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The Embassies in the Slovak Republic and Their Heads as of February 2010
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There are known several approaches and procedures to the portfolio selection process. The question is which of the portfolio selection processes provides the best results involving the real data. We have examined three different procedures of stock portfolio selection and the resulting portfolios were tested with real data starting with the first trading day in 2010 until 28th April 2010.
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In the 1970’s capital markets started to change. A lot of new financial products emerged; one of them was also ETFs. Generally, we can say that ETFs are investment funds that are traded in Stock Exchanges. ETFs have, because of the Stock Exchange trading, several market applications including short sale. The aim of this proceeding is ETFs analysis and focus on the kind of ETFs that are used in short sale predominantly.
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The concept of public diplomacy is one of the trending approaches in modern international relations and diplomacy. Communicating and engaging effectively with the foreign public in a particular nation by a government to achieve its foreign policy objective is every government’s goal. The field of public diplomacy as an academic discipline in Ghana in particular and Africa has not received much attention compared to the Western World. This article attempts to bridge this gap by opening Ghana’s public diplomacy to academic scrutiny that has, as yet, been underdeveloped. This paper’s principal objective is to bring to light the public diplomacy instruments used by the indefatigable first president of Ghana, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, to propagate his pan-Africanism foreign policy in the 1960s against capitalism and communism after Ghana’s independence. It also looks briefly at Nkrumah’s general foreign policy agenda through the lens of public diplomacy. Methodologically, it uses content analysis of documents to explore how Nkrumah adopted the public diplomacy tactics during his presidency to sell his foreign policy. The article explores the topic under the theoretical framework of Golan’s Integrated Public Diplomacy model. It concludes that public diplomacy under Kwame Nkrumah should be the foundation and ignite its incorporation into Ghana’s tertiary education and current foreign policy strategies.
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The world is shifting the paradigm of resolving conflicts. The countries are actively participating in resolving the issue and conflict prevailing globally. The platform of UN is considered among the main medium to resolve conflicts internationally. This article is in depth overview of past, present and future perspective of one of the long-existing conflicts of the world. The Palestine conflict is a matter of serious concern for East and West. There is a critical point arises that the Palestine-Israel conflict is a “three-fold test” for the world peace. The conflict till present has gone through many shifts from war to UN resolutions. This conflict is a question mark on the conflict resolution ability of UN. This article argues the test capacity of UN to bring both Palestine and Israel to an accord. The UN’s handling of the matter would have consequences for the organizations standing in the world.
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Major breaks in history have been experienced as a result of great disasters, wars and epidemics. Humanity, who experienced two great world wars in the 20th century, has faced with the Covid-19 epidemic that emerged in Wuhan, China and spread to the whole world in a short time. Transnational organizations established to prevent wars, improve diplomacy between countries and find solutions to global problems together have been inadequate to solve the crises that broke out in the world today, as in the past. As a result, trust in international organizations has been deeply damaged.The Covid-19 outbreak, which was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, can be defined as a new enemy for states. The virus, which affected the whole world and spread rapidly regardless of race, language, religion, gender, rich and poor, affected all social life. In addition, in the international system, especially globalization, nation-state, country borders, international institutions, freedom-security dilemma, health, neo-liberal policies and social security concepts have been discussed again.Although it is an exaggerated point of view that the pandemic is seen as a factor that will transform the international system alone, it has enabled all the problems caused by the neo-capitalist order to emerge even more. States tried to protect their citizens by withdrawing to their own borders against the pandemic that could not be solved on a global scale. Countries such as the USA, China, Germany, Russia and the UK have managed to develop a vaccine against the virus in a short period of one year. However, there is a ruthless and unfair competition between countries, even regarding the vaccine which is the most fundamental right of humanity.In this study, the struggle of countries against the new enemy pandemic and the effect of the pandemic on the international order in the world where a great historical break occurred with the epidemic disease was examined.
