Język i liturgia słowiańska u zarania chrystianizacji Polski – dawne i nowsze fakty, hipotezy, dyskusje

Author(s): Stanisław Koziara / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

This paper attempts to look synthetically at the current state of research concerning the contentious issue of the presence of Slavonic language and liturgy in the early period of the Christianization of the Polish lands. Most of the attention has been paid to philological and historical arguments which have been provided so far in the course of this discussion. The author has classified a variety of old and recent opinions and hypotheses concerning this topic into three categories of attitudes: confirming, negating, or referring to the issue by way of compromise. The final part of the paper deals with those attitudes which tend towards redirecting the discussion on the presence and range of Slavonic language and liturgy in Poland to a broader context of religious and cultural heritage of the mission carried out by Saints Cyril and Methodius, the Apostles of the Slavs.

Mám doma kočku a mám ji rád! Ale jak ji pojmenovat? aneb o felionymech ve srovnávací perspektivě (na materiálu českého, slovenského a polského jazyka)

Author(s): Agnieszka Kołodziej / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2023

This article explores a phenomenon in zoonymy, i.e. the naming of animals. It studies the names of cats, the species which, alongside dogs, accounts for the majority of domestic animals in both cities and the countryside. What is more, cats do win much human affection. The analyses conducted are synchronous and comparative; the study focuses on research material from three West-Slavic languages, Czech, Slovak and Polish. The corpus of felionyms comprises 330 unique cat names, each language contributing 110 entries. All the names described refer to urban cats. The analytical part of the article is preceded by a number of observations focusing on terminology and the existing research on the subject. The classification of cat names comprises three categories: I. Indirectly motivated felionyms; II. Directly motivated felionyms; and III. Felionyms with multiple motivations. Categories I and II branch out into additional sub-categories. The most productive motivations for the cat names include: the colour of the fur on a part or the entirety of the cat’s body; size; corpulence; hairiness; pragmatic aspects; names and/or surnames of characters from television, films, literature and songs; and commemorative and birthday names. Among the least productive categories, one may enumerate temporal names; matro- and patronymic names; toponyms; and chrematonyms. The vast majority (almost 80%) of the names in the corpus can be treated as metaphoric transfers. The remaining cases can be considered word-forming derivations, mainly formed through the addition of a suffix.

Vývoj gramatické kompetence u českého dítěte

Author(s): Pavla Chejnová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2023

The article summarizes the main tendencies in a Czech monolingual child’s development of morphology and syntax, then compares the results with those found in foreign research. After analyzing the authentic utterances of the child, the article presents universal strategies for acquiring grammatical categories and illustrates specificities of Czech. There are universal tendencies in first language acquisition, such as the sequence of acquiring nominal cases and the interrelation between certain verbal categories. Hypergeneralization is another universal tendency. Grammatical development is linked to cognitive development and pragmatic competence — children express what they need using the language means available, thus the linguistic means necessary to express immediate needs develop faster. The influence of cognitive and pragmatic factors also manifests in syntactic development. The research shows that the cognitive load of the structure — the mental processes needed to produce the utterance — is more important than the formal structure of the sentence.

Заметки о числительных в славянских языках

Author(s): Steven Franks / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2000

Kreowanie wizerunku Polaków i Polski w twórczości patriotycznej Władysława Grodeckiego

Author(s): Jadwiga Grunwald / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Władysław Grodecki (1942–2018) was one of Poland’s most famous 20th century travelers. Due to his constant promotion of Polish culture and history abroad, the Polish press came to label him as the „wandering Polish ambassador”. In his homeland he was also valued as a committed promulgator of knowledge about Poland and the world. He constantly strove to create a positive image of Poles and Poland. These aspirations are particularly clearly reflected in Grodecki’s journalistic work. The purpose of this article is to examine the linguistic efforts that Grodecki used in his journalistic work to create a positive image of Poles and Poland. The analysis of the material is made with the use of linguistic tools including pragmalinguistics, the speech act theory. Following Grodecki’s texts, one can notice a certain specificity, the essence of which is the dominance of positive, approving and even praising actions. The stylistic means used to create a positive vision of the world include comparison, hyperbole, and metaphor. In this way, Poles are presented as beautiful, talented, honest people, and who love and miss their homeland. Meanwhile, Poland itself is portrayed as a country of beautiful nature and monuments, of delicious and healthy cuisine as well as of fascinating history.

