ТАТАРСКО-РУССКОЕ ДВУЯЗЫЧИЕ В РЕГИОНАЛЬНОМ КОНТЕКСТЕ

Author(s): Simbul Abdullovna Akhmetova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2013

This paper analyzes empirical data on the processes of development of Tatar-Russian bilingualism in a regional context. The aim of the research was to demonstrate the contradiction between the declared status of the Tatar language and the actual limitation of its use. Attention was paid to the gradual transformation of the Tatar language to a simple marker of ethnic identity. The following conclusion was made: achievement of the real bilingualism is possible only under the condition of preserving and expanding the instrumental function of the Tatar language.

КОНЦЕПТ СВЕТ В РУССКОМ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ «ПОВЕСТИ ВРЕМЕННЫХ ЛЕТ»)

Author(s): Irina Valeryevna Erofeeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper considers the semantic structure of the concept of light in the Russian medieval world view. The referential, conceptual, figurative, and symbolic meanings of the concept of light in the linguistic view of the world of that period are defined. The dynamics of the perception of this phenomenon in the linguistic consciousness of the medieval person is traced. Its value and historical meaning are specified. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the semantics of the noun light as the core unit of the semantic field of this concept. The main tendencies in the development of its meaning and derivational relationships are revealed. The ideological components of the world view determined by the medieval religious consciousness are taken into account. The functioning of the derivatives with the root свет- (“light”) found in the Tale of Bygone Years is analyzed.

К ВОПРОСУ О ПАДЕНИИ РЕДУЦИРОВАННЫХ ГЛАСНЫХ В ДРЕВНЕРУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: ХРОНОЛОГИЯ, ФОНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ, ОТРАЖЕНИЕ В ПАМЯТНИКАХ

Author(s): Mihail Borisovich Popov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper is focused on some controversial issues of relative and absolute chronology concerning the fall of reduced vowels in the Old Russian dialects, as well as peculiarities of its phonological mechanism. The phonological theory and Old Russian written records of the 12th century support the view on new jat (ѣ) phonologization before the fall of the weak reduced vowel in the next syllable. Based on the contrasting graphemes of е, о and ь, ъ in the manuscripts of the 13th–14th centuries, the idea of rather late (after the change of strong reduced vowels in [e] and [o]) disappearance of reduced vowels as phonemes is developed. The mixed concept of “absolutely weak position”, which is ambiguously estimated in paleo-Russian studies, is discussed in the context of V.M. Markov’s hypothesis of non-etymological reduced vowels as a trigger of their fall.

СРЕДСТВА МАРКИРОВКИ ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНОГО ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ В ЛЕЗГИНСКОМ И РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ: СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АСПЕКТ

Author(s): German Ibragimovich Akhmedov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

Comparative study of the structural and semantic type of communicative statements (declarative sentences) is presented in the paper. A number of features that are typically significant for marking modal values (confidence, probability, possibility, necessity, prohibition, uncertainty, doubt, and negation) as expressed in declarative sentences of the studied languages are analyzed.

ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ФИТОНИМОВ С КОМПОНЕНТОМ КУРИЦА/HUHN В РУССКОМ И НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Elizabeta Jurievna Moiseeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

This paper is the first to comparatively analyze Russian and German plant names derived from the noun курица/Huhn. The analysis is based on studying the nominational features of plant names and involves the ethnocultural data on 56 plant names derived from the Russian noun курица and 124 phytonyms with the German component Huhn. The nominational features of Russian and German plant names have proven to be generally quite similar to some peculiar motivations. The ethnocultural idea of hen as a symbol of feminine and fertility is also expressed by the analyzed plant names in both Russian and German languages. A number of Russian and German phytonyms should be recognized as corrupt or reanalyzed forms. The reasons for their motivational uncertainty could vary from changes in the folk etymology up to mistakes made by the authors of botanical dictionaries. The nominational features of some plant names need further studying.

ИТЕРАТИВНОСТЬ И МУЛЬТИПЛИКАТИВНОСТЬ В ТАТАРСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ И ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ СРЕДСТВА ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ

Author(s): Alfia Makarimovna Galieva,Radif Rifkatovich Zamaletdinov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

This paper describes the basic morphological (synthetic) and lexical means of representation of event structures in the Tatar language based on iterative and multiplicative verbs. It is shown that affixal iteratives also express other categories: incompleteness of action (raritive) and agent qualifying characteristics (usitative). Lexical iteratives and multiplicatives are investigated. Their semantic classes are distinguished. Considerable attention is paid to the verbs denoting optical (light) effects. The study is carried out using the data of the National Corpus of the Tatar Language “Tugan Tel”.

