Падежната система в старобългарските граматики на Рудолф Айцетмюлер и Август Лескин

Author(s): Yordan Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This report compares the presentation of the case system of the Old Bulgarian language in „Altbulgarische Grammatik” by Rudolph Aitzetmüller and „Grammatik der altbulgarischen Sprache” by August Leskien. It focuses on the category of the noun, the way of arrangement of the case system, as well as the lexical and graphical presentation of the studied data. The conclusions drawn from this research help the development of the study of the Old Bulgarian language grammar in the XX century.

Семантична съпоставка между фразеологични структури с опорна дума риба в български и гръцки

Author(s): Radostina Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper compares the forms and semantics of phraseological units in Bulgarian and Greek, using the head word Fish. The resulting observations of the study allow for the drawing of some linguistic and ethno-psycholinguistic conclusions regarding these two Balkan nations. In analysing the construction of semantic equivalents in the two languages, both complete and partial similarities can be observed. Semantic classification reveals that phraseologisms are personally orientated, and that amongst these, those which characterise qualities, actions, and states evoking negative emotions are seen to dominate.

K vybraným lexikálním grécismům ve staroslověnštině a jejich rozšíření v slovanském areálu (s důrazem na makedonštinu a češtinu)

Author(s): Helena Karlíková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The article deals with lexical borrowings in Old Church Slavonic, particularly with borrowings from Greeks, from the point of view of their etymological origin, meaning and further spreading in other Slavonic languages. On examples from semantic field “architecture” it is shown that the borrowings in Old Church Slavonic constitute a peculiar part of the lexicon the sorting of which does not have a simple solution according to generalizing rules.

За наставата по македонски јазик како втор (немајчин или странски) во Република Македонија и надвор од неа

Author(s): Gordana Aleksova / Language(s): Macedonian Publication Year: 0

The article is a review of the teaching of Macedonian as a second language – non-mother tongue or foreign language in the Republic of Macedonia and abroad. It states some facts about the teaching of Macedonian language in the primary and secondary schools, to students whose mother tongue is Albanian, Turkish or Serbian, and are based on the current curriculums and teaching plans, the contents of the appropriate books and my own position on their current and possible realization plans. In the Macedonian linguistic terminology the phrase second language refers to, almost always, the language that is not students’ native or to the one that is widely spoken in the social environment. The actual conditions of the teaching of Macedonian language as a foreign are only briefly mentioned.

Apendix

Author(s): Ivan Dorovský / Language(s): Czech,Macedonian Publication Year: 0

Na začátku považuji za nezbytné připomenout několik důležitých fakt. Podle našich i cizích encyklopedických a jiných příruček žilo ve 20. století v Řecku 95 % Řeků, zbytek tvoří občané makedonské, turecké, albánské, židovské, romské nebo jiné národnosti. Nedlouho po skončení 2. světové války v Evropě v květnu 1945 došlo na jihu Balkánského poloostrova k prvnímu ozbrojenému konfliktu. Levicové a demokraticky orientované síly v Řecku, které sehrály rozhodující úlohu v antifašistickém a národně osvobozeneckém boji, byly pronásledovány členy četných profašisticky, monarchisticky a pravicově orientovaných skupin a spolků. I přes nepříznivou vnitřní a zahraničně politickou situaci se proto na podzim roku 1946 začaly formovat první partyzánské jednotky. Jejich zástupci podepsali dohodu s Národně osvobozeneckou frontou (NOF), jež sdružovala Makedonce z Egejské Makedonie. Řekové i Makedonci však byli zřejmě nedostatečně informováni nebo vůbec nevěděli o jednání W. Churchilla a J. V. Stalina v říjnu 1944 o rozdělení zájmových sfér na Balkáně.

BETON - Kulturno propagandni komplet br. 082, god. IV, Beograd, utorak, 20. oktobar 2009.

Author(s): Dajana Đedović,Predrag Azdejković,Predrag Lucić,Dobrica Erić,Lazar Bodroža / Language(s): Serbian

MIXER, Dajana Đedović: Dva veka Vuka; ARMATURA, Predrag M. Azdejković: Kako je propao Belgrade Pride; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Predrag Lucić: Među javom i Med vedevim; BULEVAR ZVEZDA, ERIĆ, Dobrica; BLOK BR. V, Lazar Bodroža: Gospođica pod opsadom

LEKSIKOGRAFSKI POSTUPAK U TRETMANU NJEMAČKIH PARONIMA U DVOJEZIČKOM RJEČNIKU

Author(s): Minka Džanko,Alma Čović-Filipović / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

