Динамика значения концептов справедливость и закон в современной России

Author(s): Mikhail Labashchuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 145/2014

This article investigates a relation between two social categories: personality and socjety exemplified by the concepts of справедливость (“justice”) and закон (“law”). In contrary to traditional theories, society, as an abstract and constructivist category, is conceived as part of personality. Also social and personal moral are examined as being contrasted to each other. Over the last twenty years, Russia suffers from a deformation of moral values resulting in elimination of a spiritual element in Russian society. On the other hand, the development of civic society in Russia leads to important changes that have a positive social impact. One of the changes is a reduction of the model of traditional opposition between the state and the community.

Natura uprzedzeń religijnych

Author(s): Olga Nadskakuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 125/2009

The changes, which occurred in Central and Eastern Europe after 1989, revealed domestic problems in each country and contributed to an outburst of antagonisms between neighbouring countries. Such countries are particularly exposed to various confl icts, what in consequence strengthens prejudice and mutual aversion.Firstly, the terminology needs to be specifi ed: there is a fundamental difference between a stereotype and a prejudice. According to Ida Kucz, stereotypes are characterised by rationality, intellectual elegance, and veiled hostility whereas a superstition classified associally more dangerous and may easily switch to an act of and overt hostility and hatred. Both prejudice and superstitions are the consequence of a natural need to distinguish between“us” and “the others”.One of the attributes which determines perceiving the others is religion. As the research show, there is interdependence between the level of religiosity and less tolerance towards others. Religion often fuels ethnic prejudice in an inter-group confl ict. It happens so when national identity is connected with religiosity.Doing the research on deep-rooted and fi xed Russian and Polish mutual prejudice one should pay special attention to cultural distinction of both nations. It emerges form Polish adherence to the Latin culture and Russian adherence to the Byzantine culture. Polish and Russian history, full of disagreements and wars, led to preservation of aversions and hostility. Confl icts were very often supported by the argument of defeating the „truthful faith”. The Romanticism defi nitely strengthened mutual prejudice since religion, as a spiritual foundation of culture and identity, was perceived as a main historic force and a value in itself.When it comes to contemporary Polish-Russian relations, one must agree that their interpretation in the historical context does not make the removal of prejudice easier.

ИНТЕГРАЦИЯТА НА ПОЛУЧИЛИТЕ ЗАКРИЛА В БЪЛГАРИЯ ГРАЖДАНИ ОТ ТРЕТИ СТРАНИ – НОРМАТИВНА РАМКА, НАЦИОНАЛНИ ПРАКТИКИ И МЕСТНИ ПОЛИТИКИ

Author(s): Lydia Staikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2014

The article presents the current regulations, circumstances, practices and policies with regard to integration of citizens of third countries who have been granted asylum in Bulgaria. First it presents the newly adopted National integration strategy 2014-2020. Then it explores several aspects of social inclusion – identity, accommodation, social benefits, work and education. Finally, it focuses on the implications for the region of Haskovo.

ДЪЛГИЯТ ПЪТ НА ПРАВНАТА УРЕДБА ОТ НОЩТА (НА ДЪРЖАВНОТО ВСЕВЛАСТИЕ) КЪМ ДЕНЯ (НА ПРАВОТАТА ДЪРЖАВА)

Author(s): Svetla Dimitrova-Kovacheva ,Georgi D. Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

We adhere to the paradigm of “rule of law” and the concept of “good governance”, in particular, according to which public institutions not only act within the lawful limits but first and foremost protect the rights and interests of citizens in accordance to the law. Assuming Bulgaria is a society in transition we want to test empirically the extent to which it has broken away from the communist system, in which the state dominates over people. This empirical test has been carried out through a normative analysis of the articles and catches of two Bulgarian laws – the "State Administration Act" and "Civil Service Act"(literary “State Service Act”, in Bulgarian). The paper presents our major findings, which confirm the hypothesis that these two laws do not provide for a systemic social regulation because it would render a systemic social change. Such a qualitative change has not been pursued because the strong power of the centralized state has been endorsed to reform the Bulgarian society in an authoritative way. The half-way social changes, reflected in our normative acts, serve not the public interest but the ad hoc political task of transition.