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Joseph Nye defines "smart power" as the most efficient use of soft and hard power. While hard power uses pressure and intimidation tools, the soft power aims to influence the decisions of the interlocutors thorough soft power means by "winning heart". As public diplomacy is a tool in which soft power is manifested, such a diplomacy becomes more meaningful especially in times of disaster. Greece's assistance to Turkey in the 1999 earthquake has gone down in history as one of the most well-known examples in Turkish foreign policy and has been regarded as a milestone for the melting of the ice in Turkish-Greek relations. The Covid-19 outbreak, which started in China in the last months of 2019, and was seen in countries such as Iran and Italy in the first months of 2020, captured even the most developed countries in surprise. During this pandemic, an explosion of demand for masks, gloves and other hygiene items to combat the disaster. Due to the globalization of the disaster, the advantages of globalization that were accumulated for years have been replaced by a nationalist supply race. In this process, disaster diplomacy has gained importance as a public diplomacy that includes the materials aid required for the epidemic against nationalism. There is no doubt that traditional and pessimistic news on the internet have a great impact on this importance. While the mask race has become inevitable even within national borders, disaster relief of states to other nations has been seen as an effective method of winning heart. However, one aspect of these aids that is unique to Covid-19 is that contrary to what is expected, it includes not only developing African and Asian countries, but also global powers such as the United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy and China. This study deals with the ways in which Covid-19 aid is used as a public diplomacy tool. However, while this disaster diplomacy aims to win the hearts of the helped party, it is also effective in creating the goal of development and being a great state in the domestic public opinion. This study reports the national and international media and think tanks, news and other broadcasts using Turkey's soft power tool, especially its public diplomacy as applied in the first period of the epidemic demonstrates the disaster diplomacy. National publications subject of domestic public opinion reflects the direction of international publications with pictures that Turkey wants to build outside the "heart gain" will exhibit their purpose.
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President Joe Biden recognized atrocities committed against Armenians as the Armenian Genocide in his statement on Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day (24 April 2021). The statement represents a watershed moment in US-Turkey relations. President Tayyip Erdogan can address US and international concerns prior to the Biden-Erdogan summit on the margin of June’s NATO meeting, or he can double down and intensify repression against Turkey’s ethnic and religious minorities. Erdogan’s course will define international relations prior to the centennial of the founding of the Turkish republic in 2023.
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This paper provides a preliminary analysis on how Chinese leaders perceive the United States during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. The author borrows the concepts of strategic culture provided by Andrew Scobell (2014). Scobell asserts that “two faces of strategic culture” affect Chinese leader images and perceptions. The first face of strategic culture is concerned with a country’s self-image – the perceptions and realities of its dominant strategic traditions and how these interact and produce outcomes. The second face of strategic culture involves the image of other countries. Scobell argues that Chinese leaders tend to view their strategic tradition as the “Great Wall” strand of strategic culture, and therefore it shows “active defense” in nature. Chinese leaders tend to describe other states as more focused on aggressive and disreputable intentions in relation to China. This author uses pattern-matching research methodology and compares the theoretical pattern and the observed pattern. The data were collected from Chinese leaders’ speeches and government websites. The author codes and analyzes the data based on the conception model. Based on the empirical findings, this author confirms two strategic culture faces during the pandemic that affect Chinese leaders’ images. The result shows that Chinese leaders tend to have negative images towards the United States.
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South Pacific also known as Oceania is a relatively isolated and remote region and is a home of small island countries apart from two metropolitan powers scattered amidst a vast oceanic area. Yet, the region is not bereft of great power rivalry and both conventional and non-conventional security threats. South Pacific is also a witness to internal turmoils like political upheavals, nuclear tests, resource theft and depletion, environmental challenges, and many other issues. Interestingly, the regional security challenges have been entwined with the intervention of great powers which has given rise to a complex and cluttered geopolitical environment in the South Pacific. This paper seeks to discuss, the geopolitics of the South Pacific region in the context of regional vulnerabilities and international relations that has resulted in a quagmire of political, domestic, economic, ethno-geographic, diplomatic, and environmental issues.
