THE TELLTALE SIGNS OF CZECH SPEAKERS’ MOTHER TONGUE IN THEIR ENGLISH INTONATION

Author(s): Irena Headlandová Kalischová / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

Intonation, even though one of the least tangible areas of language (Underhill 1994), is brought to examination here; in particular it is the phenomenon of the most prominent prosodic peak in an utterance. This contribution presents part of the results of a comparative study of the intonation centre placement in English dialogues read by English native speakers and Czech speakers of English. The focal point of the research was to establish whether Czech speakers are able to produce intonation in accordance with the actual message of the text. The framework of the study is represented by the theory of functional sentence perspective.

Nejen obecná čeština. Od Obyčejných věcí k Slezskému románu

Author(s): Petr Mareš / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2012

The non-standard language has become, in the course of the twentieth century, an im-portant and legitimate component of Czech literary texts, but the most widely used non-standard variety, the so-called common Czech, prevails. The Moravian (or Silesian) vari-eties appear much less. This article analyses the language of two prosaic works which operate to a significant extent with Silesian dialects, Obyčejné věci (Common Things) by Jan Vrak (1998) and Slezský román (The Silesian Novel) by Petr Čichoň (2011). The use of dialects is, in both pieces of prose, supported by the localization of some parts of the storyline to the territory of Silesia. The intricately composed experimental prose by Jan Vrak confronts the typically Silesian elements with the elements of other varieties and presents the emphasized language diversity as a part of the main character’s search for his personal and family identity. Slezský román works with language in an easier way and highlights primarily the language specificity of the Hlučínsko region, affected also by the influence of German.

František Čermák, Vladimír Petkevič, Alexandr Rosen (eds.): Korpusová lingvistika Praha 2011, 1–3.

Author(s): Kateřina Najbrtová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 5/2012

Формально-структурная характеристика аналитических прилагательных (русско-чешский сопоставительный аспект)

Author(s): Lukáš Plesník / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article focuses on the problems of analytical adjectives. These lexical units act, as a rule, in relation to the control word in the definition function. Theoretical information about analytical adjectives (A. A. Reformatsky, M. V. Panov) is the starting point for further research on such lexical units. The presence of analytical adjectives in modern Slavic languages, including Russian and Czech, is closely related to reinforcing trends in analytism and agglutination. The main attention is paid to the formal and structural characteristics of the studied lexical units in the comparative Russian-Czech aspect. Analytical adjectives have a rather diverse and rich formal and structural expression.

K otázce vývoje demolingvistické situace v Baskicku

Author(s): Jaromír Kadlec / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2020

The article describes, analyses and compares the evolution of the demolinguistic situation in the Basque Autonomous Community, in the Chartered Community of Navarre and in the Basque Municipal Autonomous Community in France. The position of Basque in Spain has improved significantly and the number of speakers of that language has also increased. In France, the revitalization of Basque began much later, but the first signs of increasing popularity of this language are beginning to emerge.

Czeskie i polskie somatyzmy z leksemami hmat/dotyk i kůže/skóra (symbolika i ekwiwalencja wzajemna)

Author(s): Dariusz Tkaczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2019

The use of names of senses and sense organs as a basic component of so-called somatisms, i.e. phraseological units referring to human (animal) body/organism and its functions has a long history which goes back to ancient times. As a linguist and a Slavic studies specialist, the author of this article examines the fact that such phraseological expressions exist in closely related languages and investigates the issue of their equivalence – their mutual translatability. Phraseological expressions play an essential role in the teaching of Czech or Polish and in the work of translators of these languages, since learning, active knowledge and awareness of the content of rich phraseology, which has great semantic significance, are equally important as the knowledge of the vocabulary. In the course of the investigation, the author of this article indicates the meaning, sense and symbolism of taste and the tongue in world cultures, excerpts 40 (2+38) Czech and Polish phrasemes (without proverbs) containing these lexemes from available ‘classic’ dictionaries in which the particular sense hmat/dotyk (“touch”) and sense organ kůže/skóra (“skin”) make the main entry, orders and compares them in terms of equivalence, and presents the quantitative statistical data and the typology by means of three graphs.