“We are fortress Europe!” Nativism and religion in the ideology of Pegida in the context of the European crisis

Author(s): Mihai Murariu / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2017

This article deals with the movement known as “Patriotic Europeans against the Islamisation of the Occident,” or Pegida, focusing primarily on the nativist dimension which often takes centre stage in its ideological discourse. Pegida describes itself as a defender of Western Civilization and of its Christian legacy from what it sees as the perils of Islamisation on the one hand, and of globalist political elites on the other. In the context of the political changes and rise of alternative visions of civil society, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, Pegida should arguably be seen as a representative of a growing European nativist wave. Lastly, the article looks at the “Prague Declaration,” a document which was signed in 2016 by Pegida and a number of allied movements from outside of Germany.

Unveiling the “veil debate” in the Greek press

Author(s): Chara Karagiannopoulou / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2017

This article traces and analyses the narrative of the “veil debate” in France and Turkey as constructed by two Greek newspapers: the liberal Kathimerini and the leftist Avgi. It aims, firstly, to bring out the interconnection between the political ideological orientation of each of these newspapers and the narrative that they adopt, and secondly, to shed light on how the peculiarities of the socio-political context intersect with the narrator’s interests and preferences in the process of building the framework for public discussion in Greece. It concludes that the Greek narration of the “veil debate” in France and Turkey runs along normative lines (irrespective of the newspaper’s ideological affiliation), challenges the validity of Westphalian values, reflects the interdependence between socio-political contexts, and takes into consideration the supranational discourse of Greek foreign policy.

Gouvernance de la religion et liberté de conscience

Author(s): Claire Aguilon / Language(s): French Issue: 20/2017

The influence of religion on the freedom of conscience cannot be defined in simple terms. Religion is often conceived as limiting the freedom of conscience. However, from the perspective of the philosophy of religion it is necessary to underline the significance of the adoption of democracy as a principle of government. The limitation of the freedom of conscience by religion could be explained, on an anthropological level, by the identity function realized by religion. Nevertheless, religion can exist without being accepted by all. Beyond the evidence of a possible coexistence of religion and political pluralism, religion inherently implies the recognition of the freedom of conscience. The respect for the freedom of conscience results from the human condition itself. Religion makes it possible to transcend one’s cultural identity. In return, the freedom of conscience is based on a faith in the equal value of the conscience of every human being. The latter is recognized not only as the means but also as one of the purposes of political power. Religion and the freedom of conscience seem to derive from common foundations. The legal recognition of the freedom of conscience has a concomitant impact on religion by the regulation of its exercise.

Ochrona danych osobowych w związkach wyznaniowych w świetle unijnego rozporządzenia nr 2016/679

Author(s): Michał Hucał / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2017

The issue of protection of personal data in religious communities will be subject of a significant change due to (EU) Regulation No. 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. The new EU regulation introduces an important mechanism that forces churches to develop an internal data protection law and an independent supervisory authority. In practice this means strengthening the constitutional right to privacy in the largest churches based on their internal institutions, but also involves a risk of subjecting many smaller religious communities to public scrutiny. Many doubts regarding Article 91 presented by Polish commentators specializing in the protection of personal data show how important this issue and the preparation of changes are for religious communities.

Orzecznictwo austriackiego Sądu Najwyższego w sprawie reprezentacji wyznaniowych osób prawnych Kościoła Katolickiego

Author(s): Marek Strzała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2017

The Austrian Supreme Court, in a similar way to the Polish Supreme Court, states that canon law rules governing church property are relevant in the field of acts of legal entities of the Catholic Church. Hence, the views and arguments presented in its judgements in cases concerning the management of ecclesiastical property are also important for Polish legal practice. Between 1959 and 2013 a number of judgements were issued. There were a variety of cases, starting from the sale of the immovable property, through leasing it, and ending with the sale of fishery rights and contract of employment. In relation to those events a number of relevant legal views were stated by the Austrian Supreme Court. It considered the meaning of the term “alienation” (in the strict and broad sense), the obligation of a judge to examine canon law requirements for managing ecclesiastical property, the relevance of the particular canon law, the possibility of giving consent required by canon law per facta concludentia and scope of proxy authorization to manage church property. The question of treating the lease as an alienation in terms of the Code of Canon Law has also been raised. The case-law deals with many problems associated with the application of canon law in practice and provides a number of arguments to the parties in possible court proceedings.