Универбизацията в най-новото славянско словообразуване (върху материал от българския, руския и чешкия език)

Author(s): Diana Blagoeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2003

„Buchnąć z futrówy”, „odpypić z ponsy”, czyli o słownictwie dotyczącym ściągania w gwarze uczniowskiej z przełomu XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Jarosław Grzegorz Pacuła / Language(s): Polish Issue: 37/2021

The article presents the history of the student jargon. The author describes the vocabulary used in the period: second-half the 19th century – first half the 20th century; the lexis belongs to the thematic category „cheating”. In the text the reader gets to know theses: 1) the lexis discussed is the root cause of one of the most extensive lexical-semantic categories of the student jargon in the post-partition period (after the period of the Partitions of Poland); 2) in former student language a shared store of the vocabulary exists – this group is independent of the administrative dependence of schools; 3) we notice much former vocabulary in the contemporary jargon; 4) we will notice jargon words in the general Polish in the 19th century; 7) we can see the participation of criminal jargon from the 19th century.

Multiculturalism of the Cieszyn Silesia Borderland and the Identity of an Individual

Author(s): Jana Raclavská,Jiří Muryc / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2022

Jednym z ważnych czynników spajających grupę etniczną jest język. Z tego punktu widzenia należy podkreślić, że na terenie historycznego Księstwa Cieszyńskiego mogliśmy w przeszłości odnotować obecność członków narodowości polskiej, czeskiej i niemieckiej, a w mniejszym stopniu żydowskiej, słowackiej, rusińskiej i wołoskiej. Historia polityczna tego regionu była niezwykle ciekawa – zmiana obywatelstwa nie była niczym niezwykłym, a co za tym idzie, zmieniał się również język mówiony i urzędowy. Na przestrzeni wieków jako języków urzędowych używano łaciny, niemieckiego, czeskiego i polskiego. Jeśli chodzi o obecne użycie standardowych odmian języka, to formalnie używa się czeskiego, polskiego i w mniejszym stopniu słowackiego. Pod względem dialektów grupa ta należy do południowej podgrupy dialektów śląskich, których większość znajduje się na terenie Polski.

Semantics of Phrasemes Defining Interpersonal Relations in the Hebrew and Polish Linguistic Image of the World (Based on the Material from the Books of Prophets)

Author(s): Jolanta Szarlej / Language(s): English Issue: 39/2022

In the course of her research, the Authoress aims to show the fundamental differences in the way the linguistic image of the world is constructed in different languages (here: Polish and Classical Hebrew) at the level of syntactic structures. This component of the linguistic image of the world less frequently constitutes the object of research in the Polish cognitive tradition than, for example, lexis, which is why the Authoress considers the collected phrasemes and the meanings they convey to be particularly worth highlighting. The linguistic material that forms the basis for the research comes from the part of the Hebrew Bible called Nübî´îm, and the syntactic structures themselves are selected from the biblical material with the noun vyai ´iš, which defines man in the Bible as an individual. The structures presented here, built from a combination of the nouns xa', [;re, vyai and the prepositions B., l., l[;, la,, ta,, K. express complex and varied interpersonal relations: there are many images of closeness, cooperation, care, unanimity, but also feuds, conflicts, ruthless struggle and rivalry, with which the history of Israel was marked. Semantically, they complement the linguistic image of the intricate interpersonal relationships portrayed on the pages of the Bible.