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Asia-Pacific is one of the most important regions in world politics and the 21st century is widely regarded as the Asian century since America’s global leadership is being directly challenged for the first time upon the collapse of the Soviet Union. While the states such as the USA, China, Japan and Russia take an active role in the power struggle in this region, India also closely monitors the recent developments, as well as several European countries, which attach importance to Asia-Pacific relations.
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The Indo-Pacific, which refers the maritime space stretching from the Indian Ocean to the Western Pacific, surrounding Asia and Eastern Africa, is a relatively new geopolitical concept (re)coined by Indian Captain Dr. Gurpreet Singh Khurana in 2007, attributing to the growing intimacy between India and Japan.1Viewed geopolitically, while the geographical location has a determining power over state policies, it is parallelly seen the political interests shape the perception of geography. In this context, all regions are constructs and they are generally defined by states in line with their own purposes. On the basis of such this geopolitical perspective, the Indo-Pacific concept implies the extended AsiaPacific region across the Indian Ocean in favour of primarily India, the United States and Japan in the face of China’s rise.
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It is located on a strategic crossroads as a middle sea in Europe, Asia and Africa, on the Mediterranean name. This intersection is expressed by many disciplines with different important definitions. This region is a geographic transition point. It is a sea that facilitates trade economically. It is a set of countries with complete political turmoil, governed by politically different regimes. In terms of religion, it is a sea that has a coast to the regions that are the source of Christianity, Islam and Judaism. This region is racially among the lands that include Latins, Slavs, Arabs, Turks, Jews, Greeks, French and Italians. To the north is Europe, where the European peoples converge at the point of European unity, and to the south, the north African nations consisting of Arabs. With a middle sea that opens to the Atlantic Ocean with the Strait of Gibraltar, opens to the Indian Ocean with the Suez Canal, the less salty Black Sea is reached through the Dardanelles, Marmara Sea and Istanbul Strait through the Aegean Sea. Thus, this sea, which is the middle center of the world connected with huge oceans, creates an interesting situation.
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Turkey, which is a medium-sized power in world politics, has been confronted with many regional and global problems over the past 40 years. Faced with numerous chaotic issues in its foreign affairs, Turkey’s main policy, strategic plannings, areas of action or political attitudes have inevitably been disrupted. This has created difficulties for Turkey in structuring its global and regional policies and has revealed the need to reconsider its foreign policy.
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Sustainable development (SB) was defined by Brundtland Commission of the United Nations in 1987.1 Based on SB mentality the term “green economy”appeared in a report titled as ‘Blueprint for a Green Economy’ prepared by Pearce, Markandya and Barbier in 1989.2 This report translated into even Turkish. Subsequently, interest in green economy has spread worldwidely
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The European experience of PPP in scientific, technical and innovative spheres is analyzed. It is determined that the role of the state is to promote the development of fundamental knowledge and complex technologies of strategic nature, creating infrastructure and a favorable climate for innovation, and business - in creating technologies based on their own research and market development of innovations. It is proposed to introduce a regime of international public-private partnership to intensify cooperation between Ukraine and Poland in the scientific, technical and innovation spheres. The components of the regime of international public-private partnership are considered. It is determined that the regime of international public-private partnership will allow to establish participation between international financial institutions, public authorities, higher education institutions / research institutions and business in joint financing of projects in scientific, technical and innovative activities of Ukraine and Poland.
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The aim of this paper is to analyze the development of the relations between the European Union and China in the context of the profound transformative processes in the international system. Despite the indisputable mutual interest in expanding cooperation, the Sino-European relations face a number of problems and challenges. Some of them stem from value differences, some are related to processes within both the EU and China; other are related to the dynamic processes within the system of international relations. The success of the OBOR initiative is impossible without a certain level of cooperation between China and the EU economy. The idea of connecting Asia Pacific’s markets with the European ones has the potential to influence the dynamics of EU – China trade relations as well as the regional and global geopolitical and geo-economic environment. It is thus important to study the extent to which the European Union will demonstrate continuity in its policy towards China after the 2019 European Parliament elections.
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