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Filozofija i tehnika - dva različita svjetonazora u spoznaji životnog svijeta

Author(s): Marijan Krivak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2003

Philosophy and technology have always been interconnected in the framework of life-world. While in ancient Greece, philosophia (as love towards wisdom) and techne (as a technique of making either artistic or handy artefacts) were close by their world-views, this interconnection was getting lost through the history of mankind. Nowadays, in the age of developed communicative and other technologies, the philosophy represents still the traditional way of knowing and interpreting world (best example is in hermeneutics), whereas technology represents knowledge and identity according towards a purely pragmatic foundation of spreading quick and easily accessible information. Philosophy still wants to find a place for 'humanism'. Technology is concerned with functioning and performability of a system. Philosophy - just as a theoretical basis of the tradition of what was best in the history of mankind and with help of sophisticated new technologies - should, nowadays, be a technique of 'good (and more humane) living'.

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O pojmu hrvatske filozofije

Author(s): Ljudevit Fran Ježić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/141/2016

Im Aufsatz wird von Neuem versucht, zu verdeutlichen, warum der Begriff der kroatischen Philosophie zwar umstritten sein mag, in welchem Sinn er das jedoch nicht ist. Er kann nämlich nicht rein philosophisch begründet werden, weil es für die Philosophie unwesentlich ist, welchem Volk oder Nation jemand angehört, und allein wesentlich ist, dass und wie er philosophiert. Deshalb sind Begriffe wie französiche oder deutsche Philosophie in gleichem Masse umstritten wie der Begriff der kroatischen Philosophie. Aufgrund der Unterscheidung zwischen den Ebenen der wissenschaftlichen Beschäftigung mit dem philosophischen Erbe – die mit der Arbeit der antiken Biographen, Doxographen, Ausleger der philosophischen Systeme (αἱρέσεις) und Verfasser der Geschichte der philosophischen Lehrer-Schüler-Linien (διαδοχαί) zu vergleichen ist – auf der einen Seite, und dem Philosophieren selbst auf der anderen Seite, können wir unseren Begriffen von „nationalen Philosophien“ eine angemessene Stellung innerhalb der kulturgeschichtlichen Studien zuweisen, zu denen auch die nationalen Literatur- oder Kunstgeschichte gehört. Endlich wird vom Gesichtspunkt der vielschichtigen und vielsprachigen kroatischen Kultur klar, warum die kroatischen Philosophen in lateinischer Sprache, sowie die neueren philosophischen Autoren in kroatischer Sprache, dem Begriff der kroatischen Philosophie oder (nach dem damals üblichen humanistichen Gebrauch) „philosophiae Illyricae“ angehören.

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Problem troleja i vrijednost intuicija kao dokaza

Author(s): Linda Maraš Krapić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 01/141/2016

In this article, I will discuss a moral dilemma known as the “trolley problem”, developed for the purpose of finding an answer to whether the idea of saving five people by sacrificing one innocent person can be justified. Is it possible that current research in neuroscience can shape our moral preferences? Can this view be justified outside the utilitarian theoretical conception? Considering the role of intuitive moral judgement in the context of this issue, we can say that intuitions can be thought of as being regulatory principles for achieving a coherence between deliberative moral judgements and general principles, i.e. reflective equilibrium, even though they cannot serve as empirical evidence in science. I conclude this essay with a basic idea that there is no moral justification for killing an innocent human being.

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Podrijetlo vrijednosti: Machiavelli versus Kant (i obratno)

Author(s): Ivan Milenković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2016

Već na prvoj stranici svog remek-djela o Nietzscheu Gilles Deleuze ubada Kanta tamo gdje se čini da je ovaj najtvrđi: Kant ≫nije proveo istinsku kritiku, jer problem nije znao postaviti u terminima vrijednosti≪. Drugim riječima, Kant nije postavio pitanje vrijednosti samih vrijednosti.

