Шаткий трон и зыбкое стекло Семантика прилагательных сквозь призму поэзии

Author(s): Oleg Fedoszov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

This paper is devoted to the corpus-based study of Russian adjectives шаткий ‘wobbly, unstable, shaky’ and зыбкий ‘unsteady, shaky’ in the context of Russian poetry. The comprehensive research shows that the similarity of these lexemes has only surface features. The symmetry of the two adjectives is discussed: they are synonymous practically in all the meanings they have but this semantic area has a lot of differences. The following differences are revealed: the adjective шаткий is used in its direct meaning more frequently than зыбкий, while the adjective зыбкий is used more frequently in metaphoric contexts. It is necessary to study how the hidden component of the meaning takes place in the “naive mind”.

Шевченкова спадщина – унікальний культурний скарб українського народу

Author(s): Oleksandra Vasylivna Shynkaruk,Vasyl Dmitrievich Shynkaruk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2019

The purpose of the article is to analyze the influence of Taras Shevchenko’s personality on the Ukrainian cultural creation. It is based on the analysis of the reputable sources from the perspective of a modern methodology. It proves the influence of the concepts God, Ukraine, Freedom in the Great Kobzar’s creative heritage on the cultural and educational life of the Ukrainians. The methodology is based on the proper methods of foreign and national sciences. The primary method is a structural and narrative analysis of the content and genre form of the text. A comparative typological method is also used to study Taras Shevchenko’s heritage. Historical-biographical, historical-literary, and contextual methods are used for a complete presentation of the poet’s creative worldview. Scientific novelty deals with the study of the Great Kobzar’s role in the Ukrainian cultural creation, the influence of the concepts God, Ukraine, Freedom in the Great Kobzar’s creative heritage on the cultural and educational life of the Ukrainians. The data is systematically studied. The significance of the Great Kobzar’s creative heritage in Ukrainian cultural creation is emphasized. Conclusion. Theoretical and methodological aspects of the research are based on the contemporary methods and principles of cognition of historical phenomena and processes. The study of Shevchenko’s heritage as a unique cultural treasure of the Ukrainians should be developed into a comprehensive monographic study. The Great Kobzar’s figure n the Ukrainian cultural creation is a symbol of the revival of national identity. It was Taras Shevchenko who formulated the ideology of the Ukrainians’ freedom in his works and created the system of values. The influence of the concepts God, Ukraine, Freedom in the Great Kobzar’s creative heritage on the cultural and educational life of the Ukrainians is highlighted in detail.

Шести международен конгрес на украинистите (Донецк, 2005 г.)

Author(s): Albena Stamenova,Rayna Kamberova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2006

Place: Donetsk; Date: June 28 - July 1, 2005.

Шестьдесят пять лет со дня рождения Йиржи Йирачека

Author(s): Aleš Brandner / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1998

2 декабря 1999 г. отметил свое шестидесятипятилетие доктор филологических наук Йиржи Йирачек, экстраординарный профессор филологического факультета Масарикова университета в Брно, многолетний заведующий кафедрой русского языка. Юбиляр родился в Праге, но провел свою молодость в Южной Чехии. В 1943 г. он закончил тршебоньскую гимназию. После освобождения поступил на филологический факультет арлова университета, который закончил в 1949 г. по специальности ≪русский язык и литература - английский язык и литература≫. Несколько лет проработав в средних школах, в 1956 г. он поступил на работу в брненский университет, сначала на кафедру иностранных языков медицинского факультета, откуда в 1963 г. перевелся на филологический факультет. Постоянным местом его работы стала кафедра русского языка, где он получил доцентуру (1973), степень доктора наук (1980), звание профессора (1981), а в 1981 г. стал заведующим. Здесь он проработал до своего ухода на пенсию.