In the process of creating a contemporary, universal bilingual Bosnian-German dictionary, a number of lexical-semantic challenges emerged. One of them is the occurance of paronyms which are defined in the literature quite differently. Following Storjohannʼs (2021a, 2021b) work on German paronyms, in this paper we define paronyms as formally, phonetically and/ or semantically similar words that may have the same etymological root (e.g. formal - formalistisch, kindisch - kindlich). The previous research showed that paronymic pairs are a source of uncertainty for both native speakers and learners of German as a foreign language due to their semantic and phonetic similarity. However, the existing Bosnian-, Croatian-, or Serbian-German bilingual dictionaries rarely treat this phenomenon neither explicitly, with a note or a separate window, nor implicitly - by taking into account different conceptual referential aspects of the meaning and use of paronyms. The goals of this work are: 1. to offer concrete solutions for a lexicographic treatment of paronyms in the microstructure of the Bosnian-German universal dictionary; 2. to encourage further research into this phenomenon in order to fill an evident gap in domestic and bilingual lexicography. Data comes from the online paronym dictionary of German Language Institute Mannheim, in which their meaning structures are clearly delineated and schematically shown. We investigate their lexicographic presentation in existing bilingual dictionaries and propose more adequate lexicographic treatment in order to offer a more appropriate equivalent. For example, the entry bezbolno (painlessly) occurs in the existing dictionaries with the equivalents schmerzlos and schmerzfrei, suggesting that these two words are synonyms and can be used equally in any context in the German language, even though they are actually paronyms.

PRIKAZ POMENSKO POVEZANIH IZTOČNIC V SLOVARJU PREGOVOROV IN SORODNIH PAREMIOLOŠKIH IZRAZOV

Author(s): Matej Meterc / Language(s): Slovenian Publication Year: 0

Dictionary of Proverbs and Similar Paremiological Expressions lists semantically related entries for each paremiological expression, if they have already been included in the dictionary. The article first presents the first paremiological dictionary of the Slovenian language, which is being created at The Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian Language (Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts). The first dictionary entries were published on the Fran.si webpage in 2020, and since then new dictionary entries have been added once a year. Currently, 400 paremiological expressions (mostly proverbs but also other) are included in the dictionary. The information on semantically related paremiological expressions shows the connections between synonyms, hypernyms, hyponyms and antonyms. In the analysis, we help ourselves with the typology of semantic relationships presented by Peter Ďurčo. The lexicographical information on semantically related paremiological expressions also provides a connection between (phraseologically fixed) anti-proverbs and proverbs from which these anti-proverbs were created. Similarly, in the dictionary, wellerisms and the expressions from which they were formed are linked. In the article, we touch upon the issue of a wider group of paremiological genres that are created through parody (so-called antiparemias), which Jozef Mlacek pointed out. The special feature of this paremiological dictionary is the display of semantic relationships between phraseological replies that respond to the same or similar stimuli. All the mentioned semantic relationships are shown in the article with concrete paremiological expressions, their explanations of meaning and examples of usage. The article also explains to what degree the display of semantic connections between paremiological expressions affects the choice of paremiological expressions presented in the dictionary.

FEATURES OF WORD FORMATION IN CONTEMPORARY MASS MEDIA TEXTS (IN RUSSIAN AND CROATIAN LANGUAGE)

Author(s): Marina Vasilievna Radčenko / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article analyses features of word formation in contemporary Russian and Croatian mass media texts. Active types, models and morphemes of word formation system used in both languages are determined. A comparative analysis of the ways of forming new words shows that occasionalisms in both languages can be created by conventional methods, such as affixation and composition or by non-conventional ways of word formation (contamination, derivation according to a specific pattern, graphoderivation).

За думата „хавра“ в българския, гръцкия и руския език

Author(s): Emilia Avginova-Nikolova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

In this paper is presented the word “havra” from semantic point of view – its meanings, matchability, use, as well as the origin of the word “havra“ in Bulgarian, Greek and Russian with fair relevance in the examined three languages.

Семантичен модел богатство-бедност на концепта "хляб" в български, руски и гръцки език

Author(s): Emilia Avginova-Nikolova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

As designated as signs for second nomination, through its internal form the phraseological units are characterized with their feature to carry more enlarged knowledge and help to make more explicit the peculiarities of its world perception in comparison to the signs of first nomination. The present paper is an attempt the semantic aspect of the phraseological units of the semantic field of the concept „bread” to be analyzed and in particular the phraseological units of the model „wealth-poverty”, which belongs to the same semantic field. It is emphasized the central position of the bread in the linguistic consciousness of Bulgarians, Russians and Greeks, as well as its fundamental role in the culture of these three nations.