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Antropotehnika i filozofski smijeh

Author(s): Željko Senković,Darija Prahin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1-2/2016

Da bismo govorili o ≫kraju povijesti≪ potrebno je biti u hegelijanskoj dispoziciji, primjerice razrađenoj od Alexandrea Kojevea. Teorija kraja povijesti ima u sebi mnogo toga sugestivnog, kakve su već sve megalomanske teme. U osno vi, riječ je o tezi da su moderna društva došla na takvu razinu da više ne ma bitnih inovacija, nego je još samo moguće perfektuiranje u za danim gabaritima.

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Ernst Bloch i Walter Benjamin

Author(s): Arno Münster / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2016

Na prvi se pogled čini da su intelektualne, literarne i filozofske biografije Waltera Benjamina i Ernsta Blocha obilježene velikim brojem zajedničkih točaka. Podrijetlom iz obiteljske i kulturne sredine snažno obilježene asimilacijom, što svoj vrhunac dostiže u Njemačkoj, početkom 20. stoljeća, intelektualno formirani tradicijama njemačkog sveučilišta, na kojemu, između 1890. i 1914., vladaju [neo]kantovstvo1 i vitalistička filozofija, privučeni mistično-revolucionarno-utopijskim strujama što se iz Rusije Dostojevskog šire prema središnjoj Europi; privučeni njemačkim romantizmom isto koliko i židovskom mistikom; fascinirani projektom nove estetike, elaborira ne u obzorju jedne filozofije povijesti, obojica, prošavši kroz pred-marksističku fazu, ko ja kod Ernsta Blocha završava 1918./1919. godine, a kod Waltera Benjamina 1924. godine5, evoluiraju u smjeru marksizma.

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Slavojaus Žižeko absoliuti atatranka, arba egzistencija tarp pertekliaus ir stokos

Author(s): Valdas Bertašavičius / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 10/2015

Review of: Slavoj Žižek, Absolute Recoil: Towards a New Foundation of Dialectical Materialism, Verso Books, 448 p.

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Filozofija religije u sistemu slobode

Author(s): Branko Despot / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 07/1996

Svi nesporazumi na razini filozofijske "interpretacije", recepcije, sljedbeništva, pa onda i kritike "Hegela", a ne samo filozofijski, nego i prije svega i puko politički nesporazumi oko "Hegela", imaju svoje pravo porijeklo u filozofiji religije. Nije slučajno da se neposredno "Hegelova škola", kako je David Friedrich Straus to označio, u nespretnoj jednoj usporedbi, raspala na lijevo, desno i na centar - ali s obzirom na pitanja koja pogađaju filozofiju religije. Iz toga onda i radikalna kritika, s najpoznatijim stavom da je "kritika religije pretpostavka sve kritike". Takova jednostavna riječ točno signalizira duhovnu situaciju u kojoj se kreće čitav odnos spram Hegela i samo je vanjski znak, ne samo tzv. sloma "Nj. klas. id.", nego i početka kraja i nizbrdice filozofije u XIX i XX stoljeću.

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Adorno: elementi intelektualne biografije

Author(s): Hans-Günther Holl / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 06/1983

Historijski razvoj interesovanja za Adomovo djelo, gotovo zaboravljeno u Njemačkoj nekoliko godina poslije smrti autora Negativne dijalektike, svjedoči pouzdano o važnosti te filozofije — po suštini protivnoj »integraciji« a osuđenoj na »izolovanost« — od oduševljenog ali površnog pristajanja koje je najprije doživjela.

