Reconstruction of Contents by Raported To The Idea of Didactic Transposition

Author(s): Tiberiu Octavian Cujba / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

In order to contextualize the theme discussed in this article is presented briefly the historical development of educational sciences from the Didactica Magna to Postmodern Didactic, then localized reconstruction of contents in Didactics of specialty between discursive strategy and argumentative performance. Reconstruction of contents by reported to the idea of didactic transposition, the main theme of discussion of this article, is analyzed in relation with didactic speech, which has the role to put into practice in the classroom the idea of didactic transposition. Didactic speech, mediated by computer, is a current reality at the present time, as generalization in the educational process. Reconstruction of contents is placed on the axiomatic background of curriculum paradigms because changing paradigm has the effect of change the architecture of didactic speech to present in classroom the scientific contents reconstructed by didactic transposition. Finally, some conclusions are presented.

LE PROCESSUS DE TRADUCTION À LA COMMISSION EUROPEENNE

Author(s): Liliana Comănescu / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2012

The Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission is the largest and the most complex translation service in the world. Its workflow is based on a unique set of translation tools ensuring the good functioning of an operation producing over a million pages per year: administration and documentation tools, as well as translation tools (terminology tools and translation memory technology).

EUROJARGON AND COMMUNITY TERMINOLOGY: CHARACTERISTICS IN ROMANIAN

Author(s): Sebastian Chirimbu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2012

The process of accession to the European Union had a wide influence in all the political, economic and cultural life of our country. The present article aims to investigate the changes recorded in Romanian, a new corpus of neologisms which was created and a new terminology of the EU community called eurojargon. The terms included in this terminology, those that begin with the prefix euro – the acronyms and shortenings are among the most common. Relatively new, the concept Eurojargon combines the words which express the language policy of the Union. Some elements of the Eurojargon may raise difficulties when translating and using them.

Economic and Social Rights of Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2012-2013

Author(s): Edita Miftari / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

When discussing European integrations through women’s human rights prism and in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is very important to distinguish between formal and legal framework and public policies which mostly follow European standards on one hand and their implementation and every-day practice which has been pushed into the background of ethnic and national divisions in the long-afterwar Bosnia and Herzegovina on the other hand. In this regard, marginalization of women on a regular basis in all spheres of life in Bosnia and Herzegovina is evident; Women are largely underrepresented and discriminated in public and political life, there are no adequate governmental programs of support for economic empowerment of women, violence against women is not adequately sanctioned and State’s services designed for supporting women victims of violence are insufficient, poorly managed and inadequate, women victims of sexual violence during the 1992-1995 war are facing statutory discrimination in two BiH entities, and women with disabilities, women from rural areas, Roma women, lesbian, bisexual and transgender women, and women victims of human trafficking are alarmingly invisible and disempowered. There is also no adequate statistical data on most of these issues. In short, women in Bosnia and Herzegovina live beyond their human rights and freedoms which the State has pledged to protect and improve.

Trybunał

Author(s): Stanisław Dubisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2017

Dopuszczalność stosowania prawa szariatu w zakresie spraw rozwodowych i spadkowych w prawodawstwie Unii Europejskiej

Author(s): Katarzyna Krzysztofek-Strzała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2016

Nowadays much more Muslims are coming to the European Union countries. Because of this the courts of members’ countries more often need to take into consideration the Sharia law. That’s why is important finding the answer to the question if the European Union legislation allowed the courts judging on the basis of Sharia law? In this context the most important fields of law are family law and inheritance law. The purpose of this study is finding the answer to the question if in the light of European Union legislation the courts are allowed to judging about divorces and inheritance on the basis of religious law, means Sharia law. In the case of divorces the main importance has the decree of Council (UE) No 1259/2010, and in the case of inheritance the decree of European Parliament and Council (UE) No 650/2012. The analyze of those acts leading to the conclusion that mentioning legal acts allowed in general applying Sharia law as foreign law. But simultaneously both acts clearly excluded using external law in the case that using it may lead to the violation of public order. And exactly this clause may strongly limited judging on the basis of Sharia law by the courts of European Union countries in the cases of divorces and inheritance. The reason is that in both fields Muslim law significantly difference to the European standards, largely limited women’s rights both in the occurrence of divorce and in the cases of inheritance.