Noszenie chusty islamskiej w miejscu pracy a prawa i wolności innych podmiotów prawa. Rozważania na kanwie wyroków Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej z dnia 14 marca 2017 r. w sprawach: Samira Achbita przeciwko G4S Secure Solutions (C-157/15

Author(s): Michał Ożóg / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2017

The aim of this article is to present an analysis of the EU Court of Justice’s rulings of March 17th 2017, in the Samira Achbita vs. G4S Secure Solutions case (C–157/15) and the Asma Bougnaoui vs. Micropole case (C–188/15), in the context of the exercise of the freedom of thought, conscience and religion in situations involving contact with other entities. The problem of wearing a headscarf is presented with reference to the client’s freedom of belief and the company’s policy of religious and ideological neutrality. The article provides a critical view of the ruling due to the court’s failing to take into account the specific character of the freedom to express one’s religious beliefs. Special attention was paid to the question of religion, as one of grounds of discrimination being prohibited by Directive 2000/78/EC, as well as to the expression of religious, ideological or philosophical beliefs, and the problem of proselytism in the workplace.

XIV Ogólnopolskie Sympozjum Prawa Wyznaniowego pt. Prawo wyznaniowe formalne połączone ze Zjazdem Katedr, Zakładów i Wykładowców Prawa Wyznaniowego, Zielona Góra – Kęszyca Leśna, 8-10 maja 2017 r.

Author(s): Tadeusz Stanisławski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2017

Konferencja z okazji obchodów 500-lecia Reformacji pt. Kościół Ewangelicko-Augsburski w relacjach z Państwem – aspekty ustrojowe i prawne, Kraków, 9 października 2017 r.

Author(s): Michał Ożóg,Marek Strzała,Maciej Mikuła,Zdzisław Zarzycki,Katarzyna Krzysztofek-Strzała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2017

Ka pozitivnim praksama 4: Izvještavanje medija u 2016. godini o LGBTI temama u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Lejla Huremović,Masha Durkalić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2017

Analiza predstavlja pregled praćenja izvještavanja o LGBTI temama u medijima u Bosni i Hercegovini, koju šestu godinu zaredom objavljuje Sarajevski otvoreni centar. Analizom se prati nivo doprinosa medija u borbi protiv diskriminacije i povećanja vidljivosti LGBTI osoba u bosanskohercegovačkom medijskom prostoru. U 2016. godini praćeno je izvještavanje 93 medija: elektronskih (radio – 10 i televizija – 24), štampanih (dnevne novine, sedmični i dvosedmični magazini – 35) te online medija (news portali i portali štampanih medija – 24). Ukupno, u svim medijima objavljeno je 1299 tekstova/priloga, i to u štampi – 546 tekstova, na televiziji – 87 priloga i u online medijima – 666. Dnevne novine koje su najviše izvještavale o LGBTI temama bile su Oslobođenje – 86, od televizijskih stanica Federalna televizija – 27, a od online portala Klix.ba – 118. Kada govorimo o izvještavanju iz regije, najveći broj objava je bio za vrijeme održavanja parada ponosa u Hrvatskoj (Zagreb, Split), Crnoj Gori (Podgorica) i Srbiji (Beograd), zatim su se prenosile vijesti vezane za praćenje korištenja Zakona o životnom partnerstvu u Hrvatskoj, o lezbejskom paru koji je tužio Hrvatsku za diskriminaciju, te o trenutnoj političkoj klimi koja sve više ide udesno te utiče i na prava LGBTI osoba u Hrvatskoj. Izvještavalo se o Međunarodnom danu borbe protiv homofobije i transfobije, o performansu održanom povodom Međunarodnog coming out dana, o širenju govora mržnje prema manjinskim grupama, o usvojenim izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije, napadu koji se desio u Art kinu Kriterion u martu, Izvještaju o stanju prava LGBTI osoba u BiH koji je izdala Institucija ombudsmena u BiH, o predsjedniku Studentskog parlamenta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, Harisu Zahiragiću i njegovim različitim homofobnim izjavama, o napadu u LGBT klubu u SAD-u, u Orlandu, te različitim filmovima, predstavama i pjevačima_cama i pjesmama koje tematiziraju LGBTI osobe. Nastavljen je trend da vijesti nerijetko ne odgovaraju opremi članka (fotografije, naslovi/nadnaslovi), i tendencija nekih medija koji imaju urednički negativan stav da korektne agencijske vijesti opremaju negativnim (senzacionalističkim) naslovima. U online medijima još uvijek je primjetan najveći broj agencijskih vijesti, po principu copy-paste, te zbog toga i dalje postoji nesrazmjer između pozitivnih i negativnih objava. Važno je naglasiti da je ipak mali broj negativnih tekstova, u usporedbi sa ukupnim brojem objava u online medijima. Nakon drastičnog pada koji se desio 2014. godine u izvještavanju u informativnim emisijama televizijskih stanica, analiza je pokazala da se počeo povećavati broj objava, ali da je taj broj još uvijek mali. Informativne emisije na televiziji bi trebale više samoinicijativno da se bave temama vezanim za prava LGBTI osoba te da podižu svijest o problemima sa kojim se one susreću. Imajući u vidu da najčešće izvještavaju za vrijeme parada ponosa ili pak kada se desi fizičko nasilje nad LGBTI osobama, smatramo da još uvijek ne shvataju važnost kontinuiranog izvještavanja i svoj doprinos u suzbijanju nasilja i podizanju svijesti o problemima LGBTI osoba u svakodnevnom životu. Iako iz godine u godinu raste broj objava u medijima, još uvijek postoji jako mali broj novinara i novinarki koji imaju istraživački pristup koji bi rezultirao kvalitetnijim prilozima/člancima. Budući da smo u 2016. godini počele pratiti i medijske objave vezane za interspolne osobe, važno nam je naglasiti da su mediji polako počeli izvještavati i o interspolnim osobama, nevidljivosti i problemima na koje one nailaze. Za sada su uglavnom u pitanju prenošenja saopštenja za javnost ili izvještavanja sa događaja koje je organizovao Sarajevski otvoreni centar, ali se nadamo da će se novinari_ke u 2017. godini baviti više i pitanjem prava interspolnih osoba. Pozdravljamo činjenicu da mediji prate i izvještavaju o aktivnostima organizacija civilnog društva koje se bave pravima LGBTI osoba. I ovom analizom je potvrđena hipoteza da je veća vidljivost aktivističkih organizacija, aktivista_kinja i LGBTI osoba preduslov veće vidljivosti LGBTI tema u medijima, čime se dodatno potcrtava važnost novinarske odgovornosti, etike i profesionalnosti, jer bi izvještavanje trebalo da afirmiše građansku hrabrost ovih javnih istupanja.