К ВОПРОСУ О ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИИ ПРЕДЛОГОВ ВСЛЕД, НАВСТРЕЧУ, ВДАЛИ В ЯЗЫКЕ А.С. ПУШКИНА

Author(s): Milyausha Foatovna Kiyamova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper focuses on theoretical problems in the usage of prepositions, formulation of the definition of prepositions, their etymology, as well as identification of the criteria for qualifying lexemes as either syncategorematic or content words (prepositions or their equivalents). Using such prepositions as vsled (“behind”), navstrechu (“towards”), and vdali (“away”) in A.S. Pushkin’s language, the early development of the grammatical system of the modern Russian standard language is reconstructed.

СТРУКТУРНЫЕ И СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ СЛОЖНЫХ СЛОВ, ХАРАКТЕРИЗУЮЩИХ ЧЕЛОВЕКА, В ТАТАРСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Asiya Rizvanovna Rakhimova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper attempts to reveal and describe some peculiarities of the formation of complex words in the Tatar language, which are used to describe human characteristics. Words belonging to the thematic group are divided into proper complex, paired, and compound words. Most lexemes are dialectal, informal, or colloquial, being characterized as adjectives. The source lexical units involved in the formation of complex words are mostly of the Kipchak-Turkic origin in the Tatar language. Very few of them are actual borrowings from non-cognate languages. Proper complex and compound words are more often formed by connecting the adjective to the noun as a second component. Paired words are mainly formed by using two adjectives. New compound words are formed with the help of such affixes as -ly/-le (-лы/-ле) and -chan/-chän (-чан/-чән).

ОБ ОБРАЗНО-АССОЦИАТИВНЫХ СВЯЗЯХ ЛЕКСЕМЫ ПАМЯТЬ: В КОНТЕКСТЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ИНВАРИАНТНОСТИ ОБРАЗА

Author(s): Gulshat Ahmathanovna Khairutdinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

This paper discusses the figurative potential of the lexeme memory. The figurativeness of the lexical unit is investigated based on the idea of invariance, or paradigmaticity, of a verbal figure. The analysis is based on the poetic works of the 19th–20th centuries in the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The most voluminous paradigms in which the noun memory acts as an object of comparison are described. The grounds for rapprochement between the object and figure during the functioning of the studied lexeme are revealed.

Les noms de sons et d’odeurs en russe. Valeurs et emplois

Author(s): Irina Thomières / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2016

The present paper examines in detail the predicative nouns of smell and of sound in contemporary Russian. It more specifically focuses on the structures ‘Noun of smell or odor + specifiers (“noun” in the genitive)’. The predicates mentioned are divided into groups according to the semantic nature of the specifiers: concrete noun, abstract noun, place name. They express the cause of the smell or sound. The features of each subset are described emphasizing the similarities and differences existing between the sounds on the one hand and the smells on the other.

Fraz. zbić z pantałyku ‘stropić kogo, pozbawić pewności siebie’

Author(s): Grażyna Rytter / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2016

The article concerns the East-­Slavic linguistic influence on Polish in the second half of the nineteenh century as exemplified by the meaning of the phrase zbić z pantałyku. Today’s meaning of the phrase is associated with another phraseologism zbić z tropu ‘to throw [lit. knock] off trace,’ which originates from the hunting jargon. *Pantałyk as a separate word is not (and never has been) used in general Polish, and the comprehensibility of the whole phrase is the result of the sum of its components. East Slavic counterparts of the phrase are attested from the mid­nineteenth century. In the Polish of the period, zbić z pantałyku had a colloquial status, and its usefulness in the sphere of everyday communication was a manifestation of economy of imaginary rather than conceptual means of expression. Especially in the conditions of widespread bilingualism, the new phrase could easily be recognized against the background of contemporary usage of near­synonymous colloquial phrases derived from the verb zbić ‘to beat’ but also ‘to knock off.’ The greater frequency of zbić z pantałyku in the Polish of south­eastern borderlands resulted from a combination of factors, mainly the blurred boundaries between literary and dialectal (folk) phraseology.

Джип подрезал «форда», или Существует ли в русском языке грамматическая категория одушевленности / неодушевленности?

Author(s): Mikhail Fedosiuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 51/2016

The purpose of the article is to clarify the concept of grammatical category of animateness / inanimateness in Russian. After analyzing the history of the study of this category and the history of its development, the author concludes that the grammatical category of animateness, despite its name, is intended to mark not living objects, but objects with a potential of activity. The main function of this category is to distinguish nominative and accusative cases in such sentences as modern informal Russian Dzhip podrezal “ forda” (Jeep cut in “Ford”), where without such а distinguishing feature it could be unclear which of these two nouns is the subject and which is the object.