Наблюдения върху предаването на безеквивалентна лексика в художествения превод от български език на гръцки език и обратно

Author(s): Velichka Simonova-Grozdeva / Language(s): Bulgarian,German,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

Лексико-семантични особености на гръцките думи в родопските говори

Author(s): Tsvetana Mandzhukova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Greek loanwords in Bulgarian constitute a significant share of the total number of foreign words in it. In some Bulgarian dialects the number of Greek words, in comparison with other foreign lexemes, is larger owing to the proximity of these vernaculars to those of Greek, and also due to the historical and cultural processes transpiring in Bulgarian lands in the past. In a considerable number of Greek words that have entered the Rhodopi vernaculars semantic changes have occurred. There also are loan words that have preserved the central meaning they have in the source language. Depending on the semantic characteristics of Greek loan words in the Rhodopi vernaculars, three main groups can be differentiated: a) words where no change in meaning has occurred, b) words that have acquired new meaning, and c) new words that are derivatives of lexemes from the former two groups. The study also traces penetration routes of Greek words in the Rhodopi vernaculars. The frequency of use of loan words is analysed in a diachronic aspect.

Скалигеровият Патерик и двояката трансмисия на църковнославянските текстове

Author(s): William R. Veder / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Slavonic Publication Year: 0

An abridged version of the Slavonic Scaliger Patericon is shown to be copied both from Cyrillic and Glagolitic antigraphs; the same circumstance is observed in the translations of the Scete Patericon and Athanasius of Alexandria’s Homilies Against the Arians. Twofold transmission makes it possible to contrast the features of copying from Glagolitic with those of copying from Cyrillic.

Гръцки следи в българските собствени имена и тяхното значение

Author(s): Emilia Avginova-Nikolova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

The anthroponymy deals with the existing or already obsolete proper names of people, as well as with their geographical distribution in a given country or region. Anthroponymy studies anthroponyms, which include personal, patronymic, surnames, as well as generic names and nicknames. The anthroponymic system of any language is constantly changing, just as the language itself is constantly evolving. Although there are not a few purely Bulgarian personal names that managed to be preserved through Christianity and its rituals, many personal names of Greek origin entered the Bulgarian anthroponymic system, which began to replace the old pagan names

UTJECAJ OGRANIČENJA SMS PORUKA NA POJAVU I SASTAV IDIOMSKIH SKUPINA

Author(s): Azra Hodžić-Čavkić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Idioms are defined as multi-component, complex, solid lexical connections. Without insight into the different understanding and other categorical features of idioms, their multi-component nature is the starting point of almost all phraseologists. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, we can say that the composition of idioms is motivated by the conceptual metaphor MORE IS BETTER, i.e. MORE WORDS ARE MORE CONTENT – so that idioms must naturally be defined within the framework of spatial resolution since the meaning is expressed by at least two lexical words. In a linear sense, they take up more space than linguistic units indicating primary nomination. On the other hand, SMS, as one of the forms of computer-mediated communication, has its own spatial limitations, which means that the influence of the formal limitations of the SMS should be assumed first of all on the appearance in general and on the frequency of idioms, but the probability that such limitations can be taken into account have an influence on the composition of idioms and the possibility that variants of idioms appear within SMS messages. In this paper, we generally deal with the relationship between idiom groups and SMS in the first SMS corpus of the Bosnian language.

ENALAGA VREMENA I NAČINA U PUTOPISNOM ŽANRU

Author(s): Bernisa Puriš / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Narrative sequence is the basic configural element (speech type) of the travelogue, on the basis of which its spatial and temporal arrangement is organized. The temporal arrangement of travel narration depends on the travel writer’s awareness of time and their subjective experience of time while writing about the journey. The writer, as a storyteller, has the freedom to choose a perspective, i.e. time point of view, to narrate the travel story to others. In this context, the question of intentionality in choosing verb forms to express travelogue temporality is important for stylistics. Regarding this question verb forms were studied as stylistic indicators of experiential, dynamic, rhythmic, and interdiscursive effects. These stylistic features make the travelogue genre specific and distinguishable from other genres with which it simultaneously exists. In doing so, it starts from the position that the issue of synonymy is very important in stylistic research. Since the subject of this paper is grammatical synonymy in the field of narrative temporality, the paper uses the concept of analogous time and mode, which in the system of stylistic / rhetorical figures means the expression of the same temporal relations in different verb tenses and modes. The research corpus is an anthological selection of 20th-century travelogues from Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Социолингвистични аспекти на изследването на българските говори в Бесарабия

Author(s): Olga Novak / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of the present study is to outline several main features of the contemporary linguistic situation in a polyethnic, respectively, multilingual and multicultural region of southern Ukraine – Budzhak, where Bulgarian dialects are preserved, function and continue to develop. The research of the current state of the language of the Bulgarian minority in Bessarabia from a sociolinguistic aspect can show to what level its national identity stays intact and also this study could be helpful in the formation of the language policy by Bulgaria and Ukraine for the Bessarabian Bulgarians. The material allows us to conclude that the systematic influence of the Ukrainian and Bulgarian literary languages on the Bulgarian Bessarabian dialects is almost non-existent today. For official communication Ukrainian is used exclusively, however, in informal written communication and in the function of lingua franca only Russian prevails as a written language, which is fluently spoken by the inhabitants of the region.

