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This paper tackles the so called “rhyme transfer”, which is a phenomenon, specific to translations of Russian rhymed poetry into Bulgarian. Different means of transferring the rhymes from the original poetic text to the translated text are discussed. Special attention is paid to the problemsof retaining the type of the verse endings and the phonetic exactness of rhymes.
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Bulgarian dialectologists live with the myth that today’s village is similar to the old patriarchal settlement in which there is no socialculture. Therefore, they believe that classical dialectological research methods and ways of description are still valid. This paper argues that the modern Bulgarian village has undergone considerable change and its language can be studied only by sociolinguistic methods.
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The article explores how the grammatical forms of the predicate can be dependent on the level of politeness in modern Bulgarian and Polish. The sentences of two levels of communication – informal and formal – are compared. The author establishes general similarities between the forms of the predicate on the informal level but discovers considerable dissimilarities in formal styles which should be taken into consideration when evaluating the level of politeness in Polish.
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In the article the questions of display are considered colloquial on the example of correlation of functional-stylistic markers the „colloquial – poetry“, the „colloquial – scientific character“, the „colloquial – official business“. The peculiarities of controversial issues in the study of oral and conversational speech areas in Slavic languages. A theory of conversational-style domestic literary language as a source of the elements of spoken in other genre and stylistic conditions of communication.
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The text analyses some particular features of the culture of the Antiquity and their projections into Western art, more specifically the ideas of love and happiness, of the artist/creator, of the roles of women in society and art. By tracing literary examples from the Antiquity, as well as literary historiography I will highlight the stable lines of representation which have also fed into the topos of West European imaginary – the image of the woman artist/creator (Sappho, Corinna), the myth of the male artist/creator and his model – “muse” (Kampaspa, Phryne, Lais, Aspasia, Cynthia, Fornarina), the myth of Pygmalion and Galatea.
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The present study examines some cases of functional substitution of non-affricate with affricate obstruents in the oral practice of the French language, some of its diatopic and diastratic variations, as well as the manifestation of this process in the Bulgarian language. The study finds that the affrication concerns only the plosive obstruents ([t], [d], [k], [g]) in the French language, while the affrication in the Bulgarian language is observed both with plosive ([t], [d]) and fricative obstruents ([c], [з], [ш], [ж]). The terms ‚direct‘ and ‚indirect affrication‘ are introduced. The study analyzes the phonetic causes of the substitution process under consideration.
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The author uses the study of the axiological systems of the Russian, Bulgarian and Romanian paremiological pictures of the world based on proverbs with ‘good–evil’ components and their synonyms as a framework for researching proverbs and sayings of Bessarabian immigrants who have lived in a foreign Russian-Romanian ethnical context for over 200 years. This article describes and presents in a comparative way some Russian, Bulgarian and Romanian proverbs with the components ‘good–evil’ and their synonyms, obtained as a result of continuous sampling of the most complete representative sources. The author brings forward statistical characteristics of arrays paired with observations upon the universal and nationally specific traits at the conceptual, structural and discursive levels. Some entry-level comparative interpretation is carried out, building upon the Russian, Bulgarian and Romanian paremiological ideas about the essence of such categories as ‘good’ and ‘evil’, as well as the balance between these categories and the expected reactions to good and evil.
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The study outlines some of the problems related to the description of foreign elements in cognate languages from the Polish dictionary i.e. Słownik wileński. In borderland areas there are differences specific to Polish, Belorussian, Ukrainian and Russian languages, which come from the Proto-Slavic language community. The article proposes to interpret and specify the semantics of separate lexemes functioning in the eastern borderlands during the 19th century.
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The report explores the current tendencies in creating copywriting texts in the Internet, as well as their similarities and differences with informal, verbal communication. The report provides a definition of the copywriting text and its functions in the media environment and studies the tendencies in the creation of written informal texts. Based on this research, can be outlined three tendencies in the creation of copywriting texts. First – a tendency towards minimizations, characterized by an elision of sounds, short sentences and abbreviations. Second – a tendency towards excess, characterized by the use of multiple figures of speech and repetitions. Third – a tendency towards uniqueness, characterized by informal language, digraphia (in Cyrillic and Latin) and extensive use of internet jargon.