Perspektywa aksjologiczna w Wypisach polskich Stanisława Tarnowskiego i Franciszka Próchnickiego

Author(s): Małgorzata Gajak-Toczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2019

The purpose of the article is to present the world of values inscribed in Polish Extracts for the classes of lower secondary and real schools by Stanisław Tarnowski and Franciszek Próchnicki. After discussing the structure of the school textbook, there were presented ways of creating of the autors’ biographies with the presentation of their didactic message. Then attention was focused on the characteristics of the writers by Tarnowski. The statement ends with considerations that are the answer to the question to what extent the comments of the Krakow professor in Extracts… met the assumptions of such publications.

Инфильтрация белорусизмов и регионализмов в польскоязычные и русскоязычные тексты на отдельных некрополях северо-запада современной Беларуси в ХІХ – первой половине ХХ в. (система вокализма)

Author(s): Taciana Ivanitskaja / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

The aim of the paper is to study the repetitive texts recorded on inscriptions from Catholic, Orthodox and multi-faith cemeteries in northwestern Belarus, with an emphasis on the contacts between the languages existing in these areas, by the method of linguistic analysis. The author presents the types of influence of the Belarusian and regional phonetic features on the vocalic system of Polish- and Russian-language tombstone inscriptions. It has been proved that the process of the infiltration of the Belarusian and regional phonetic features has general and specific attributes, and the area of their distribution depended on the overall literacy at that time.

Languages in the communication of deaf people: Czech Sign Language and Czech

Author(s): Jana Grohmannová / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2021

Review of: Macurová, A.; Zbořilová, R. a kol. Jazyky v komunikaci neslyšících: český znakový jazyk a čeština. Praha: Karolinum, 2018. ISBN 978-80-246-3412-8

Internacjonalizacja w słowotwórstwie polszczyzny przełomu XX i XXI wieku jako przykład jednostronnych kontaktów językowych

Author(s): Krystyna Waszakowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 75/2019

The article attempts to provide an answer to the questions concerning dimensions and aspects of morphological phenomena which result from the internationalization of the Polish lexical stock, both at the turn of the 21th century and in recent years. The main objective of the paper is to show how new foreign loans influence the formation of (i) new loan-based complex derivatives, (ii) new compound expressions that are becoming more dominant, and (iii) new types of hybrid lexical items. The current tendency to undergo internationalization is viewed by the author as inextricably bound with “linguistic globalization” processes, which finds its confirmation in modern European languages, including Slavic languages.

Profesor Mirosław Skarżyński (26 VIII 1952–23 VIII 2019)

Author(s): Janina Labocha,Maciej Rak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 75/2019

In MemoriamProfesor Mirosław Skarżyński (26 VIII 1952–23 VIII 2019).

Zu den Quellen der sprachwissenschaftlichen Terminologie im Deutschen mit Berücksichtigung des Polnischen und Russischen: Forschungsmethodologie und Begriffsbasis

Author(s): Michail L. Kotin / Language(s): German Issue: 76/2020

The paper deals with selected aspects of the influence of foreign terminology and borrowings from everyday language as well as from other terminological systems on linguistics. Since linguistics is a relatively young branch of scientific research, it has been strongly and consequently influenced by other sciences and their terms throughout its development as an autonomous field of research. On the other hand, a specific feature of linguistics in comparison to other spheres of human knowledge is its mixed character, since it describes both universal and relative (language-specific) properties of language systems. For this reason, terms borrowed from Latin, Greek or other languages can never completely cover the phenomena found in German, Russian, Polish etc. Nevertheless, borrowed terms undoubtedly can adequately describe different properties of other languages, if we understand them exclusively as conventionalized etiquettes in which the internal transparency of their morphological form does not play a decisive part.