ШИРОТА УМА, СИЛА ВООБРАЖЕНИЯ И АКТИВНОСТЬ ДУШИ – ВОТ ЧТО ТАКОЕ ГЕНИЙ (К ЮБИЛЕЮ ЭМИЛИИ АГАФОНОВНЫ БАЛАЛЫКИНОЙ)

Author(s): Lilija Renadovna Akhmerova,Vera Alekseyevna Kosova,Ekaterina Sergeevna Palekha / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2017

This paper marks the birth anniversary of Doctor of Philology, Honored Scholar of the Republic of Tatarstan Emiliya Agafonovna Balalykina (b. 1937). Her long research and teaching work is associated mainly with the Kazan University. However, E.A. Balalykina is also a very famous researcher far beyond the borders of Russia. Her studies on language history, modern Russian language, and comparative linguistics are distinguished for an innovative approach to the analyzed linguistic phenomena, as well as by the profundity and importance of the obtained results. Here, an attempt has been made to describe the life of an extraordinary person by offering an insight into the main periods and events of her life, to show the profundity of her research results in Russian (modern and historical) and comparativehistorical word formation. At the Balto-Slavic background (with involvement of all Slavic languages and Lithuanian language, which is most valuable for such comparison), the key reasons for affinity of the languages at the level of word formation, which is often inconsistent with their genetic affinity, were identified, thereby suggesting that certain Slavic and Baltic languages can be divided into groups based on the similarity in the development of adjective formation types. The origin of certain adjectival morphemes was revealed, which is not in line with the traditional views on this problem. Furthermore, the idea of Professor V.M. Markov on the necessity to single out a new branch of Russian studies, grammatical lexicology, was further developed. To make this idea a reality, the grammatical contradictions in the modern Russian language and the “dead ends” in nominal declension and word formation associated with them were studied. In conclusion, a list of publications (papers, abstracts, and conference proceedings) of the recent 10 years covering the urgent problems of grammar and lexicology and candidate and doctoral dissertations defended under the guidance of E.A. Balalykina has been provided. The main areas of research of E.A. Balalykina and her followers have been discussed: Russian and comparative-historical word formation, semantic word formation, enantiosemy, grammatical lexicology. E.A. Balalykina has been characterized as a brilliant lecturer and speaker, good organizer, talented and loyal leader, skillful storyteller, wise mentor, and strong human with a kind heart.

ШЛЯХИ, ХАРАКТЕР ТА ТИПИ ЗАПОЗИЧЕНЬ З УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ В МОВУ РОСІЙСЬКУ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ СЛОВНИКА ЖИВОЇ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ В. ДАЛЯ)

Author(s): Tatiana Kosmeda,Halyna Namachynska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 02/2019

The article focuses on the borrowings types from the Ukrainian language into the Russian one based on the analysis of V. Dahl Dictionary of the Russian language. The direct and indirect borrowings, the cognate borrowings, lexical, lexical-semantic borrowings and their semantic types; the borrowings that became the facts of the Russian literary language and the ones that enriched the Russian language as the dialect words have been singled out. The Ukrayinisms enriched the passive stratum of the Russian language because they nominate the archaisms as well as the active stratum of the Russian language taking into account the stylistic diversity and the diversity of style, representing the direct and indirect nominations.

Штрихи к лингвистическому портрету А. М. Пешковского в контексте научной полемики его времени

Author(s): Oleg Victorovich Nikitin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