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The article analyses the reduplication from the type of laptops-maptops that we can come across in the modern speech practice. It divides the neologisms in four semantic groups, comments on the model and their use. It also makes a general comparison with such examples in Russian, Turkish and Afghanistan languages.
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Idioms containing ethnonyms found in the dialects of Bulgarian villages in Bessarabia, Ukraine, are analyzed in the article. An attempt to find equivalents in the lexicographic sources in Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian phraseology was made. The frequency of their use was studied, as well as the degree of the motivation for their nomination in the following classification.
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In the present paper the problems of the stylization of the oral communication in a literary text are interpreted. The observations upon the works of modern Bulgarian authors aim at determining the preferable means of stylization. In the first place the characteristics of the direct and inner speech are studied to this end, that the boundary between oral and written communication is overcome in these speech forms.
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This article analyses the registered uses of the noun gusto in the informal speech, as well as its derivative verbs. The observation is focused on the impersonal structures of the sentence, in which these lexemes are used. An attempt has been made to describe the different (compared to the codified formal language) meaning, with which they are used in the habitual communication.
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The nature of ijekavian yat reflexes and by the same token, of stresses, still poses a scientific problem. Most recordings of the long yat reflexes so far are based on auditive perceptions. Founding the research on a computer experiment, this paper describes and defines the nature of the rising intonation stresses and the phonetic value of the long yat substitutes. The informants are intellectuals reliable representatives of literary (i)jekavism.
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At the end of the 1980s some German Romanists initiated a discussion about the concepts of standard, nonstandard and substandard. The German linguist Zoya Kyoster-Thoma brings the discussion into the context of the modern Russian linguistic reality. In this way, she introduces new frameworks for the study of appearance in the Russian language that have not so far been the subject of special research. These frameworks are the subject of analysis in the present study.
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In this contrastive study on interjections and onomatopoeic expressions in Bulgarian and Russian, I propose a field principle for the organisation of units serving as interjections based on a relevant functional-semantic field. The classification, mixed in nature, is founded on a structural principle (simple and complex interjections) and takes into account the origin of the units under consideration (primary non-derivative and secondary derivative interjections). Within the scope of this classification, a more detailed division based on semantic and functional principles is proposed. The field of interjections is polycentric, with a core consisting of prototypical emotional interjections and onomatopoeic words and expressions, and a periphery comprising other lexical-grammatical groups of interjections – imperatives, directives, vocatives, wishes, exclamations and other formulas used during worship, as well as multiword expressions – idioms, collocations and sentences – that gradually blend into other types of written and spoken language units.
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During three decades of Ukraine's independence, Ukrainian has held the official status as the country's sole state language, but there have been significant shifts in the legally designated statuses and uses of other languages. Language regulation has been contentious, and there has been much complexity, ambiguity, and contradiction in language laws. The aim of this paper is to present an overarching view of the trajectory of language regulation since 1989, by examining the languages that are named and the language categories that are listed in Ukraine's key language laws. References to languages by name include terms such as Ukrainian, Russian, English, and Ukrainian Sign Language. Language categories refer to aspects of sociopolitical status, such as state language, minority language, language of international communication, and language of European Union countries. Omissions, when particular languages are not named, or when a language category implies exclusion of certain languages, are also significant. This analysis compares the laws of 1989, 2012, and 2019, which focus specifically on language regulation, along with the language regulating portions of the 1996 Constitution. While much has been written on language politics in Ukraine, this analysis presents a lens through which to view the major shifts in language law. While there are some consistent features across all four documents examined, terms that are unique to given laws highlight key shifts in ideologies of language regulation.
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The object of analysis in the proposed article is the names of the Transcarpathian settlements of Galabor, Hrushevo, Dragovo, Kushtanovitsa, Nyagovo, isei, Peshnhera, and its subject - the various South Slavic (Bulgarian) linguistic elements in the Transcarpathian region. The position and role of South Slavic (Bulgarian) language elements of Ukrainian Transcarpathia toponymicon, primarily in the names of settlements, are identified.
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