Tajemnica adwokacka adwokata kościelnego w prawie polskim. Zakres ochrony i skutki jej naruszenia

Author(s): Małgorzata Tomkiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2016

The term of “attorney–client privilege” is not a precisely defined term in the Polish legal system nor in the canon law; however, there is no doubt that in both of those legal frameworks, this privilege is formally regulated and is under protection. Moreover, within the Polish legal system, as well as in the canon law, the attorney–client privilege is protected by specific inadmissibility and restrictions in evidence, and in both cases, this protection, assumes liability of depositary of confidential information for its violation. Also, the axiology of discussed privilege in every mentioned legal framework is similar when it comes to its purpose: the realization of law to an honest and righteous lawsuit, the right of defence and right to protect privacy, including freedom of communication.The fact that providing protection of attorney–client privilege is a subject of concern of both the state and the church legislator, is perceived as primo facie. Less obvious, however, is the answer to the following questions: Are those privileges “respected” by each other and are they protected in a symmetric way in both mentioned legal frameworks? Do people functioning as attorneys in canon law legal framework, may, in the cases governed by Polish law, invoke professional secrecy, and is this kind of invocation producing legal effects in the light of secular law? Does the obligation, which is incumbent upon church attorney as well as secular attorney, to maintain the confidentiality and to prevent from disclosure or unauthorized use of everything he learned by performing professional duties, is respected by secular legislator and vice versa? Does the disclosure of information by the church attorney, acquired while providing legal assistance to a party, in proceedings in ecclesiastical court, affect the criminal liability described in Article 266 of the Penal Code? Through comparative legal analysis of related regulations of canon law and also regulations present in Polish law, this article will try to answer those questions.

Opieka duszpasterska w szpitalach publicznych państw Unii Europejskiej – zarys problematyki

Author(s): Piotr Stanisz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2016

The aim of the paper is to provide a general characterization of the solutions used in the states of the European Union to guarantee free access to religious assistance in public hospitals. The first part presents the justification for such assistance. The organization of hospital chaplaincy and the status of hospital chaplains are discussed respectively in part 2 and 3. The paper concludes with a discussion of the problems connected with the need to protect the negative religious freedom of patients.The analysis leads to a conclusion that ensuring the right of every patient to religious assistance constitutes a recognized European standard, independently of the adopted model of state-church relations. However, the detailed guarantees of this right differ from state to state. The diversification characterizes both the organization of hospital chaplaincy and the status of chaplains. The relevant solutions are dependent on such circumstances as the religious structure of the society, established traditions, applied model of state-church relations and diversification of forms of regulating the legal situation of religious organizations. Among the problems which still need to be solved in a satisfactory way in a considerable number of European states one can mention the question of full protection of rights of religious minorities and persons without religious affiliation. However, the prospective guarantees of such protection should be fairly balanced with protecting the rights of believers belonging to sociologically dominant religions.

Вимоги процесуального законодавства в частині участі експерта при проведенні судової експертизи з економічних питань

Author(s): Olha Pugachenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 24/2013

The paper goal is to review and summarize the procedure of appointing and conducting forensic examination on economic issues.The following is singled out within the forensic economic examination: accounting and taxation documents examination, examination of documents on the economic activity of enterprises and organizations, and examination of documents related to financial and credit transactions. We have reviewed the terms and conditions of appointment and conduction of forensic examination on economic issues in the procedural legislation. Expert's certain rights, obligations and responsibilities in the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, the Commercial Procedure Code of Ukraine and the Code of Administrative Court Procedure of Ukraine.It has been established that, in general, the appointment and conduction of forensic analysis as well as forensic expert's rights, obligations and responsibilities in the procedural legislation are similar.

Around the Bloc: Russian Spy Sentenced to Prison in Estonia

Author(s): TOL TOL / Language(s): English Issue: 05/16/2017

The Baltic country has experienced a growing number of people spying on behalf of its eastern neighbor.

Problemy i wyzwania imigracyjne w Polsce

Author(s): Elżbieta Suchoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

The subject of immigration in Poland has recently become very popular and been of interest to a wide social circles. It is an important element of the country policy. There are many causes of immigration. Among them we have: job searching, the desire in improving the conditions of life, escapes from wars, battle conflicts, race persecution, nationality, political differences or the membership of a particular social group. Particular groups of migrants are refugees. Many government institutions, non-governmental and international are involved in assisting foreigners. Social assistance gets developed programs to the immigration relocation and prepares a business plan for acceptable the refugees.The intention of the work is characterizing the subject of immigration in Poland and the statement of readiness of the country to provide protection to foreigners especially refugees.