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Filozofski i teološki aspekti samoubojstva

Author(s): Ivan Bubalo / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/1994

Die Geschichte der philosophisch-theologischen Reflexion uber die Selbsttotung ist im Grunde durch die Argumente bestimmt, die die moralische Zulassigkeit solcher Tat bestreiten. In ihrer Mannigfaltigkeit lassen sie sich in drei Argumentationsmodelle einordnen: das individualethische, das sozialethische und das theonome. Was die Beweiskraft betrifft, zeigt eine sorgfaltigere Analyse der zwei ersteren Argumente, das sie nicht zureichen, das Verbot der Selbsttotung eindeutig zu begrunden. Deswegen gelten sie allgemein als unzulanglich. Das theonome Argument fuhrt sich im Wesentlichen auf folgendes zuruck: Als der Schopfer des menschlichen Lebens, ist Gott sein eigentlicher Herr und Eigentumer, so das dem Menschen nur das Recht der Benutzung gehort. Wer also sich selbst das Leben nimmt, verfugt uber das Leben so, als ob er dessen Herr ware und so usurpiert er das Recht, das ihm nicht zukommt. In diesem Kontext wird das Verbot der Selbsttotung allgemein als deontologische Norm betrachtet. In der neueren theologischen Literatur trifft man dagegen kritische Diskussionen mit dem Versuch auch dieses Problem teleologisch zu losen, womit das Verbot wenigstens teilweise relativiert wird. Es scheint am Ende, das die Selbsttotung eine Grenzhandlung des Menschen ist, die sich in ihrer Komplexitat dem Blick entzieht, der den Kern der Entscheidung fur eine solche Tat und ihr letztes Geheimnis erreichen, und eine ganz eindeutige Beurteilung ermoglichen wurde.

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Lietuviškoji Ikikritinio Kanto Recepcija – Argumentum Ex Eodem Argumento

Author(s): Laurynas Adomaitis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 83/2015

The article provides an additional argument for the hypothesis that the Lithuanian priest of piars Kazimieras Narbutas (1738–1807) was the first known critic of the pre-critical Immanuel Kant in Eastern Europe. Taking part in the discussion between Stepas Tunaitis and Dalius Viliūnas on the meaning of „Cantzius“ in Narbutas’s lectures, the article argues that the referent is likely to be Immanuel Kant . First, in the relevant part of the lectures, Narbutas not only employs the Leibnizian-Wolffian notion of substance, but also uses the same argument that Leibniz directed against occasionalists of his time. This type of argument might have been known to Narbutas through Wolff. Second, the very form of the argument suggests that the object of Narbutas’s criticism should have had occasionalist views. Such views can be found in Kant’s Principiorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio (1755) 13th proposition. Hence, this aspect of Kantian philosophy best explains the context and mode of Narbutas’s criticism.

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Res Admirabilae: Lietuviškoji Ikikritinės I. Kanto Filosofijos Recepcija

Author(s): Dalius Viliūnas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 61/2009

This article attempts to give arguments for the hypothesis that the Lithuanian priest of piars Kazimieras Narbutas (1738–1807) was the philosopher, who had the honour of being the first in the East, and maybe the whole Europe, to receive and criticize the pre-critical thinking of Immanuel Kant. In 1765, in his course of philosophy at the Collegium of piars in Dąbrowicy, Narbutas criticized the concept of substance suggested by „metaphysician Cantzius“. A person named as „Cantzius“ could have been either Immanuel Kant, or theologian Gottlieb Israel Canz. Objecting to the position of S. Tunaitis, two arguments are developed in my article: the person, who was referred to by Narbutas, couldn’t have been Canz, since the latter was a representative of the theological Wolffianism. This philosophical position is close to that of Narbutas himself. Narbutas’ concept of the essence of the substance is the same as that of School of Wolff. Canz couldn’t have delivered the concept of substance which were opposite to that of School of Wolff. The second argument states, that the principle propositions (and their consequentials) of Kant provided in his work of 1755 Principorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio could be attributed to the position of „metaphysician Cantzius“ on the substance, attributes and the goals of God, which had been questioned by Narbutas. This parallel provides us with an opportunity to state, that Narbutas directly or indirectly had been acquainted with the above mentioned work of Kant and that the person, referred to in the text of Narbutas, is nobody but Kant, who has been dealing with metaphysical matters at that time.