O niektórych właściwościach przekładu Księgi Koheleta Marcina Bielskiego

Author(s): Edward Jakiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The translation of the Book of Ecclesiastes by Marcin Bielski was published in 1554 as the second Polish translation of this Old Testament book published in print. It is undoubtedly an independent work, and its author reached beyond any doubt for the Hebrew text. It cannot be ruled out, however, that Bielski confronted his translation with the Vulgate. In his work he introduced minor modifications and reduced the content of some verses. He probably did it in order to adapt his translation to the Polish reader. Bielski limited the rhetoric of his translation, which was reflected in the reductions and elimination of even a characteristic hebel. At the same time, he tried to give his translation the most careful form, taking care of its stylistic correctness and aesthetics. Further research on this document will surely make it possible to read its translation and literary value more thoroughly, which will allow for a more complete understanding of the sixteenth-century translations of biblical books in Poland.

М. Младенова. Чешка граматика

Author(s): Radost Zhelezarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2007

Review of: M. Mladenova. Czech grammar. Sofia, Science and Art, 2004. 208 p.

Kr.Waszakowa. Przejawy internacjonalizacji w słowotwórstwie współczesnej polszczyzny

Author(s): Tsvetanka Avramova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2007

Review of: Kr.Waszakowa. Manifestations of internationalization in the formation of contemporary Polish. Warsaw, Publishing House of the University of Warsaw, 2005.265 pp.

Typological analysis of the imperative paradigms in the Slavic languages

Author(s): Krasimira Angelova Chakarova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2006

The topic that the present article studies is the verbal category ‘imperative mood’, characteristic of all contemporary Slavic languages. The paper attempts to make a typological classification of Slavic imperative paradigms with regard to various distinctive criteria, defined in the course of the analysis. It investigates the level of unification and structural analogy; but at the same time it raises the question of formal-semantic asymmetry when the imperative forms find their grammatical realization in the nucleus of the modality. There has been an emphasis on the unique place which the Bulgarian language takes among other kindred languages in respect of the great diversity of analytical forms - a result of the specific intralinguistic changes. The concluding part of the study presents some of the recent tendencies in the functioning of Slavic imperatives.

Afrykatyzacja *t’, *d’ > *ć, *ʒ’ na Pomorzu Zachodnim w świetle nazw miejscowych i terenowych

Author(s): Jerzy Duma / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article analyses the scope of the process of affricatization *t’, *d’ > *ć, *ʒ’ in Western Pomerania. Its gradual disappearance towards the west was confirmed – higher for the former *d’, smaller for the former *t’. In the old Slavic dialects of West Pomerania, as well as in the old Slavic dialects of Mecklenburg, East Holstein or in the dialect of Połabian Drzewians, there is no such affricatization in most local and field names, i.e. *t’ > t, *d’ > d. This may confirm the loss of accommodative pronunciation in these dialects. The lack of accommodative pronunciation before the vowels of the front row typologically brings these dialects closer to the following dialects and languages: Upper Sorbian, Czech and Slovak as well as the South Slavic languages. It is also partially similar the multiple of consonants before *e, *ě and *i in Ukrainian.

O kwalifikatorach pragmatycznych w słownikach języka polskiego polemicznie

Author(s): Mariola Wołk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article discusses the problem of selecting pragmatic qualifiers in general dictionaries of the Polish language, focusing in particular on the issue of verifiability of hypotheses which are the basis for a particular qualification of the usage scope of a given expression. A research sample used to formulate the problems and propose correspondent solutions consists of pragmatic descriptions of 20 expressions whose meanings are close to or identical with the word kobieta [Eng. woman] (in relation to gender). The expressions were excerpted from six most recognized dictionaries of contemporary Polish. Their analysis allows one to formulate both detailed conclusions as well as outlining fundamental general problems. The latter include, among others, issues related to the criterion of selecting qualifiers, the principles of their possible combination or their usage scope (especially the abbreviation książk. [Eng. literary]). The analysis is concluded with an attempt to solve some of the problems, including proposals for testing some lexicographic hypotheses. However, by no means are they to be seen as complete and final solutions.