Rozi izvještaj 2018. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba u bosni i hercegovini

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Liam Isić,Jozo Blažević,Lejla Huremović,Darko Pandurević,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2018

Tokom protekle tri godine došlo je do određenih unapređenja pravnog okvira za zaštitu ljudskih prava i osiguranje ravnopravnosti LGBTI osoba. Međutim, istraživanje potreba i problema u LGBTI zajednici u BiH provedeno 2017. godine pokazalo je da su govor mržnje, diskriminacija i nasilje nad LGBTI zajednicom i dalje široko prisutni u bh. društvu. LGBTI osobe često nisu u mogućnosti voditi uobičajen život niti realizirati neke od osnovnih životnih i društveno-kulturnih potreba (npr. biti otvoreni o svom ljubavnom odnosu, izražavati svoj rod i sl.), dok strah od nasilja, diskriminacije i/ili odbačenosti nerijetko rezultira i ekstremnijim oblicima samoizolacije, izbjegavanja određenih kulturnih i društvenih aktivnosti, izražavanja svjetonazora i sl. Praćenjem diskriminacije i nasilja transrodne osobe su se izdvojile kao posebno ranjiva grupa tokom 2017. godine, te je čak i medijsko izvještavanje, inače neutralno, bilo senzacionalističko i usmjereno samo na proces prilagodbe spola, umjesto na transfobno okruženje i posljedice života u takvom okruženju za transrodne osobe u BiH. Negativan trend rasta broja slučajeva nasilja u porodici i međuvršnjačkog nasilja na osnovu SORISK-a nastavio se i u 2017. godini, a i dalje izostaje konkretan institucionalni plan za suzbijanje međuvršnjačkog nasilja i razvijanje inkluzivne i tolerantne obrazovne sredine, koja bi uključivala i LGBTI perspektivu. Najviše zabrinjava trend ograničavanja slobode okupljanja LGBTI osoba raznim administrativnim preprekama na lokalnom i kantonalnom nivou, koji bi, ukoliko se dugoročno nastavi, mogao ozbiljno narušiti i suziti prostor za rad organizacija civilnog društva koje se bave zaštitom prava LGBTI osoba, te LGBTI aktivista_kinja. Svi evidentirani trendovi rasta nasilja i diskriminacije, te ograničavanja sloboda i prava LGBTI osoba praćeni su, nažalost, sporadičnim djelovanjem većine institucija nadležnih za zaštitu i promociju ljudskih prava, uključujući i prava LGBTI osoba. To je prostor koji pogoduje stvaranju klime u kojoj je navodna sigurnost, koju cijene razni društveni akteri koji ne bi trebali, niti smiju odlučivati o pravima i slobodama, bitnija od zaštite prava i sloboda, te jednakog tretmana LGBTI osoba. Nedostatak sistematičnog, brzog i adekvatnog odgovora institucija može dalje narušiti već nizak stepen povjerenja LGBTI osoba u institucije, pogotovo one koje se nalaze na prvoj liniji odbrane od kršenja ljudskih prava, a to su policija i pravosuđe, kao i lokalne institucije zadužene za pružanje servisa i LGBTI građanima_kama.

