Lehçe Ve Makedonca’ya Yönelik Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma -Lehçe Ve Makedonca’da Adlar-

Author(s): Seda Köycü / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 155/2012

The Slavic languages which are included in the Indo-European language family are relative languages and they are similar in terms of the phonetic and grammatical structures and vocabulary. In this study which is the first step of a series of studies in which we aim to reveal the main similarities and differences between grammatical structures of Polish language -a west Slavic language- and Macedonian language -a southern Slavic language- by examining the word types, nouns are discussed and studied.

Miloš Dokulil and his theory of productivity in word-formation

Author(s): František Štícha / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2012

The most general concept in Miloš Dokulil’s theory of word-formation is the idea of ‘onomasiological category’. But one of the most cogent parts of his theory, unfortunately one which has left little significant imprint on research in word-formation and its description, is the theory of productivity. In this brief survey, I concentrate on Miloš Dokulil’s distinguishing between empirical productivity and systemic productivity.

Uplatnění částice bohužel (a bohudík) v současné psané publicistice

Author(s): Martin Janečka / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2012

Particles as an inflexible and synsemantic word class have already become a theme of many individual studies. According to the general definition particle indicates a relation of the speaker to the statement, he/she expresses modality of the sentence or emphasizes constituent of a/the sentence. Some of the particles have the validity of sentence, e. g. Ano. Nikoli. Zajisté. So called proper particles cannot stand in the function of another word class: ať, kéž. On the contrary, improper particles can be (according with coocurence) another word class, too: jistě, asi, prý. Goal of this paper is to point in which contexts the particle bohužel, although it is a non-sentence expression, can gain the character of sentence equivalent and which functions its synonyms and antonyms have.

Indikativische Tempora in Inhaltssätzen im Deutschen

Author(s): Marta Koutová / Language(s): German Issue: 6/2012

The article deals with the development of analytic approaches to the use of specific tenses in the indicative mood in German subordinate content clauses, as presented in German linguistics. The author presents the results of her own research based on the examples of subordinate content clauses found in the Mannheim corpus of German texts.According to the latest German scholarship, there are two principles governing the tense distribution in the indicative mood in subordinate content clauses introduced by a verb in the past tense: 1. the perspective of speaker 1, i.e. the point of view of the characters in the story, 2. the perspective of speaker 2, i.e. the point of view of the narrator. The first principle is comparable to the principle governing the use of the tenses in subordinate content clauses in Slavic languages, the second principle is comparable to the sequence of tenses used in English and other Germanic languages. The first principle finds its use more in the spoken or non-standard discourse, the second one is typical for standard German.The present paper focuses on sentences consisting of a past-tense main clause and one embedded content clause that allows the alternation between present tense and preterite (...dass sie schwanger ist vs. ...dass sie schwanger war), as attested in the Mannheim corpus. The analysis essentially confirms the existing approaches and theories but it also brings new findings, which call for adjusting the current views and which pose new questions for more comprehensive corpus-based research.

Široce způsobové vedlejší věty zájmenně-příslovcové

Author(s): Josef Štěpán / Language(s): Czech Issue: 6/2012

The article offers a semantic classification of pronominal-adverb clauses expressing broad manner. The pronoun ten incorporated into the head clause most often by a secondary preposition or as a part of a multiverbation unit anticipates a subordinate clause of broad manner introduced by a pronominal relative adverb. The centre of broad-manner clauses is formed by clauses expressing narrow manner, extent or degree, means, accompanying circumstances. Clauses expressing exception and respect are close to the periphery. The periphery is formed by clauses expressing appropriate action and clauses with a relationship of attachment.

Kapitoly z české gramatiky. Ed. František Štícha. Praha: Academia 2011. 1167 s.

Author(s): Miloslava Sokolová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 6/2012

Korespondenční texty a jejich lingvistické využití

Author(s): Klára Osolsobě / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2012

Od ni přes aniž až k bez toho, aniž by

Author(s): František Štícha / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2010

The article concerns primarily the distribution of the single-word conjunction aniž and its synonyms, which are the compounds bez toho, aby/bez toho, že and the most com-plex form bez toho, aniž by. The author argues that this complex conjunction, which consists of four words (the word aniž itself being, form the historical point of view, a fusion of three words – a – ni – ž), is a problematic innovation in contemporary stan-dard Czech. The reason is that the shorter innovation of bez toho, aby or bez toho, že was invented (or adopted from other languages) after November 1989 to replace the single-word aniž probably for stylistic reasons (aniž being felt as strongly formal or li-terary). Now, the most complex bez toho, aniž by combines the newly used bez toho, aby/že with the formal aniž, which, in fact, should have been replaced by the bez toho, aby/že. a fully non-functional device thus appears within the system of Czech conjuncti-ons and only future usage will determine whether this will be adopted in standard Czech. As the corpus findings show now, the single-word aniž is much more frequent in written standard Czech than both the bez toho, aby/že variant and the most complex bez toho, aniž by.