This paper reveals little-known episodes from A. Peshkovsky’s scientific biography and analyses some fragments of his books and articles in the 1920s and 1930s that became the focus of linguistic discussions and showed ambiguous ideological situation in the science of that time. Special attention is paid to the formation of A. Peshkovsky as a linguist and methodist. His first works on “school and scientific grammar” that laid the foundations of the modern approach to the study of the theory and practice of syntax are analysed. It is noted that the studies by A. Peshkovsky teetered at the level of implementing the ideas of the old Moscow linguistic school of academicians Fortunatov and Shakhmatov, while gravitating toward the insight of A. Potebnya and yet showing at the same time a different way of understanding grammatical ideas. The author claims that A. Peshkovsky went from the traditional diachronic analysis in the direction of the formal approach, while not abandoning “the psychological perception of the word”. A. Peshkovsky, a reformer taking a stand in his search and linguistic experiments against the Marrist and tunnel-visioned understanding of the tasks of Soviet linguistics and methodological science, was subjected to unfair criticism for his stance. The discussions that took place at that time testify to the consistency and scientific integrity of the scientist’s views in the era of the struggle against “eclecticism”, “formalism”, and “incorrigible Indo-Europeanism”. The paper presents some instances of correspondence disputes by V. Voloshinov and M. Bakhtin with A. Peshkovsky on the issues in relationship of grammar and stylistics. His opponents believed that “grammar detached from the semantic and stylistic side of speech inevitably degenerates into scholasticism”. Drawing on materials from archives and personal collection, the author of this paper gives unique facts of the lexicographical activity of A. Peshkovsky in the early 1920s related to his work on the explanatory dictionary of the Russian literary language (not published). The closing part of the paper analyses the dispute between L. Timofeev and A. Peshkovsky. It is stated that “the new theory of the rhythm of prose” by A. Peshkovsky and his works on psychophonetics caused an ambiguous reaction in the philological community and contributed to the activation of research seeking for a “system of division of prose into units” and other experiments on the study of literary texts. Consideration is also given to the works by A. Peshkovsky in the 1930s, in which the scientist solved new problems in the field of formal characteristics of words and word combinations, wrote about the functioning of literary speech as well as the role of intonation in the formation of the syntactic structure of the sentence. Emphasis is laid on the originality and experimental character of many theses by A. Peshkovsky further developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.

Щафетни въпроси в спонтанната устна реч

Author(s): Ivelina Savova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The paper deals with the so called relay questions – interrogative sequences formed by occurring of more than one interrogative utterance in a close proximity. The study discusses the structure, semantics and function of those sequences in spontaneous daily speech. The use of the relay questions is motivated by the specific conditions of a communicative situation and the strategies for achieving communicative goals.

ЭВФЕМИЗМЫ В ПРЕПОДАВАНИИ РУССКОГО КАК ИНОСТРАННОГО

Author(s): Zulfiya Şahin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 15/2017

The article is devoted to euphemisms of Russian language and their role in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language. Orientation of modern teaching of Russian language as a foreign language on the speech competence implies not only formal mastering of the language grammar, but also mastery of lexico-semantic associations and specific layers of Russian vocabulary. Today, euphemisms, like a layer of specific vocabulary of the Russian language, are out of the spotlight of linguists involved in the methodology of Russian as a foreign language. The absence of such an important component of the modern communication as euphemisms in the presses of teaching Russian distances students from the ultimate goal of studying Russian as a foreign language - an equal participation in the communicative process with native speakers.The article focuses on the role of euphemisms in the formation of the speech competence of Turkish students studying Russian language. Along with this, in order to build competence of right interpretation of euphemisms among students studying Russian, an attempt was made to find a methodological approach to the explanation of the theme. The article includes an attempt of explanation of euphemisms from the structural approach.

Экклезионимы в памятниках древнерусской письменности

Author(s): Ludmila Sertaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2014

The article analyses Old Russian texts of XI - XVII centuries. It reveals what forms are taken by eccliseonims as a type of religious vocabulary in the process of functioning in written speech. The article also discusses the interaction of oral and written speech in the Middle Ages

Экономные, как немцы. Национальные стереотипы и их отражение в коннотациях этнонимов в русском и других языках

Author(s): Björn Hansen / Language(s): Russian Issue: VIII/2006

The contribution deals with ethnonyms and their relationship to ethnic stereotypes withspecial focus on Russian and some other European languages. It addresses both methodologicaland theoretical questions. First, it advocates the use of large electronic corpora for the study ofstereotypical usages of ethnonyms and demonstrates how a corpus of linguistic data can enhancethe study of stereotypes encoded in linguistic structures. Second, it addresses the relationshipbetween mental stereotypes in the sense of Adam Schaff and semantic associations (connotations)encoded in polysemy, derivates and idiomatic expressions. It is argued that although many connotationsindeed do reflect ethnic stereotypes, we can find other cases where the connection is onlyindirect or has faded away completely. The author comes to the conclusion that notwithstandinga considerable overlap connotations and tereotypes are not identical and, therefore, should be keptapart.