2018 Pink Report - Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI Persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Vladana Vasić,Emina Bošnjak,Darko Pandurević,Liam Isić,Jozo Blažević,Lejla Huremović / Language(s): English Issue: */2018

The legislative framework for protecting the human rights of LGBTI persons and ensuring their equality has improved somewhat in the past three years. However, our research on the needs and problems of the LGBTI community in BiH conducted in 2017 has shown that hate speech, discrimination and violence against the LGBTI community are still a widespread occurrence. LGBTI persons are often unable to lead a normal life or meet basic human, social or cultural needs (e.g. be open about their romantic relationships, express their gender, etc.). The fear of violence, discrimination and/or exclusion frequently results in extreme self-isolation and reluctance to engage in certain cultural or social activities, express one’s views, etc. The results of monitoring discrimination and violence throughout 2017 show that transgender persons are particularly vulnerable. Even media reporting, which is usually neutral, took a sensationalist tone and focused exclusively on the sex-reassignment process, instead of the transphobic environment and its effects on the life of transgender persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The negative trend of growing domestic violence and peer violence on the grounds of SOGISC continued in 2017. There is still no concrete, institutional plan to combat peer violence and develop an inclusive, tolerant learning environment that incorporates the LGBTI perspective. Restricting freedom of assembly of LGBTI persons through administrative obstacles on the local and cantonal level is the most alarming trend. If it continues, this trend could seriously jeopardise and limit the work of LGBTI activists and civil society organisations that work on protecting the rights of LGBTI persons. Unfortunately, the growing violence, discrimination and restriction of the rights and freedoms of LGBTI persons elicited only sporadic responses from most institutions in charge of protecting and promoting human rights, including the rights of LGBTI persons. This creates a climate in which alleged security issues, assessed by various social actors who should not and cannot make decisions impacting people’s rights and freedoms, take precedence over protecting the rights and freedoms of LGBTI persons and ensuring equal treatment. The lack of a systematic, quick and adequate response from the authorities may further undermine the faith of LGBTI persons in the institutions, especially those most responsible for protecting human rights: the police and judiciary, as well as local institutions in charge of providing services to LGBTI citizens.

2017 Pink Report - Annual Report on the State of Human Rights of LGBTI People in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Vladana Vasić,Inela Hadžić,Darko Pandurević / Language(s): English Issue: */2017

The years 2016 and 2017 brought about significant changes in the context of the number of violations of LGBTI human rights documented by Sarajevo Open Centre. The number of cases of discrimination and violence on the ground of sexual orientation documented by Sarajevo Open Centre did not decrease, neither did the number of LGBTI persons who contacted Sarajevo Open Centre in search of assistance in asylum seeking, changing the sex marker in documents, adequate psychological support or help in obtaining documents required for marriage/same-sex partnership in countries which allow it. Of particular concern is the increase of domestic violence and peer violence motivated by sexual orientation or gender identity, and the growing number of open and public instances of homophobic and transphobic views in the academic institutions and the academia as a whole. It is clear that, in addition to amendments to laws and public policies, it is necessary for the institutions in BiH to develop specific programmes and measures of action to combat intolerance, xenophobia, violence, and discrimination and to encourage social inclusion of LGBTI people. The improvement of the legal framework in BiH – the amendments to the Anti-Discrimination Law and introduction of sex characteristics as a protected ground, the amendments to the Criminal Code of FBIH and regulation of hate crime – is certainly commendable but these legal novelties should however be introduced into the mandatory training of civil servants, the judiciary and the police. The general public should also be informed about them to contribute to their implementation and the achievement of their purpose. The first step in that regard has already been made in the Gender Action Plan operational plans of entity governments and the Council of Ministers, but this type of action with regard to LGBTI human rights must continue and become more comprehensive. The Special Report on LGBTI Rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina produced by the Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH is the first of its kind and certainly serves as basis for the change of attitude towards LGBTI human rights in BiH. In its analysis of the situation and recommendations, the report departs from the practice of healing the consequences and takes a proactive approach to the improvement of human rights of LGBTI citizens in BiH with the overall goal to improve the conditions of their everyday life in BiH and to respect their human dignity.