Strefy dialektalne języka białoruskiego jako przykład językowych kontaktów z sąsiednimi narodami

Author(s): Mirosław Jankowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2016

The article regards dialectal zones of the Belarusian language, which, as opposed to the traditional division into dialectal belts and dialectal groups, were marked out mainly on the basis of lexical and not grammatical features. While the traditionally delineated dialects indicate ethnographic unity of the Belarusian nation, dialectal zones present cultural and historical contacts with neighbouring nations. We can distinguish five zones: north-western (contacts with the Baltic languages, mainly with Lithuanian, and the Polish language of the northern borderland), south-eastern (contacts with Russian and Ukrainian), western (contacts with Polish), eastern (contacts with Russian) and central.

Międzynarodowa konferencja naukowa Мови Європи в стані оновлення (Kijów, 20–21 kwietnia 2016)

Author(s): Jakub Lubomir Banasiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2016

The article is a report from an international scientific conference, organised on 20–21 April 2016 in Kiev by the Institute of the Ukrainian Language, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The conference, entitled Мови Європи в стані оновлення, was devoted to innovations in European languages, including especially the Slavic languages.

Краткий очерк истории Украинского литературного языка до конца ХІХ в.

Author(s): Albena Stamenova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 101/2016

This study analyzes the main period of the Ukrainian literary language history by the end of the 19th century. It outlines the formation of the Old Eastern Slavonic redaction of the Old Bulgarian literary language and other languages and their variations, which have formed and functioned in Old Rus' and, later, in the lands, inhabited by Ukrainian population. The paper describes the language situation and the specificity of the historical and cultural development of the Ukrainian people within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as well as the creation and the fate of the language phenomenon “prosta mova”. The study also discusses the decline of the Old Ukrainian language and the formation and evolution of the new Ukrainian literary language within the historic-cultural context of the time. The study highlights the negative impact of the lack of autonomy and statehood on the processes in question as well as the systematic and purposeful persecution of the Ukrainian language.

Gabriela Olchowa, Mieczysław Balowski (eds), Języki słowiańskie w procesie przemian, Banská Bystrica 2015

Author(s): Monika Biesaga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2016

O broni i borykaniu się

Author(s): Agnieszka Piela / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2017

О восстановлении памятника матери Ф. М. Достоевского на бывшем Лазаревском кладбище в Москве

Author(s): Pavel Evgenyevich Fokin / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2017

Maria Fyodorovna Dostoevskaya (nee Nechaeva), mother of the great writer, died on March 11th (February 27th), 1837. She was buried at the first public graveyard in Moscow — Lazarev cemetery, the largest one until 1917. In the 1930s this cemetery was ravaged, and the writer’s mother’s remains were subjected to a barbaric exhumation. The tombstone was kept for a long time in the cellar of the State Literary Museum. The given article covers the history of reconstruction of the tombstone of M. F. Dostoevskaya. This cultural and historical event occurred on March 11th, 2017 in the territory of the former Lazarev cemetery in Moscow, near the Holy Spirit Temple. The reconstruction of M. F. Dostoevskaya’s grave is not only the reconstruction of a place of memory of the Dostoevsky dynasty, but is also evocation of recollections of all the buried in the destroyed Lazarev cemetery.

Wizerunek prezydenta Władimira Putina na portalach społecznościowych (na przykładzie Facebooka)

Author(s): Urszula Patocka-Sigłowy / Language(s): Polish Issue: 156/2016

The President Vladimir Putin has been the leader of Russian popularity rankings for years. His strong position in the international arena is emphasised by a number of awards granted by foreign magazines. The number of Facebook pages devoted to that famous politician confirms his phenomenal position in social media. This article focuses on the analysis of the Facebook image of Vladimir Putin.

Интернет-мемы как репрезентанты медиаконцепта (к вопросу о методике анализа медиаобраза)

Author(s): Ansatasija Belovodskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 156/2016

The article focuses on the description of the mechanisms, which help create a media image. It also suggests the methodology of the analysis, based on a wide understanding of the term, what assumes the inclusion into the corpus of analyzed material texts created by professionals as well as emerged spontaneously comprise the corpus of the material under the analysis. Here Internet memes, which have acquired the status of the main structural unit of media space in the contemporary studies, are the main subject of the research. Herewith the corpus of Internet memes, representing image, are viewed as an unified hypertext, that allows both to highlight and depict various aspects of the media image represented as well as to understand the structural principles of the corresponding media concepts and uncover their relation to other fragments of the collective cognitive space.