Экспериментально-фонетическое иИсследование вокализма первого слога в ваховском диалекте хантыйского языка

Author(s): Polina I. Li / Language(s): Russian Issue: 01 (32)/2019

This article presents the results of the experimental phonetic research of the vowels in the first syllable in the Vakh dialect of Khanty. The research was based on the field materials collected by the author in the village of Korliki (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug— Yugra). This material was then processed using the Praat speech analysis software. Qualitative and quantitative features of the processed vowel are cited.

Экспрессивные конструкции и валентности оценочных существительных

Author(s): Galina Ivanovna Kustova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

Two types of expressive (exclamative) constructions are considered: (a) propositional constructions: Ты не представляешь, как я испугался!; ‘You have no idea how scared I am!’; (b) evaluative constructions: Ужас как я испугался!. ‘How frightened I was!’. Both constructions include an exclamative (expressive) clause (Ужас как я испугался! ‘How frightened I was!’) and a frame component: (a) Ty ne predstavlyaesh’ ‘Ты не представляешь / Ты не знаешь’ ‘you do not know’ and others, (b) ужас ‘horror’, беда‘trouble’, прелесть ‘lovely’, чудо ‘miracle’, не могу ‘I can’t’, сил нет ‘I have no strength’ and others. In construction (a), the mental verb has a syntactic propositional valency, which is filled with a subordinate clause. In construction (b), a similar clause is not subordinate, the frame component (ужас ‘horror’, беда ‘trouble’, прелесть ‘lovely’, чудо ‘miracle’) has no syntactic propositional valency. Arguments: evaluative words subordinate clauses with conjunctions, but not with relative pronouns: Ужас в том, что он плохо учится‘The horror is that he studies poorly’ vs. *Ужас в том, как он плохо учится ‘The horror is how poorly he studies’; other framework components of the evaluative construction (не могу ‘I cannot’, cf.: Есть кашу – не мог ‘I want to eat – I can’t’; sil net ‘I have no strength’; interjections Ah, Uh) do not have propositional valency in the form of a subordinate clause at all. The construction (b) was formed as a result of moving evaluative component from postposition to preposition: Как я испугался Ужас!→Ужас как я испугался. ‘How frightened I was!’. The final phase of the evolution of frame components in expressive constructions is interjection.

Эмоционально-экспрессивные оттенки значений библейских фразеологизмов в российской литературе и публицистике

Author(s): Eugenia Maksimowicz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 21/2017

Russian phraseology concentrates the huge opulence of linguistic devices, which shape the expressive and emotional nature of the language as well as influence its ethnic uniqueness. As components of the phraseological layer of the Russian language, idioms of biblical origin are marked emotionally, expressively and stylistically. These idioms reflect the world of human emotions and confirm the expressive potential of the language units. The emotional-expressive shades of meaning of the idioms of biblical genesis are extensively presented in different varieties of spoken language, literature and journalism.

Эпистолярность «Писем русского путешественника» Н. М. Карамзина

Author(s): Denise Atanaszova-Szokolova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1-4/2000

The aim of the article is to define the genre of Karamzin’s epistle and to point out its characteristics. The Karamzinian “mirror-metaphor” becomes distinct in the epistle. This metaphor depicts the peculiarities of relationship between European and Russian cultures. This is the metaphor of the so-called “empathic understanding” (Bakhtin) and watching yourself through someone else’s eyes. Letters describe the homogeneous European culture through various aspects: duality of space and time (the interrelated chronotopoi of “home” and “way”); the synthesis of public and personal (addressing not only friends, but readers also); the everyday life and the historical aspect; the simultaneity of the constructive elements of written and spoken language. Furthermore, it reflects the combination of the the conversation of the highly educated Russians of the late 18th century and extreme richness of the Russian language. This is a result of an orientation towards the contemporary Western European linguistic situation, which creates a new style of literary writing. Those ideas and tendencies appear for the first time in the epistle. Later it becomes the essence of Karamzin’s art, and influences the future literature and culture.