Rozi izvještaj 2017. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Vladana Vasić,Inela Hadžić,Darko Pandurević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2017

Dvijehiljadešesnaesta i početak 2017. godine u odnosu na svoje prethodnice ne donose značajne promjene u kontekstu broja slučajeva kršenja ljudskih prava LGBTI osoba koje Sarajevski otvoreni centar dokumentuje. Broj slučajeva diskriminacije i nasilja na osnovu seksualne orijentacije koju je Sarajevski otvoreni centar dokumentovao nije se smanjio, kao ni broj LGBTI osoba koje su kontaktirale Sarajevski otvoreni centar u potrazi za pomoći pri traženju azila, promjeni oznake spola u dokumentima, adekvatnoj psihološkoj podršci ili pri vađenju dokumenata koji su potrebni da bi se sklopio brak/ istospolno partnerstvo u državama u kojima je to moguće. Posebno zabrinjava porast nasilja u porodici i međuvršnjačkog nasilja motivisanog seksualnom orijentacijom ili rodnim identitetom, te sve češće otvoreno i javno izražavanje homofobnih i transfobnih stavova unutar akademskih institucija i akademske zajednice. Jasno je da je pored izmjena zakona i javnih politika, neophodno da institucije u BiH razviju konkretne programe i mjere djelovanja u cilju suzbijanja netolerancije, ksenofobije, nasilja i diskriminacije, a poticanja društvene inkluzije LGBTI osoba. Svakako je za pohvalu unapređenje zakonskog okvira u BiH kroz izmjene i dopune Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije i uvođenje spolnih karakteristika kao zaštićenog osnova, izmjene i dopune Krivičnog zakona FBiH i regulaciju krivičnih djela počinjenih iz mržnje, ali neophodno je ove zakonske novitete uvesti u obaveznu edukaciju državnih službenika_ca, predstavnika_ca pravosuđa i policije, kao i o njima informisati javnost da bi se doprinijelo njihovoj boljoj primjeni i ostvarenju njihove svrhe. Prvi korak u tom smjeru svakako je napravljen kroz operativne planove entitetskih vlada i Vijeća Ministara za provedbu Gender akcionog plana, ali ovakav vid djelovanja mora se nastaviti, te biti sveobuhvatniji kada su u pitanju ljudska prava LGBTI osoba. Specijalni izvještaj o pravima LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini Institucije ombudsmena za ljudska prava BiH kao prvi izvještaj ove vrste svakako je osnov za promjenu odnosa prema ljudskim pravima LGBTI osoba u BiH. Izvještaj u analizi stanja i svojim preporukama donosi otklon od saniranja posljedica ka principu proaktivnog unapređenja ljudskih prava LGBTI građana_ki u BiH u cilju poboljšanja uslova za njihov svakodnevni život u BiH i poštivanje njihovog ljudskog dostojanstva.