LXXVII Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego W Roku 2021

Author(s): Krystyna Data / Language(s): Polish Issue: 77/2021

W dniach 13–15 września 2021 roku odbył się LXXVIII Zjazd Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego, zorganizowany w Akademii im. Jakuba z Paradyża w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim, który (w związku z sytuacją związaną z zapobieganiem, przeciwdziałaniem i zwalczaniem COVID-19 (Dz. U. z 2020 r., poz. 511 ze zm.), został przeniesiony z września 2020 roku i odbył się formie hybrydowej. Głównym organizatorem Zjazdu była prof. Elżbieta Skorupska-Raczyńska Rektor AJP. Obrady odbywały się w budynku przy ul. Chopina 52 w Auli im. prof. Stanisława Kirkora. Zjazd otworzyli: prof. Piotr Stalmaszczyk (on line), prof. Rafał L. Górski, Prezydent Miasta Gorzowa Wielkopolskiego Jacek Wójcicki i JM Rektor AJP prof. dr hab. Elżbieta Skorupska-Raczyńska. Przewodniczący Zarządu PTJ prof. Piotr Stalmaszczyk podziękował władzom uczelni za podjęcie się całościowej organizacji Zjazdu i poniesienie kosztów. Zjazd nie mógłby się odbyć bez tej pomocy, tym bardziej, że przyszło go organ

Zachowane elementy dialektalne we frazeologii rosyjskiej gwary staroobrzędowców regionu suwalsko-augustowskiego

Author(s): Magdalena Grupa-Dolińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The aim of the article is to present dialectal elements preserved in the phraseological stock of the Russian dialect of the Old Believers living in the Suwałki-Augustów region. The Old Believers arrived in the Polish territories about two centuries ago. Upon arrival they used the Russian dialect which belonged to the Novgorod-Pskov type (western type of Central Russian dialect). Many dialectal elements such as specific lexemes and morphological features have survived in their traditional dialect since then, despite increasing influence of the Polish language. The current study focuses on the phraseological stock of the dialect because within the structure of phraseological units there are not only con temporary words but also archaic components. Thus, it is a valuable source of knowledge about linguistic features of the language in question.

Palatalne spółgłoski wargowe w wygłosie. Reminiscencje pod wpływem postaci (orto)graficznych w słowniku języka polskiego i rosyjskiego z końca XIX w.

Author(s): Jolanta Mędelska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Lexis with a final labial-palatal consonant was excerpted from a Polish-Russian and Russian-Polish dictionary published in Warsaw in the 1870s. The set contains about 80 units attested by about 230 occurrences. These are mainly nouns of the gołąb’ or kotew’ type, as well as numerals ośm’ and siedm’ and a few imperative forms, e.g. mów’. The study found that there is chaos characteristic of the 19th c. in the diacritization of final consonants. This issue – despite the hardening of the relevant consonants in the pronunciation of the majority of educated speakers of Polish – was finally regulated as late as in the 1890s. The Polish-Russian part of the dictionary seems to reflect the theoretical norm, the RussianPolish part – the usage, i.e. the abandonment of diacritization, disrupted by the awareness of the existence of rules imposing the use of redundant diacriticized letters.

John Stanley, Brian O’Keeffe, Radegundis Stolze, Larisa Cercel (eds): Cognition and Comprehension in Translational Hermeneutics

Author(s): Beata Piecychna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Review of: John Stanley, Brian O’Keeffe, Radegundis Stolze, Larisa Cercel (eds): Cognition and Comprehension in Translational Hermeneutics. Zeta Books. Bucharest 2021, ss. 521.

Wybrane ludowe wierzenia o zwierzętach domowych w polskiej frazeologii

Author(s): Olga Kielak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

Extending the boundaries of linguistic description by including the so-called “peri-linguistic” data, as practised in ethnolinguistic research, the paper analyses selected phraseological units with an animal component (expressions, nominal phrases and comparative expressions) and situates them in a broader cultural context. The examples selected for analysis demonstrate that phraseological expressions – constituting hard linguistic data which enable the “certification of features” – through the reconstructions of linguo-cultural representations provide access to “soft” (folkloristic and ethnographic) data. In addition, the conducted analyses confirm the prevalent opinion that phraseological units are an excellent source for research into traditional culture; they also encourage interdisciplinary research (at the border of linguistics and ethnography).