s theory of cognition as a foundation for their own conceptions und they develop their independent interpretations of it according to the traditions they belong to. Although McDowell’s interpretation emerged within analytical philosophy, we can see similarity with Cassirer’s theory. Comparative studies of these theories will point out the convergences and divergences between them.

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FEMINIST RHETORIC IN BARACK OBAMA AND HILLARY CLINTON’S DISCOURSE

Author(s): Andreea Voina,Ada-Maria Ţîrlea / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2017

November 8, 2016, marked the beginning of a new era in the American political setting. The Obama era was known as a period of great opening, minority-friendly approach and liberal vision. Of the two candidates that were running for office in 2016, Hillary Clinton seemed to have the most similar approach to the now former president of the USA, Barack Obama;Clinton was framed as the de facto carrier and enforcer of Obama’s legacy. Feminist approaches are not gender-determined; Obama himself has made a mark as a feminist leader. Clinton ran for the highest office as a pioneer of women’s representation in politics. The aim of this paper is to discover the similarities between Obama’s discursive style and Hillary’s approach. Through critical discourse analysis, we launch this research in order to emphasize gender negotiations, in terms of both content and style.

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THE END OF POLITICS: DECONSTRUCTION, DECLINE AND ALTERNATIVE OF THE STATE

Author(s): Nikola Ilievski,Goran Ilik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The paper represents theoretical investigation into the phenomenon of decline of the state. It addresses three basic and mutually connected investigation areas, introduced in deconstruction of the state, decline of the state and alternative of the state. Primarily, theories of the origin of the state are exposed, where the state’s essence is located; its function – identified and the role it has been playing – observed. In following, the decline represented as a process of transfer – with the state as its main subject, is interpreted through different prisms, particularly the one of federalism, postmodernism, decentralization and libertarianism. The specific focus is laid on the process of decline of the state, following the libertarian theoretical framework. The process is determined by the decrease of the state’s functions, occurring in certain period of time. Accordingly, the process is analyzed and divided into four phases, each of them identified with a certain type of state, with an exception. Ultimately, the alternative of the state is emerging as last phase and final outcome of the process of decline of the state, while introducing a new era, the one of no politics.

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THE ILLUSORY APPEARANCE OF STATES SECURITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF NEUTRALITY STATUS

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THE ILLUSORY APPEARANCE OF STATES SECURITY THROUGH THE PRISM OF NEUTRALITY STATUS

Author(s): Grosu Ruslana / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The neutrality as a theoretical concept and status, which has found its applicability in times and geopolitical conjunctures, is an issue, susceptible to research both in scientific and analytical papers. Recognizing the complexity of the institution of neutrality, the researchers concerned of the subject deal with the issue of neutrality nowadays by arguing that the recourse to the declaration of neutrality status had an obvious political underpinning throughout history. It was shaped by the position of the declaring neutrality state, the interest of the actors who imposed it on certain forms of pressure, and the countries that were the guarantors of security, as well as the cause-effect relationship or the cost-benefit perspective. The distinct and complex character of scientific studies in the field of neutrality is due to a solid foundation on the way of research of the concept of neutrality. The geopolitical realities have generated transformations, which have repercussions on status of neutrality and policies of neutral states, an impact manifested by discrepancies and interpretations of legal norms. For some countries, the status of neutrality has not been clearly defined and legitimized in official documents. Some scientific papers on the case study of some EU Member States have confirmed the irrelevance of this status and its compatibility with some regional and international cooperation projects. The essence of this practice has been strengthened by conclusions based on the provisions of the rules of the international law Some of the historical, legal, geopolitical or other forms of reasoning have prompted some European states to declare their neutrality in the twentieth century and have lost their topicality.