Pink Report 2016: Annual report on the state of human rights of LGBTI People in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Saša Gavrić,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): English Issue: */2016

2015 has not been a year of great progress in terms of LGBTI people’s (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex) human rights, compared to 2014: the number of cases of discrimination and violence on the grounds of sexual orientation documented by the Sarajevo Open Centre has not gone down – it has actually gone up. The number of LGBTI individuals who contacted Sarajevo Open Centre looking for help in seeking asylum, changing the gender category in official documents and looking for adequate psychological support (which is particularly important for trans* individuals who are going through transition – gender-reassignment), or because they need documentation to be able to enter into marriage/same-sex partnership in states which recognize this, has also gone up, which implies that there have been no structural changes that have significantly improved the quality of life of LGBTI individuals and their inclusion in the BiH society. The media reporting in 2015 shows insufficient progress – mostly in the form of an increase in the number of articles that present LGBTI people and topics neutrally. A particularly worrying trend is inadequate processing of the attacks on LGBTI individuals, mostly in cases where they exercise their right to public assembly: the case of Merlinka in 2014 and the attack on the visitors of the Art Kriterion Cinema. While the police and the legal system have made barely any progress in their protection of LGBTI people’s rights, despite a three-years long cooperation with the Sarajevo Open Centre, spring of 2015 has indicated a new approach by the legislative and executive branch at state and entity levels; a shift towards working on improving the legal and policy frameworks for protection of LGBTI people’s rights. In May 2015 the State Parliament held the first special session on the state of LGBTI people’s human rights in BiH, and formed three concise conclusions. However, the initial enthusiasm experienced by the LGBTI activists deflated, because almost a year later the conclusions have yet to be implemented and achieved. This act, nevertheless, opened the door for further cooperation between the Civil Society representatives who work on LGBTI people’s rights and the Parliamentary Committees for Human Rights and Gender Equality. In December 2015, authorities made another pioneering move: the Government of Republika Srpska passed their Annual Plan for Implementation of the Gender Action Plan (GAP) for 2016, which also contains specific measures for protection of LGBTI people’s rights. The government of FBiH followed soon after in March of 2016. This is the first time that the governments in Bosnia and Herzegovina are including LGBTI people’s rights in their action plans. It remains to be seen how these measures will be implemented, but our hopes are high, especially because of the evolving partnership between the Sarajevo Open Centre and the institutional mechanisms for gender equality. In December 2015 the Council of Ministers BiH confirmed the draft proposal of the Law on Changes and Amendments of the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination, which includes amendments submitted by the Sarajevo Open Centre that would ensure better protection from discrimination for all LGBTI individuals. The Law should enter legislative procedure in 2016.

Rozi izvještaj. Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2014. godini

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Saša Gavrić,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: */2014

Objavljivanjem već četvrtu godinu zaredom Rozog izvještaja, godišnjeg izvještaja o stanju ljudskih prava LGBT osoba u Bosni i Hercegovini, Sarajevski otvoreni centar nastavlja sa svojim intenzivnim zagovaračkim radom u oblasti prava LGBT osoba. Rozi izvještaj je ujedno i jedini izvještaj u BiH ekskluzivno posvećen pravima LGBT osoba. Događaji i pojave koje su obilježile 2014. godinu s obzirom na prava LGBT osoba mogu se sažeti u sljedeće: - Politička stagnacija, uzrokovana predizbornom kampanjom, postizbornim pregovorima i političkom nestabilnošću, dovela je do toga da od proljeća pa do kraja 2014. godine nije bilo moguće pokretati bilo kakve relevantne zagovaračke inicijative, naročito kada govorimo o izmjeni zakonodavstva i usvajanju strateških dokumenata; - Predizborna kampanja, politički programi stranaka te procesi u parlamentima i vladama pokazali su da su prava LGBT osoba politički irelevantna. Nijedna stranka ovo pitanje nije prepoznala kao relevantan problem, te nisu ponudili nikakva rješenja. Na sjednicama vlada i parlamenata do sada se nikad nije diskutovalo o pravima LGBT osoba; - Federacija BiH, i pored toga što su u Parlamentu bile dvije inicijative, nije bila u stanju da izmijeni Krivični zakon FBiH i da u njega ugradi odredbe koje se odnose na krivična djela počinjena iz mržnje te govor mržnje; - Nisu usvojeni strateški dokumenti koji bi prepoznali stanje prava LGBT osoba te ponudili rješenja i mjere za unapređenje prava LGBT osoba. Institucija ombudsmena nije prihvatila da izradi specijalni izvještaj o stanju prava LGBT osoba, a o drugim državnim strateškim dokumentima, kakva bi bila strategija za suzbijanje diskriminacije ili strategija za unapređenja prava LGBT osoba, nikada se nije ni diskutovalo; - Aktivizam za prava LGBT osoba doživio je procvat. Pored toga što su postojeće inicijative / organizacije (npr. Q Sport ili Udruženje Okvir) intenzivirale svoj rad, stvoreni su i novi aktivistički nukleusi. Banjalučko udruženje kvir aktivista_kinja registrovalo se tokom 2014. godine, te je realiziralo različite kampanje i događaje. U Mostaru je u proceduri registracija udruženja LibertaMo, a u Tuzli djeluje neformalna inicijativa TANKA; - Nasilje nad LGBT osobama se, u odnosu na 2013. godinu, povećalo. LGBT osobe, ali i LGBT aktivisti_kinje postali_e su meta sve učestalijih napada. Ipak, tokom 2014. godine donesene su i dvije presude koje potvrđuju kršenja prava LGBT osoba. Između ostalog, odlukom Ustavnog suda BiH potvrđeno je da je pravo na javno okupljanje LGBT osoba bilo onemogućeno u slučaju Queer Sarajevo Festivala. Ovo je prva odluka jednog ustavnog suda u vezi sa pravima LGBT osoba u BiH. BIH i dalje ostaje država koja već godinama ignoriše potrebe jednog velikog dijela stanovništva koje kroz određene zahtjeve za konkretnim aktivnostima artikuliše civilno društvo i međunarodna zajednica. Trenutno nema naznake da će se ovakav odnos bh. vlasti promijeniti, a homofobija i transfobija i dalje imaju dominantan utjecaj u samim državnim institucijama i tijelima. Kako bi se unaprijedila prava LGBT osoba, Sarajevski otvoreni centar i ove godine predlaže tri prioritetne mjere koje nadležne institucije trebaju poduzeti.