Miloslava Sokolová: Nový deklinačný systém slovenských substantív.

Author(s): Josef Šimandl / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2010

Українсько-польські синтаксичні паралелі у сучасних мовознавчих дослідженнях

Author(s): Nataliya Mahas / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 9/2021

Reviews of the latest research papers on the comparative syntax of Ukrainian and Polish languages are discussed in the article. The syntactic parallels in two languages are described in the monographic works of famous Slavicists. The analysis of scientific works on syntactic connections of Ukrainian and Polish languages is worked out in monographs, textbooks, numerous articles.

Word-initial /ɨ/~[ɨ] in Polish

Author(s): Alexander Andrason / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The present article examines the accuracy of the widespread opinion according to which Polish entirely lacks a word-initial phoneme or (allo)phone /ɨ/~[ɨ]. After reviewing seventeen nominal, adjectival, interjective, and ideophonic lexemes, the author concludes the following: the word-initial /ɨ/~[ɨ] is attested in Polish; however, it is peripheral from the perspective of the phonological and/or phonetic system of this language.

O powiatach i folwarkach. Kulturowe i lingwistyczne uwarunkowania przekładu wybranych terminów historycznych na język angielski

Author(s): Paulina Wacławik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2021

The article aims to present and analyse a range of problems that arise in translating texts on the history and geography of a particular region. It is illustrated with an array of examples connected to the administrative and social structure divisions in Poland, which are as follows: województwo, powiat, wójt, miasto, folwark, zagrodnik, and komornik. The analysis is twofold and includes the methodological aspects of the translation process and the ontological status of the words and objects they relate to. Three major issues are scrutinised: 1) the divergence and overlap of the categories relating to the local administrative systems, 2) the diversity of the words depending on the location, and 3) their evolution in time. Finally, a uniform way to present all features and reservations necessary to be included in choosing the most appropriate equivalent is proposed and discussed. It is operationalised in the form of a table to account for all the arguments mentioned in the text.

Udział regionów w tworzeniu polskiej terminologii medycznej drugiej połowy XIX wieku

Author(s): Lucyna Agnieszka Jankowiak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article presents the participation of scientists (mainly medical doctors) from Kraków, Warsaw, Lviv and Poznań in the work on Polish medical terminology in the second half of the 19th century, which was reflected in Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej (Dictionary of Polish Medical Terminology, Kraków 1881). An analysis of the careers of the authors of the dictionary and their 32 assistants shows that although most of them were connected with Kraków (studies and/or work), many of them studied abroad and some of them were also connected with Warsaw and/or Lviv. The diverse terminological background of the authors resulted in slight geographical differences that are noticeable in the dictionary material (674 examples). The majority of the examples (668) are synonymous series with terms mainly marked with the label warsz. In principle labels appear with chemical terms (620), which reflects the stage of disputes between the Kraków, Warsaw and Lviv schools. There are rare examples from other medical fields of the time (anatomy, physiology, medical treatment, veterinary medicine).

Lidia Przymuszała, Dorota Świtała-Trybek, Leksykon dziedzictwa kulinarnego Śląska

Author(s): Renata Przybylska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Review of: Renata Przybylska - Lidia Przymuszała, Dorota Świtała-Trybek, Leksykon dziedzictwa kulinarnego Śląska, WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU OPOLSKIEGO, OPOLE 2021, S. 557

Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska, Definiowanie i profilowanie pojęć w (etno)lingwistyce

Author(s): Krystyna Waszakowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Krystyna Waszakowa - Stanisława Niebrzegowska-Bartmińska, Definiowanie i profilowanie pojęć w (etno)lingwistyce, WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU MARII CURIE-SKŁODOWSKIEJ, LUBLIN 2020, S. 547

Czas dojrzewania jako „okres krytyczny” w praktykowaniu języka odziedziczonego. Polski w Niemczech