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THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A REFORMING POWER IN THE WESTERN BALKANS: THE CASE OF ALBANIA

Author(s): Klodiana Beshku,Orjana Mullisi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

This paper tries to further elaborate one of the most important external powers of the European Union: Its “reforming power” which goes in parallel with its ability as “normative actor” in the Western Balkans. Through Albania as a case study, it tries to argue that the process of Albania’s integration to EU has transformed the country in several directions: by introducing a deep juridical reform and by the full alignment of its foreign policy with CFSP and the “regional cooperation”. In fact, under the auspices of the EU integration, the country is making all the efforts to deliver on one of the most transformative reforms undertaken in the region, that of the justice system. This gives to EU the features of a “reforming power”. The term shows EU as a driving force which makes countries undertake deep reforms they would not have differently realized, if not under the conditionality for the EU integration.

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GEOPOLITICAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND BRZEZINSKI’S READINGS OF THE UKRAINIAN CRISIS

Author(s): Srđan Orlandić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

From November 2013 to the present day the Ukrainian crisis generated the most severe conflict in Europe since the 1990s, while current skirmishes in the eastern part of the country and recent new developments have the potential to further tighten the crisis. Notwithstanding the internal elements of the ongoing crisis, this paper will be focused on the analysis of its external - geopolitical – dimension. By acquiring conceptual framework from Zbigniew Brzezinski’s writings on geopolitics, this article will analyze the Ukrainian crisis in terms of strategic, economic and ideological interests of the Russian Federation.

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INVOKING THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT: THE DEROGATION OF ITS PRINCIPLES AND IMPLEMENTATION

Author(s): Bama Andika Putra,Abdul Razaq Cangara / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

The principle of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) was unanimously endorsed in principle during the UN World Summit 2005. The principle reaffirms the state's responsibility in protecting its citizens, as well as proclaims the International responsibility to citizens. The World Summit emphasizes the importance of citizens to be protected from large-scale humanitarian crisis such as genocide, war crimes, Crimes against Humanity, and ethnic cleansing. Responsibilities to provide such protections will shift from the hands of state actors to the International community if states cannot provide the provision of the outlined protections. Since the implementation, invocations of the R2P have been rare and not implemented in cases that fulfill the criteria of the R2P principle. Such issues have led to the derogation of its principles and implementation, marked with a number of primary cases that are related to the R2P, including: (1) lack of clarity in regards to the criteria of “Crimes against Humanity”, (2) prevalence of political interests that occur in the application of the “Just Cause” criteria, and (3) misinterpretation of the Responsibility to Protect. The major cases have proven disastrous, as the issue of not invoking the R2P principle, or the misapplication of the principle, have led to the humanitarian crisis felt by millions of innocent civilians located all over the globe, which urgently required external assistance and protection at that time.

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THE BATTLE FOR REGIONAL DOMINANCE BETWEEN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA AND

Author(s): Valeri Modebadze / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This article describes the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia for achieving regional hegemony in the Middle East. Both states have an ambition to be the leader of the Islamic world and there is a constant struggle between them to dominate Middle East and spread their influence in neighboring countries. Both countries fund militant Islamic movements abroad and are engaged in fierce battle for regional dominance. After the establishment of theocratic regime in Iran, the kingdom of Saudi Arabia vehemently opposed Teheran’s ambitions to export revolutions and increase its influence in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia is determined to counter the Iranian revolutionary threat and constantly opposes Teheran’s ambitions to dominate the Arab World. Saudi Arabia and Iran often accuse each other of fueling sectarian violence by backing Shia and Sunni militias in Iraq, Yemen, Syria and Lebanon. Both countries try to avoid direct confrontation with each other. Instead of direct conflict, both sides fight each other indirectly and provide varying degrees of support to different camps in nearby conflicts.

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THE MASS MEDIA AND VIOLENT CONFLICTS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Author(s): Collins G. Adeyanju / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

Mass media have been a critical weapon of warfare since the cold war, and even more recently, the powerful intrusion of the new media: transformed the landscape in terms of reach and influence. Its role can be both constructive and deconstructive. The Rwanda genocide, armed violence in Nigeria and Kenya, and Balkan wars has questioned its roles, powers and ethical responsibilities in violent conflict circumstances. In these cases the mass media played a poisonous role. Although establishing a causal relationship between mass media and framing of opinion, emotion and beliefs that steams violent conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa is neither linear nor clear. However, this paper underscores mass media’s compelling influence on how perception in fragile armed conflict environment of Africa is developed. It is not only used as an effective propaganda machine for promoting regime defense, building resistant movement, but also transforming the political actor’s parochial interest into people’s interest.