Evaluating Political Society in Rerum Novarum in the Context of Francisco Suárez’s Social Doctrine and Its Development in Gaudium et Spes

Author(s): Jan Koblížek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

Drawing on an analysis of two well-known documents of the social teachings of the Church (Rerum Novarum and Gaudium et Spes), this paper aims to demonstrate a noticeable conceptual development of the notion of politics and political authority which occurred between the end of the nineteenth century and the Second Vatican Council. The criterion used in the analysis was Francisco Suárez’s political writing of the Enlightenment period. It is argued that politics was defined not only in relation to natural familial community and to the separation of ecclesiastical and secular authority, but also in relation to the return to traditional Aristotelian and Thomistic notions.

По създаването и по спецификите на Tърновската конституция: Марин Дринов и неговите виждания по българския основен закон

Author(s): Yordanka Gesheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2015

Professor Marin Drinov doesn’t participate directly in the activity of the Constituent Assembly on the elaboration of the First Bulgarian Constitution (February-April 1879). But he has his own position on the construction of the Bulgarian state, on the state system and government; on the rights and obligations of the deputies, ministers, head of state; on the structure of the National Assembly. His opinion about the Constitution was sent to the Russian emperor’s commissioner Alexander Dondukov-Korsakov in December 1878. The conception of Drinov doesn’t concern the Assembly convened in Tărnovo. Professor Drinov as soon as is associated with forming of a team, which translated from Russia Organic Regulations, transformed in the basic foundation of the Bulgarian the proposed Constitution.

Editorial: Introducing the Journal of Gypsy Studies

Author(s): Ozge Burcu Gunes,Başak Akgül,Danielle Schoon,Ibrahim Sirkeci,Deniz Eroğlu Utku / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

After much preparation and hard work, we are pleased to release this inaugural issue of the Journal of Gypsy Studies which is an international, peer-reviewed journal aiming to publish quality and rigorous research and scholarship, as well as intellectual conversations/interviews, book reviews, conference reports, viewpoints, and letters on the groups known as and associated with Gypsies. As the production of academic work pertaining to the cultural, social, economic, and political lives of Gypsies is increasing, there is a need for research and theoretical contributions that centre on issues of poverty, discrimination, the sedentary/nomad divide, migration, urban policies, and citizenship and identity, among others. This is particularly important as right-wing political parties are on the rise in many countries where Roma/Gypsies live. Universities that have been influential in Romani studies are being threatened with closure, and Roma/Gypsies face violent attacks and forced evictions everyday. Although some governments and international organizations engage more and more with Roma/Gypsy organisations and development and inclusion programs, tangiable change is rare on the ground. This journal has been created by the hard work and dedication of a small team of academics initiated by Başak Akgül, Doğa Elçin, and Ibrahim Sirkeci in 2015 and among several brilliant colleagues who offered help and support, including Özge Burcu Güneş, Deniz Eroğlu Utku, Danielle V. Schoon, and Margarite Blignaut. We are grateful for their support as well as many colleagues who joined the editorial boards and served as reviewers.

Asmenis įvardijantys teisės terminai 1918–1940 m. Lietuvos kodeksuose

Author(s): Alvydas Umbrasas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 12/2005

Sources for the research in this article are unofficial translations of Russian legal codes, which were valid in Lithuania between 1918 and 1940, into Lithuanian. The article analyses terms of law for naming persons. Part of these terms could be attributed to the jurisprudence, other part – to the legal practice. They are names of persons connected by the legal relations and persons performing legal functions. There were about 800 such terms found in the earlier mentioned codes. About half of them are one-word terms, a half of them – complex terms (mainly two-word terms). Terms are discussed according to their origin and word-formation.A characteristic feature of law terms of that period naming persons is their Lithuanian origin. Names of persons, which are separable in respect of word-formation, are rare in those codes, most of them are derivatives. Some of them are coined specially for the needs of law terminology, most of them are terminologized. It is quite difficult to mark strictly terminologized formations from new formations. If a derivative, which is systematically possible, did not get into the earlier lexicography, it is not possible to conclude that such word did not exist. Most of law terms naming persons are derivatives with suffixes -to-jas, -a and -ėjas, -a, which on the whole are very common and productive. It is possible that exactly because of the commonness some terms made with the suffix -tojas, -a were replaced with derivatives with the suffix -ovas, -ė. More clearly new words were made with the suffix -ininkas, -ė.The article singles out a distinctive type of law terms naming persons – substantivized participles, mostly of the passive voice of the present tense. This is quite convenient way of a short expression. Some of the terms of this type are usual until nowadays.Borrowings make quite a small part of law terms naming persons in these codes. Almost all borrowings are international words. An absolute majority of them are of the Latin origin. The Lithuanization of a very few international words differs from the present one, variations are rare. Hybrid terms are close to borrowings, though such way of naming persons in these code was not popular at all.