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Res Admirabilae: Lietuviđkoji Ikikritinës I. Kanto Filosofijos Recepcija

Author(s): Dalius Viliūnas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 60/2009

This article argues that the Lithuanian priest, Kazimieras Narbutas (1738-1807), was the philosopher who had the honour of being the first in East, and maybe in the whole Europe, to receive and criticize the pre-critical thinking of Immanuel Kant. In 1765, in his course of philosophy at the Collegium of piars in Dàbrowicy, Narbutas criticizes the concept of substance suggested by “metaphysician Cantzius”. A person named “Cantzius” could have been Immanuel Kant, or the theologian Gottlieb Israel Canz. Objecting to the position of Steponas Tunaitis, two arguments are developed in this article: the person, who was referred to by Narbutas, could not have been Canz, since the latter was a representative of the theologian Christian Wolff. This philosophical position is close to that of Narbutas himself, his concept of the essence of the substance is the same as that of School of Wolff. Canz could not have presented a concept of substance that was opposite to the School of Wolff. The second argument is that the principal propositions (and their consequentials) of Kant provided in his work of 1755 Principorum primorum cognitionis metaphysicae nova dilucidatio could be attributed to the positions of the “metaphysician Cantzius” on the substance, the attributes and the goals of God, which had been questioned by Narbutas. This parallel provides us with an opportunity to state, that Narbutas directly or indirectly has been acquainted with the above mentioned work of Kant and that the person, referred to in the text of Narbutas, is nobody but Kant, who had been dealing with metaphysical matters at that time.

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Migjeni, shkrimtar aq i diskutuar

Author(s): Klara Kodra / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2015

In this article we arrive to the conclusion that Migjeni is a writer of centre in Albanian literature and he has an European value; that there were some excesses in his sociologic interpretation and also in psychoanalytic one; that his Nietzscheanism is reduced to anticlericalism and the cult of strong person, but the empathy of writer for “small man” doesn’t leave him to ignore “the crowd of slaves” that Nitzche poses to his Superman, nor to accept his inhuman aspect which is interweaved with superhuman in the concept of German Philosopher. White two so-called Nietzschean poems offer different ideas: the satirisation of a dictator to “The superman forms” (Trajtat e mbinjeriut) and the aspiration for a leader who has come out from the people breast, who isn’t against him to “To be born the man” (Të lindet njeriu”; Migjenis’s work stays between the optimism and pessimism: the first social and ethical that expresses trust to the man and progress, the second existential and relative, which is connected with the smallness and inability of the man against the universe and its lows; that writer belongs to literary current of realism, but of a special realism, grafted with elements of some modernist currents like expressionism and symbolism.

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Problem običajnosti u Hegelovoj filozofiji

Author(s): Marinko V. Lolić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19-20/2002

The subject of these investigations is a consideration of the problem of the “morality” in a context in the first part of the thesis, analyzing the restitution of an Aristotelian understanding of morality in the light of one of modern subjectivity. In the second part of the work, the author considers the main motives and reasons of a gradual change of accent in the comprehension of the problem of morality. This change of accent is affected by different mental and political contexts. The goal of the filmmaker is a trial of one of the important categories of modern practical philosophy in a time of thorough crisis of political thought.

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Естетична міфологія в творчості раннього Ф. Ніцше

Author(s): Valentina A. Mitina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

In the article studied metaphysician of the early stage of work Friedrich Nietsche, on exemple of treatise "The birth of Tragedy out of the spirit of music". The author in his studied based on the main ideas – aestheticism, mythologism, dichotomies Dionysian and Apollonian grounds in classical Athenian tragedy.

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WITTGENSTEIN AND PROGRESS

Author(s): Katsiaryna CHURUKANAVA / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2024

In this article, I consider the concept of progress and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s attitude towards it. The difficulty we face when attempting to unambiguously define and even understand such a phenomenon as progress gives rise to some confusion in our perceptions and analysis. Moreover, this difficulty may distort our understanding of certain philosophers’ thoughts on progress. Given that Wittgenstein lived during a time of remarkable scientific discoveries, but also of tragic historical events, examining his thoughts on progress seems both intriguing and fruitful. The aim of this article is not to identify any specific stance that Wittgenstein articulated with regard to progress, but rather to attempt to demonstrate that today many of his ideas can be effectively utilised to better understand progress and its role.