Jezik i pisana riječ u Visokom

Author(s): Mehmed Kardaš / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Aneksija Bosne i Hercegovine rezultirala je krupnim promjenama u svim segmentima bosanskohercegovačkog društva. Nakon početnog razdoblja stagnacije, koje je obilježeno snažnim otporom prema Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji, BiH se postepeno uključuje u zapadnoevropski civilizacijski krug. Kroz korjenite promjene u obrazovnom sistemu te formiranje brojnih kulturno-prosvjetnih društava, kao i čitaonica, počinje se odvijati intenzivan kulturni život. Međutim, društvene i kulturne promjene nastale nakon aneksije stvorile su svojevrstan procjep u kojem se našlo kompletno bosanskohercegovačko društvo. S jedne strane višesto ljetno naslijeđe iz prethodnog perioda, koje je u značajnoj mjeri oblikovalo sve sfere društveno-političkog i kulturnog života, dok su, s druge strane, u skladu s političkim ciljevima nove uprave, promovirane zapadnoevropske civilizacijske kulturne tekovine. Zalaganja austrougarske vlasti za model svjetovnog obrazovanja, kao i afirmiranje štamparske i izdavačke djelatnosti, postepeno će mijenjati i obrazovni i kulturni život bosanskohercegovačke sredine. Međutim, neophodno je istaći da uvedene promjene, koje su rezultat dobrog poznavanja složenog stanja bosanskohercegovačkog društva, nisu bile radikalne te je u prvim godinama uprave vladao relativno tolerantan odnos prema zatečenom, što se vidi i u odnosu prema pisanoj riječi u svim njenim pojavnostima. Naime, iako je ulagala značajan napor na uvođenju svjetovnog školstva u BiH, što je podrazumijevalo i afirmaciju latiničnog pisma u različitim sferama upotrebe, austrougarska vlast nije imala represivne mjere prema konfesionalnom obrazovanju i oblicima pisane riječi koji su ukorijenjeni u prethodnom periodu. To se posebno odnosi na muslimansko stanovništvo kod kojeg vlada otpor prema kulturi koju percipiraju kao neprijateljsku. Sličan odnos prema austrougarskoj upravi vlada i među pravoslavnim stanovništvom, naročito u vrijeme Benjamina Kállaya (1882–1903), koji pokušava neutralizirati utjecaje koji su dolazili iz Srbije. Suprotno tome, relativno brža integracija katoličkog stanovništva u novi kulturni svjetonazor potaknuta je, između ostaloga, i činjenicom da je riječ o zapadnokršćanskoj civilizaciji, dok je franjevačka kulturna tradicija, koja je i ranije baštinila latinično pismo, kao i sveukupna djelatnost franjevaca na polju pokretanja časopisa još u osmanskom periodu, otvorila put ka bržem uključivanju katoličkog stanovništva u nove tokove pisane riječi. U skladu s navedenim može se konstatirati da forme pisane riječi ne samo u austrougarskom periodu nego i u prvim decenijama XX st. imaju naglašenu konfesionalnu orijentaciju.

Tri perioda razvoja savremene metodičke misli maternjeg jezika i književnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Sead Nazibegović,Bernes Aljukić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

The history of methodical research in teaching of the mother tongue and literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1945 to 1992 can be characterized as a period of the most intensive methodological research. This historical fragment can be divided on the basis of immanent methodological criteria, namely, primarily the years of publication of significant textbooks or books that had a decisive and groundbreaking effect on the development of contemporary methodological thought and the overall teaching of the mother tongue and literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this sense, we can distinguish the following periods in the development of contemporary methodological thought: I (1946–1958) – The period of methodological beginnings: from the first professional seminars to the first textbooks by Bosnian authors; II (1959–1965) – Period of autochthonous Bosnian textbooks, methodological magazines and teaching library editions; III (1966–1992) – The period of culmination of methodological thought in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the flourishing of contemporary methodical literature. The aim of this paper, among other things, is to analyze the most important curricula and programs for teaching the mother tongue and literature in that period, to describe the socio-historical circumstances, as well as to list the most important methodologists of the mother tongue and literature of that time and their publications that had immeasurable importance for the development of methodological thought concerning the mother tongue and literature.