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THE UNITED NATIONS LEADERSHIP ROLE IN SOLVING THE WESTERN SAHARA CONFLICT: PROGRESS OR DELAYS FOR PEACE?

Author(s): Yasmine Hasnaoui / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This paper evaluates the United Nations’ (UN) involvement and efforts in Western Sahara, and assesses its perceived effectiveness in settling this conflict in the post-Cold War international order. The dispute in Western Sahara is the most protracted conflict in the history of the UN. Its settlement would provide a crucial platform for the progress of other unresolved conflicts under UN auspices. As a mediator and an intervening party, the UN has played a major role in the dispute, especially since the establishment of the UN Mission for Western Sahara, MINURSO. After outlining the history of the Western Sahara conflict, this paper elucidates the stages the UN has managed therein, and clarifies the reasons and motives behind the deadlock in the Sahara. The UN’s efforts are evaluated, and the negotiating perspectives of the concerned parties in the conflict and role of Algeria, which considers itself not formally part of the conflict despite its role in preserving the current impasse, analyzed.

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TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE: LUSTRATION AND VETTING IN UKRAINE AND GEORGIA

Author(s): Gabriella Gricius / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Many of the world's conflicts today are self-sustaining and ongoing, making the application of transitional justice measures difficult. Particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, namely Georgia and Ukraine, both of which have experienced regime changes in the twenty-first century and implemented lustration and vetting measures - the question of whether or not transitional justice will be successfully utilized is very much still under debate. My research explores the relationship between lustration and vetting policies and corruption in Ukraine and Georgia. Past studies of corruption in these countries have focused the extent of state exploitation of the forms through which corruption is expressed such as political appointments, and protection from prosecution. This research, by contrast, aims to study the relationship that corruption has with the particular transitional justice measure of lustration and vetting.

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JOURNALISTIC ETHICS DURING THE 2019 ROMANIAN PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN. A METHODOLOGY PROPOSAL

Author(s): Sînziana Maria Jurău / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The article presents a methodological proposal for the study of journalistic ethics during the 2019 Romanian presidential campaign. In order to do so, the article discusses the most relevant ethical provisions, enshrined in the Ethical Code, that were adopted in 2009 by the majority of the Romanian media outlets. The methodological challenges are presented and assessed, along with potential solutions that could mitigate the risks of errors of the assessment.

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POPULISTS ON SOCIAL MEDIA A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN RIGHT-WING PARTIES, MOVEMENTS AND NEWS SITES ON FACEBOOK

Author(s): Rémi Almodt / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The new media have shaped the public sphere in several ways. Not only online did political discourse and political marketing change in form and content, but also the places and the ways of communication have changed. One channel, that experienced the most drastic and dynamic changes is the online environment. Social networking sites have combined a multitude of functions and offer users an interactive experience, to get access to all kinds of information, including public sphere, political sphere and traditional media. In the context of recent election results and political events in different European countries, this work tries to examine the way social media is used by right-wing populists in order to promote political ideas and values. Therefore, a data set of around 16,000 Facebook posts from Germany, Austria, France and the United Kingdom were analyzed and compared, in order to present. It furthermore examines the form and type of content used, in order to determine, whether right-wing populists in Europe share a similar agenda, similar strategies and a common narrative, when it comes to topics.

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BEING A JOURNALIST IN THE COMMUNIST PRESS OF THE '60s IN ROMANIA. THE ACTIVITY OF ION BRAD FOR SCÂNTEIA TINERETULUI (1960-1962)

Author(s): Mihai Cistelican / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

Author Ion Brad lived most of his life under the Communist regime, starting his career when the Communist system was founded in Romania and retiring in 1989, when the totalitarian system was abolished. This present study aims at analyzing the articles which author and journalist Ion Brad had published for one of the most prominent newspapers during the Communist regime in Romania, in the '60s, Scânteia tineretului. Directed especially at young people but not only, the newspaper reveals the various practices of the Communist state to impose on the collective minds. We have chosen this particular publication and this period of time in Ion Brad's activity because this is when, in our opinion, he did the most intense work in the political journalism. As an author, he wrote hundreds of articles and tens of books in the cultural field. This study can also be helpful for further research on the political issues approached in Scânteia tineretului or even on economic issues, in which one can analyze the reports about the construction of various towns in Romania under the Communist regime.