Wie äußert man sich gendergerecht? Kontrastive Bemerkungen zur Movierung im Deutschen und im Polnischen inspiriert durch den Genderdiskurs

Author(s): Anna Dargiewicz / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

The aim of the article is to discuss the ‘motion’ word-formation process in German, and contrast it with a correspondent word-formation process in Polish in order to present relevant similarities and differences between the two languages visible in the collected empirical material. Both languages under analysis have created semantic as well as cultural and social groundwork enabling the development of the ‘motion’ word-formation category. This process has been motivated primarily by debates taking place both in Germany and in Poland which referred to the ways languages should respond to gender issues (the so-called gender discourse). Both German and Polish offer means of identifying the gender of a given name. Most motion suffixes are used to derive feminine names from their masculine equivalents. Derivation of masculine versions from feminine names is very rare in both languages. It is worth emphasizing that motion in both languages provides very interesting opportunities for linguistic creativity. This creativity and the need for accurate specification of academic degrees, jobs and positions related to feminine or neuter genders often become a subject of heated debates. Additionally, German language users demonstrate considerable creativity as regards visual representations of references to a given gender, e.g., by inserting graphic symbols into words, as is the case of the word Student*innen – gender asterisk.

Description lexicographique franco-polonaise de la classe d’objets pour les besoins de la traduction automatique. Études complémentaires

Author(s): Michał Hrabia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This paper is a continuation of studies on the construction of French-Polish lexicographical description of olfactory perception nouns for the purpose of potential application in machine translation. The methodology of the conducted research derives from Wiesław Banyś’s object-oriented approach and the notion of object class, understood as a set of nouns characterized by a group of operations (verbs) and attributes (adjectives) specific to them. In the previous work (Hrabia 2019), the operations of the object class were analysed; in the present article, the focus is put on the attributes. Thanks to the analysis based on the frTenTen17 corpus, 76 attributes typical of the examined nouns, i.e. odeur, parfum, arôme, puanteur and senteur, were identified. In addition, it was shown that the class is not homogeneous and it does not form a hierarchical structure with the smaller classes that it consists of. The last part of the article presents a bilingual lexicographical “flashcard,” which is one of the description formats used in the objectoriented approach.

Popularne mitologizmy grecko-rzymskie jako firmonimy identyfikujące profil działalności przedsiębiorstwa

Author(s): Magdalena Puda-Blokesz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article attempts to demonstrate functional aspects of popular Graeco-Roman mythology-based expressions which occur in Polish chrematonymy that assume the role of proper company names, with particular emphasis on their function as business profile and business subtype identifiers. First, the extralinguistic background, that is the reality of consumer culture and competitive market, is outlined. The theory of marketing communication between the company and the customer is referred to, as are business names (company names mostly) forming one of the persuasive elements in this communication. Finally, description of data extracted from the pkt.pl company list is presented, including names with such components as Atena, Wenus, Herkules, Cerber, Hades, Styks and Charon as well as industry classification for particular business activities. The analysis of the source material made it possible to determine functions of mythology-based company names. Meant to produce in their recipients the relevant connotations (and associations) governed by the cultural semantic baggage, besides the core functions ascribed to onyms, such names also serve the informative and identifying, persuasive and axiological, culture-forming and socialising roles, among others. The considerations put forward here are situated in the domain of onomastics related to cultural chrematonymy.

Kumulované diskurzní markery (no ale, no jako, no ne, no tak) a jejich funkce v rozhovoru

Author(s): Jana Hoffmannová,Marie Kopřivová,Zuzana Laubeová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 26/2022