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A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF JÜRGEN HABERMAS' CONCEPTION OF LABOUR IN HIS EARLY WRITINGS

Author(s): Alex-Flavius DEACONU / Language(s): English Issue: 54/2024

This paper revisits Jürgen Habermas’s early conceptualization of labor, emphasizing its framing as instrumental action. While recognizing that Habermas’s instrumental model—centered on efficiency and control over nature—captures a vital dimension of labor, the analysis argues that it overlooks labor’s full emancipatory potential. To address this limitation, the paper proposes supplementing the instrumental model with communicative action, emphasizing the interplay between labor's technical and moral-social dimensions. By integrating these complementary perspectives, the paper advances a more comprehensive understanding of labor’s role in human emancipation.

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Dvi Nietzschės prigimties sąvokos interpretacijos: C. Alamariu ir V. Lemm

Author(s): Jokūbas Andrijauskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 106/2024

Nietzsche criticises religious interpretations of nature (Natur) and advocates the ‘naturalisation of humanity’. The various usages of the term ‘nature’ (Natur) have no clear, systematic definition in Nietzsche’s works, which is why the interpretations of this concept in Nietzsche’s studies are controversial. Two opposing perspectives emerge: Vanessa Lemm interprets nature as a Dionysian chaos which promotes an emancipatory rejection of the prevailing ideas, while Costin Alamariu sees it as an aristocratic phusis that fosters higher human types. This article argues that these seemingly contradictory views are compatible. Nietzsche uses the concept of nature as chaos to criticize anthropocentric views, while presenting the possibility of an understanding of nature detached from the human perspective. This paper analyses and criticizes Lemm’s illustration of this concept through sex differences. Finally, it is argued that Alamariu’s interpretation is in line with Nietzsche’s later positive ethico-political aspirations, often ignored in Nietzschean scholarship, concerning the development of higher human types.

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KNOWING DASEIN’S BEING-A-WHOLE THROUGH HEIDEGGER’S PHILOSOPHY OF DEATH AND ITS SARTRE’S CRITIQUE

Author(s): Muhammad Ateeq / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Heidegger uses the term Dasein to refer to the ontological structure of man who exists as a being immersed in various modes of life situations, therefore how Dasein gets its individuality and unity is the central question of his thought. For Heidegger, the question of unity and individuality of Dasein is directly related to knowing Dasein’s ‘being-a-whole’. He inquires that Dasein as a ‘being-in-the-world’ always engages in a continuous determination of its own-self and never reaches its wholeness. ‘Not yet’ and ‘yet to come ‘is the permanent state of the ontological structure of Dasein. So, knowing Dasein’s ‘being-a-whole’ is a problem. As death breaks all of the possibilities of Dasein, we can say that at the moment of death, Dasein reaches its ‘wholeness’. But the problem that Heidegger raises is that when Dasein gets ‘wholeness’ in the moment of death, it loses its ‘being-in-the- world’. Therefore, it cannot grasp its ‘wholeness’. He is of the view that although death as an end of life cannot be experienced by Dasein, Dasein due to its continuous feelings of a ‘not yet’ and ‘yet to come’ experiences that the moment ‘now’ is finite and its being is being- towards-the-end. As being-towards-the-end, Dasein anticipates death. This anticipation of death provides unity and wholeness to Dasien. Sartre regards this approach as mistaken. For Sartre, what truly represents being of man is that for which man is responsible. Man is not responsible for his death. He is responsible for his act of free determination. It truly represents man’s ‘beings-a- whole’. This paper focuses on an understanding of man as unity or ‘being-a- whole’ through Heidegger’s apprehension of ‘death’ and Sartre’s response. This paper highlights how the difference between Heidegger’s and Sartre’s understanding of death discloses their diversified approaches of understanding of unity and individuality of ‘being-in-the-world’.

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