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DIASPORA AND IDENTITY IN THE DIGITAL AGE: CULTURAL COMMUNITIES AND THE NATION

Author(s): Vandana Pednekar-Magal / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The following article is based on a keynote speech on Diaspora and Identity in the digital age. Cultural Communities and the Nation delivered at Media Culture Days at the College of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, on May 17, 2019

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MEDIA REPRESENTATION OF THE PROTESTS AGAINST THE G20 2017 SUMMIT. AN ANALYSIS OF THE GERMAN MEDIA

Author(s): Anna Theobaldt / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

In 2017 Germany has had the presidency of the G20 and organised the annual summit between the 7th to the 8th of July. The chosen location for this event was Hamburg, and it was disputed because of the high difficulties to secure the city accordingly to the security requirements. Police from all around Germany were positioned in Hamburg for the days of the summit to protect the city from the rioters. The first protests that took place were rather peaceful and without major crimes, however starting with the „Welcome to Hell“ demonstration on Thursday, the 6th of July, rioters began throwing glass bottles, burning down cars and aggressing the police. But this is only one side of the truth. Peaceful protestors were also aggressed by the police . In this article we intend to analyse if the ethical reporting standards were respected by the German media, in their coverage of the G20 summit protests.

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TRAJEKTORE TË SKAJIMIT TË ROMËVE GJATË PERIUDHËS SË QEVERISJES SË MBRETIT ZOG DHE REGJIMIT NAZI FASHIST

Author(s): Ervin Kaçiu / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1/2022

This article discusses the social position of Roma people within two regimes of Albanian modernity, the government of King Zog and the Nazi-fascist order. Based on archival documents and the literature produced by ethnographers, travelers, local and foreign historians, the main point of this article is to analyze the policies implemented toward Roma by various ideological regimes that in this period of Albanian modernity aimed at the modernization of this minority as well as of that of the whole society. The state policies of these regimes are different in approach and mechanisms used in the implementation. However, the final result they produce is the systematic exclusion of Roma minority.

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The Impact of Public Governance on Fiscal Pressure in Selected Emerging Countries

Author(s): Petre Brezeanu,Cristina Simona CĂPĂȚÎNĂ,Raluca Andreea GHEȚU / Language(s): English Issue: 04-05/2023

The purpose of our article is to assess the effect of diverse indicators pertaining to government quality and risk on fiscal pressure. The analysis focuses on 14 emerging countries in the European Union from 2002 to 2020. The results reveal that public governance indicators account for 51 percent of the variance in fiscal pressure, with the quality of regulations, corruption, and rule of law indicators having the most significant impact. This empirical study addresses an essential concern for policymakers, specifically the quality of public governance and its subsequent influence on fiscal pressure, with direct repercussions on the lives of citizens.

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The Influence of the Position of Political Parties in the District Council on the Election of the Staroste. Evidences from Poland

Author(s): Kamil Glinka,Michał Klonowski,Maciej Onasz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2025

Despite the growing number of studies devoted to the intricacies of the functioning of local government units in Poland (communes, districts and provinces), it is difficult to point to a scientific study that focuses on districts and the influence of the position of political parties operating at the level of legislature on the election of the staroste as the chairman of the executive. The paper is intended to fill this urgent research gap. The conducted research based on the use of methods and techniques – mainly comparative analysis and statistical analysis – as well as the nationwide data leads to the conclusion that the position of the staroste party (in the district) is weaker than the position of the president party (in the commune) and the marshal party (in the province). In other words, the leading parties operating in districts have the weakest position among the leading parties in all types of local government units included in the study.

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