Эстетическая значимость цветообозначений красного тона в языковой картине мира А. Мицкевича

Author(s): Roza Alimpieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: VIII/2003

Podjęty w niniejszym artykule opis poetyki Adama Mickiewicza opiera się na bogatym materiale zarówno w warstwie leksykalnej, jak i gramatycznej. Najbardziej ścisłe związki semantyczne określenia odcie­ nia czerwieni ujawniają się w mikropolu „człowiek” i jego segmentach „twarz”, „wargi” itd. Z nimi koreluje reprezentacja odcienia czerwieni jako koloru przedmiotów i zjawisk flory i fauny. Analiza pod tym kątem wykazała, że myślenie poetyckie Adama Mickiewicza o odcieniu czer­ wieni realizuje się w jego poetyce w ścisłym związku z innymi koloro­ wymi i niekolorowymi fragmentami tego systemu.

ЭСТЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ИМЁН ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ В ЯЗЫКЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ПРОЗЫ А.С. СЕРАФИМОВИЧА

Author(s): Kamily Eduardovna Sadrieva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

The paper analyzes the aesthetic meaning of adjectives in A.S. Serafimovich’s prose. The most typical groups of adjectives are singled out based on their semantic and functional features, which are analyzed considering the main idea and problems of the prose works, as well as the author’s view of the world. Special attention is paid to the syntagmatic relations between adjectives and dependent nouns. The influence of a particular linguistic context on the semantic and emotional contents of adjectives is investigated. The semantic relations between parts of complex words are discussed. Occasionalisms used by A.S. Serafimovich are distinguished.

ЭТНОЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ФИТОНИМОВ С КОМПОНЕНТОМ КУРИЦА/HUHN В РУССКОМ И НЕМЕЦКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ

Author(s): Elizabeta Jurievna Moiseeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2015

This paper is the first to comparatively analyze Russian and German plant names derived from the noun курица/Huhn. The analysis is based on studying the nominational features of plant names and involves the ethnocultural data on 56 plant names derived from the Russian noun курица and 124 phytonyms with the German component Huhn. The nominational features of Russian and German plant names have proven to be generally quite similar to some peculiar motivations. The ethnocultural idea of hen as a symbol of feminine and fertility is also expressed by the analyzed plant names in both Russian and German languages. A number of Russian and German phytonyms should be recognized as corrupt or reanalyzed forms. The reasons for their motivational uncertainty could vary from changes in the folk etymology up to mistakes made by the authors of botanical dictionaries. The nominational features of some plant names need further studying.

Этнонимы в русских и польских лексикографических работах

Author(s): Leonarda Dacewicz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 14/2014

Comparative analysis of Russian and Polish ethnonyms shows both similarities and distinctions of lexical strata in these cognate Slavic languages. One of the reasons of discrepancy in Russian and Polish ethnonymical vocabularies is different suffixes, which are used in ethnonyms formation. The most productive suffix in Russian is -ец, in Polish – -czyk. There are ethnonyms in the dictionaries of the Russian language but there are not ones in the dictionaries of the Polish language (for instance, Słownik języka polskiego, red. M. Szymczak). There are three grammatical forms of Russian ethnonyms (forms of masculine and feminine gender and the plural form) and two forms of Polish equivalents (only the forms of masculine and feminine gender) in Russian-Polish Dictionaries. It is difficult to form the plural of less known Polish ethnonyms. One have to find these forms in special dictionaries (Słownik nazw własnych).

Юбилейно за Синтия Вакарелийска

Author(s): Slavka Keremidchieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2011