Author(s): Hanna Pułaczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The subject matter of Hanna Pułaczewska’s article is the impact of adolescence on the use of the Polish language by young people of Polish origin growing up from early childhood in the German city of Regensburg. She presents the results of a study conducted among 30 respondents aged 12–18, which consisted of interviews, surveys, and a language test. The results show how adolescence leads to a decrease in the Polish language’s participation in the lives of teenagers. Pułaczewska examines the difference between the younger and older age groups in the use of Polish language media and the use of Polish in direct contacts with peers in Germany, the relationship between these two aspects, and the impact of other social and linguistic factors on them. Both age and peer relations in Polish have been shown to influence the use of media in the same language. At the same time, peer interactions in Polish were more frequent if parents used it more often in communication with the child. The qualitative part of the study is devoted to the contexts of the use of Polish in a peer group and the motivation to use it. The results have been interpreted from the perspective of the theory of linguistic socialization, i.e., by taking into account developmental psychology’s findings on the period of adolescence. The relative decline in the role of the Polish language in media use in older adolescents has been interpreted as the result of the decreasing influence of parents and the increasing role of peers as role models in personal development during this period of life.

ANALIZA MOTYWACJI, PROBLEMÓW I POTRZEB CHIŃSKICH MŁODSZYCH NAUCZYCIELI JĘZYKA POLSKIEGO JAKO OBCEGO

Author(s): Jing Wang,Huiling Zhang,Yang Cao / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2022

With the dynamic development of Chinese Polish Studies since 2018, there has been a growing demand for teachers of Polish as a foreign language who are native Chinese speakers in the labour market of the People’s Republic of China. Nowadays, almost every Polish language centre at a university has its own teaching staff. Many of them are not only quite modest in terms of staff numbers, but also very young in terms of the age and experience of the teachers. Today, both Polish and Chinese language literature still lacks in-depth research on this specific group of glottodidactics. Therefore, the present study aims at getting to know Chinese junior teachers of Polish as a foreign language working at universities, and to gain knowledge about their motivation for their profession, problems and needs at work. From the questionnaire survey of 23 purposively selected respondents, it can be concluded that the greatest motivation of the respondents was related to students and interests in research and/or teaching. The problems they encountered at work were related to insufficient skills, lack of materials and those caused by the work environment. They are most in need of improved teaching methods and techniques, more and better teaching materials and help from masters in this field.

Ojczyzna i domovina

Author(s): Aleksandar Flaker / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 05+06/2004

Razlika pojmova je ipak bitna. Poljski pojam sugerira naslijeđe otaca, pa odgovara »razlikovnom« pojmu otadžbine, opterećenom negativnim konotacijama (»Za kralja i otadžbinu«), s odgovarajućim ruskim otečestvo (usp. otečestvennaja vojna i našu repliku u »domovinskom ratu«). U nas ustaljeni pojam »domovine« ne pretpostavlja naslijeđe »po krvi« (ili genima), nego zajedništvo »doma« -teritorijalnu, a prema tome i kulturnu pripadnost (Tesla: Srbin po narodnosti, ali pripadnik »hrvatske domovine«). Dok su romanski jezici skloni različitim inačicama pojma patria (tj. »očevine«) dotle njemački vrlo dobro luči Vaterland od Heimat.

CONTEXTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF SENTENCE SPLITTING IN TRANSLATION (ENGLISH-FRENCH-CZECH)

Author(s): Olga Nádvorníková / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

The present paper examines the contexts and consequences of sentence splitting in English, Czech and French translated fiction. In the data extracted from a parallel (multilingual) corpus, we analyze first a language-specific context of sentence splitting (sententialization of non-finite verb forms in translations from English and French into Czech), and second, contexts of splitting occurring in all directions of translation. We conclude that sentence boundaries are usually introduced at the point of a sentence entailing the fewest modifications in the target sentence, especially between two coordinate clauses; and that a systematic sentence splitting, deeply modifying the style of the source text, involves the effect of simplification and normalization.

История бытования латинографичной рукописной Псалтири на церковнославянском языке из собрания А. С. Норова

Author(s): Jelena Aleksandrovna Celunova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

This article is devoted to the research of the History of the Book of Psalms manuscript from A.S.Norovʼs book collection stored in the Department of manuscripts of the Russian State Library. The manuscript was written at the beginning of the 18th century in Church Slavonic language Polish letters by two nuns from the East Slavic region of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth who moved to Russia at that time. Very few such texts have survived, and almost all of them were created in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Records by the owners of the manuscript indicate that the manuscript was found at the estate of Prince Andrei Dolgorukov near Moscow — in the village of Bogorodskoye located in the immediate vicinity of the Moscow Ascension maiden Monastery. It is suggested that the creator of the manuscript could be a village nun of this monastery who lived in the village of Bogorodskoye. The article analyzes indirect information about the authors of the manuscript and draws a conclusion about their use of certain symbols characteristic of the cultural and theological environment of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.