Володимир Iлiч Гамза. ТЕРНIВКА. Iсторико-етнографічний нарис

Author(s): Tatyana Ilieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 34/2017

ULOGA I NAČIN UREĐENJA JAVNOSTI U HRVATSKOM PARLAMENTARNOM PRAVU OD 1947. DO 1953.

Author(s): Gordan Struić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2017

This paper examines the role of the public and its regulation in the Croatian parliamentary law within the formative period of establishing state institutions and law from 1947 to 1953. In trying to determine what is meant by the term public, the author uses etymological and historical approach, exposes the main theoretical concepts and takes a brief look at the socio-political context in the period under review. After that, the author gives a normative analysis of the relevant provisions of the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of the People’s Republic of Croatia dating from 1947 and 1951, outlines the provisions of the following Rules of Procedures to give an overview of the gradual forming of regulation of the public to the present day. Finally, in giving his concluding observations the author confirms his hypothesis that the public in the reviewed period of the Croatian parliamentary law did not have any significant role; it was reduced only to the meaning of audience, without any possibility of direct influence on the decisions in legislative or norm-making process, while the outcome of the use of available procedural instruments (opinions, requests, complaints and petitions) was entirely dependent on the will of the competent committee or parliament.

Energy governance and compliance with the EU regulations in Poland prior to the adoption of the 2030 Energy and Climate Framework

Author(s): Dominik Smyrgała / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2016

The article analyses the most important problems related to governance of the Polish energy sector prior to the adoption of the 2030 EU Climate and Energy Policy Framework. The document was to introduce major changes in the Polish energy mix due to restrictions placed upon the emissions of the CO2 and requirements related to the renewable sources of energy. The paper argues that in fact this overshadowed the pre-existing management problems of the Polish energy sector, in many aspects more serious than the provisions of the Framework itself.

Terminologia odnosząca się do konkubinatu w polskim ustawodawstwie synodalnym XII–XVIII w.

Author(s): Krzysztof Szczygielski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2008

The question of concubinage was very often mentioned in the sources of Polish synodal legislation in 12th–18th centuries. This extramarital union between a man and a woman was defined by the Latin term concubinatus. The more descriptive expressions used to explain this relation are as follows: peccandi libidinum, scelerata consuetudo or damnaticius status. The most extended terminology refers to the most relevant matter for the Catholic Church, namely to break with the sinful intercourse by the Christ’s faithful. The analysis of synodal decrees indicates that provided terminology expressed moral and legal qualification of living in concubinage. It was characterized by the pejorative meaning. Undoubtedly, it reflected the negative attitude of the Church towards these extramarital relations and people remaining in them. Provided terms applied mostly to clerics living in statu concubinatu. It shows how much attention the ecclesiastical authorities pay to clerical discipline. However, the fragments regarding the fight with concubinage of Christ’s faithful are less common. Particular legislators broadly used the terminology provided by the universal Canon law.

Extramarital Relations among Jews in the Ottoman Empire

Author(s): Leah Bornstein-Makovetsky / Language(s): English Issue: 2(2)/2014

The present paper deals with the ways in which Jewish communities in the Ottoman Empire handled cases of extramarital relations (fornication) among Jewish men (married or unmarried) and unmarried women. The present study covers a wide range of Jewish legal sources from the beginning of the 16th century to the last decade of the 19th century. As we have seen, the occurrence of sexual relations out of wedlock for married men, or unmarried men and unmarried women, was an extant feature of Jewish society; it was almost certainly much more widespread than adultery. Particularly common were relations between the betrothed, usually leading to marriage. Similarly, cases were common of unmarried women, often maidservants in Jewish homes, who had sexual liaisons with different men. Most of the surviving sources deal with women’s pregnancy and their demands that the men marry them, or at least acknowledge their paternity and pay child support for the babies. Jewish society stood guard over its sexual morality, deliberating about cases of extramarital pregnancy within the confines of the local legal court. The communities’ supervision of sexual morality led to the enactment of new decrees in some places and in rare cases, the offenders involved would be punished by lashes. We learn that Jewish society attempted to conceal sexual offenses from the eyes of the Muslim rulers.