The intense scrutiny under which conversation analysis has placed turn-taking inconversation has gradually also led to an interest in turn beginnings and xpressions occupyingturn-initial positions, mostly turn-initial particles. Our research follows up on an investigationof discourse markers in spoken Czech, whose results were published in the monograph Syntaxmluvené češtiny. In the present paper, we focus on the linear syntactic, prosodic and interactionalfeatures of multi-element clusters (cumulations) of discourse markers at the beginningof the second turn in a two or possibly three turn sequence – i.e. the reactive, responsive turn.We strive to capture the forward/backward looking orientation of these cumulations, i.e. thedegree to which they tie into the previous turn (not necessarily a question), and how they contributeto projecting the response. This doubly contextual perspective leads to expressing variousreactive meanings and stances, both preferred and dispreferred. We leave aside one-wordreactions, especially jo, no, which are very frequent in Czech, and their reduplicated variants(jo jo, no no no), and give a special attention to the cumulations no ne, no jako, no ale, no tak.The research is based on naturally occurring private conversations (collected i. a. in the ORTOFONcorpus). Our analyses combine methods from conversation analysis, interactional linguisticsand corpus linguistics.

A Dialectal Corpus – a Modern Methodology of Archiving Speech of Rural Regions

Author(s): Helena Grochola-Szczepanek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The article discusses the issue of archiving the spoken language of rural residents in the form of an electronic dialectal corpus. The remarks result from working on the creation of the first electronic dialectal corpus in Poland (Korpus Spiski). The methodology used in this study can be applied more widely. The main part of the text focuses on the method of collecting and transcribing dialectal spoken data. The possibilities of using the dialectal corpus for scientific research are also shown. Building a dialectal corpus requires an adaptation of IT tools and the nonstandard spoken data itself. The use of spelling notation allows a wide range of users to use the corpus. Archiving the language of rural residents in the form of a corpus has many advantages, e.g. it documents the current situation of a given dialect and it is a source for various studies.

Komunikacja międzykulturowa jako przyszłość slawistyki

Author(s): Bożena Tokarz,Emil Tokarz / Language(s): Polish Issue: Suppl./2013

The Slavonic studies should be looked at from the perspective of a changed communication resulting from ambivalent globalization processes, where the image of the world is reduced simultaneously with providing an immediate access to information and knowledge. The activities that enrich and reduce within different domains make the numerous viewpoints yield to a communication uniformity, for example by language. The fact that the Slavic languages and cultures are pushed to the category exotic by the English language resuslts from that phenomenon. A reorganization of the curriculum of the Slavonic studies based on cultural translatology is a chance for preserving differences within the global community, since one can truly participate in intercultural communication through translation, which serves the community and makes it possibile to retain the difference and respect for otherness.

Мероприятия Славистического общества Сербии по международному научному сотрудничеству и возможности их включения в деятельность МАС

Author(s): Petar Bunjak / Language(s): Russian Issue: Suppl./2013

The paper overviews the current international events of the Society for Slavonic Studies of Serbia – regular or occasional scholarly conferences and projects organized, as well as the editions published by the Society. Special attention is paid to the various possibilities of including those events into the common network of international scholarly conferences that will be held under the auspices of the International Association for Slavonic Studies.

Czy mówisz po polsku, sąsiedzie? Potrzeby i oczekiwania Czechów i Litwinów wobec platformy do nauki języka polskiego polski.info

Author(s): Irena Masojć,Jiří Muryc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

In their article, Irena Masojć and Jiří Muryc present a multilingual e-learning platform www.polski.info. It is innovative, interactive and user-friendly. Its aim is to facilitate access to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for people with different skills, interests and needs. The platform uses modern ICT tools and allows students to learn the language from the very beginning, offering attractive exercises. It is available in several languages and caters to interested parties from many countries. The portal is designed for adults who want to learn Polish and expand their knowledge about Poland. It includes, among many things, Polish language courses at A1 and A2 levels (B1 level in preparation), a guide to Polish grammar, a dictionary with recordings of the correct pronunciation of individual words and phrases, tools for communicating with recipients and sharing posts on social networking sites. On the one hand, Masojć and Muryc refer to the broader context of the needs of potential users of this platform, especially in the area of statistics and the attitudes and recommendations of the European Union. On the other hand, they analyze prospective users’ expectations on the basis of research conducted in two neighboring countries, the Czech Republic and Lithuania. The use of quantitative and qualitative methods in the analysis of survey data has allowed the scholars to determine and compare the needs of Czechs and Lithuanians when it comes to learning Polish and to show the extent to which the structure and content of the emerging e-learning platform will be able to meet them.