Pink Report. Annual Report on the State of the Human Rights of LGBT People in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2014

Author(s): Emina Bošnjak,Saša Gavrić,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): English Issue: */2014

In publishing the Pink Report, the annual report on the state of human rights of LGBT people in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2014, Sarajevo Open Centre continues with its intensive advocacy work in the field of LGBT rights. The Pink Report is the only one of its kind in BiH dedicated exclusively to covering the human rights of LGBT individuals. It is being published for the fourth year in a row. When we speak about the rights of LGBT people, we can conclude that the following important events occurred in 2014: - Political stagnation, caused by the election campaign, post-election negotiations, and political instability have brought about a situation in which, from the spring until the end of 2014, it was impossible to implement any relevant advocacy initiatives, particularly where the amending of legislation or adoption of strategic documents were concerned; - The election campaign, political parties’ programs, and the processes in parliaments and governments have shown that the rights of LGBT people are politically irrelevant. Not a single party recognized this as a relevant problem, and no solutions were offered. Until this point, there has not been a single discussion about the rights of LGBT people at any governmental or parliamentary session; - The Federation of BiH was not able to change the FBiH Criminal Code, despite the fact that there were two initiatives in the parliament. The Criminal Code should be amended to incorporate provisions related to the criminal offenses of hate crimes and hate speech; - Strategic documents that would have recognized the state of the rights of LGBT people and offer solutions and measures for the improvement of the rights of LGBT people were not adopted. The Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH failed to draft a special report on the state of the rights of LGBT people. No other national documents, such as a strategy on combatting discrimination or a strategy for improving the rights of LGBT people were never even discussed. - Activism for the rights of LGBT people flourished. In addition to the existing initiatives and organizations (for example, Q Sport or Okvir Association), which intensified their work, a number of new activist nuclei were formed. A Banja Lukabased association of queer activists was registered in 2014, and implemented a number of campaigns and carried out various activities. The Association LibertaMo is currently in the process of registration in Mostar, and the informal TANKA initiative is active in Tuzla; - In comparison to 2013, violence against LGBT people increased. LGBT individuals, as well as LGBT activists, became the targets of more frequent attacks. However, during 2014, two judgments were delivered that confirmed the violation of the rights of LGBT people. A judgment of the Constitutional Court of BiH confirmed that the right to gather in public was violated in the case of the Queer Sarajevo Festival. This is the first decision of the Constitutional Court dealing with the rights of LGBT individuals in BiH. Despite the articulated efforts and calls for concrete actions of civil society and international community, BH authorities remain ignorant of the needs of a large segment of its population. At the moment there are no indications that this attitude of BH authorities will change, all the while homophobia and transphobia remain a common experience in the governmental institutions. In order to improve the rights of LGBT people, Sarajevo Open Centre is proposing three priority measures to be taken by the competent institutions this year.